Advance Features of SQL
A view: can contain all rows of a table or selected
rows from one or more tables. A view can be created
from one or many tables which depends on the
written SQL query to create a view.
• CREATE VIEW view_name AS SELECT column1,
column2..... FROM table_name WHERE
[condition];
CREATE VIEW COMPANY_VIEW AS
SELECT ID, NAME, AGE FROM COMPANY;
ID Name Age Address Salary
1 Ajay 25 PUNE 10,000
2 Rahul 36 Ambad 15,000
3 Seema 27 aurangabad 25,000
4 Jayshree 28 Jalna 35,000
5 KISAN 30 JALGAON 40,000
CREATE VIEW COMPANY_VIEW AS
SELECT ID, NAME, AGE FROM COMPANY;
SELECT * FROM COMPANY_VIEW;
ID Name Age
1 Ajay 25
2 Rahul 36
3 Seema 27
4 Jayshree 28
5 KISAN 30
ID Name Age Address Salary
1 Ajay 25 PUNE 10,000
2 Rahul 36 Ambad 15,000
3 Seema 27 aurangabad 25,000
4 Jayshree 28 Jalna 35,000
5 KISAN 30 JALGAON 40,000
CREATE VIEW V1 AS SELECT * FROM COMPANY
WHERE SAL >= 25000
SELECT * FROM V1
ID Name Age Address Salary
3 Seema 27 aurangabad 25,000
4 Jayshree 28 Jalna 35,000
5 KISAN 30 JALGAON 40,000
ID Name Age Address Salary
1 Ajay 25 PUNE 10,000
2 Rahul 36 Ambad 15,000
3 Seema 27 aurangabad 25,000
4 Jayshree 28 Jalna 35,000
5 KISAN 30 JALGAON 40,000
CREATE VIEW V2(eno ,Emp_name ,age ) AS SELECT id,name,age
FROM COMPANY
WHERE age > 27
SELECT * FROM V2
eno Emp_name age
2 Rahul 36
4 Jayshree 28
5 KISAN 30
Dropping Views
DROP VIEW view_name;
DROP VIEW COMPANY_VIEW;
Activity
• Create view called Stud_DBM of computer course student
• Display the content of Stud_DBM view
• Remove the view Stud_DBM
• Create Stud_vu view on student table
• Create view called emp_vu30 on employee number ,ename ,deptno
from EMP table
• Consider Schema Employee_Details (empname,eid,DOB,sal,job)
Create view on employee_Details table having attribute (empname ,
empid, DOB ,salary ,job) where salary is greater than 20.000
• Consider following Schema Depositor (Acc_no, name,PAN ,Balance )
Create view on depositor having attribute (Acc_no,PAN) where balance
is greater than 100000
• Person (Pid,name , address , city ,phone)
• Create view View_person containing details of person from city
‘Mumbai’ and ‘pune’
SYNONYM
• CREATE SYNONYM statement to create an
alternative name for a database object such
as a table, view, sequence, procedure,
stored function
• CREATE SYNONYM synonym_name
FOR object;
• CREATE SYNONYM s FOR inventories;
• CREATE SYNONYM s1 FOR app_suppliers;
SELECT * FROM s;
Drop SYNONYM
• DROP SYNONYM synonym_name;
• DROP SYNONYM stock;
Activity
• Create synonyms for class table .write a
steps to create synonyms
• Create synonym syn_person on table
person_details
• Delete synonym syn_person .
• Write syntax and example of create and
drop synonym
sequence
• which is a database object from which multiple
users may generate unique integers.
Syntax
CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_name
INCREMENT BY value
START WITH value
MINVALUE value
MAXVALUE value
CYCLE/ NOCYCLE
The following statement creates the sequence customers_seq
CREATE SEQUENCE customers_seq
START WITH 1
INCREMENT BY 2
NOCYCLE;
CREATE SEQUENCE dept_seq
MINVALUE 1
START WITH 1
INCREMENT BY 2
Dept(ID,Name)
Insert into dept values ( dept_seq.nextval,’IT’)
ALTER SEQUENCE seq_name
Alter sequence INCREMENT BY 124;
Alter sequence seq_name
increment by n Alter sequence dept_seq
Maxvalue n increment by 10
Cycle Maxvalue 100
Cycle
Drop Sequence
• DROP SEQUENCE sequence_name;
• DROP SEQUENCE supplier_seq;
Activity
• Create sequence dept_seq start with 50 and increment by 10
maxvalue 9999 nocycle
• Create sequence starting with 100
• Create sequence mytableidseq increment by 1 start with 1000
• Create a sequence srno_seq starting with 10 and increment by one
• Create sequence for employee table. also alter the created
sequence
• Create sequence seq1 with starting vlaue 1 and maximum value
20 with an increment of 1 . Consider Schema customer {custno ,
custname, pnoneno} And use seq1 sequence for inserting a row
in custemer table
• Create sequence seq_pid with starting vlaue 100 and maximum
value 150 with an increment of 1 . Consider Schema person
{personid , name, city ,phoneno) And use seq_pid sequence for
inserting a row in person table
• Create sequence for Dept. table. also alter the created sequence
Simple INDEX
• CREATE INDEX index_name
ON table_name(column1)
CREATE INDEX ind1
ON student (Stud_name)
Composite INDEX
• CREATE INDEX index_name
ON table_name(column1,column2….)
CREATE INDEX ind2 ON student (Stud_name, mark)
Unique INDEX
Unique index does not allow any
duplicate value to be inserted into table
• CREATE unique INDEX index_name
ON table_name(column1,column2….)
CREATE unique INDEX ind3
ON student (roll_no)
Implicit Index
• Implicit index are created
automatically by the database
when object is created . Such index
are created for primary key and
unique constraint
Drop Index
• DROP Index index_name;
• DROP index ind1;
Activity
• Describe simple and composite
index
