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Chapter 03

The document describes the system architecture of an IoT-enabled weather monitoring system. It uses various sensors connected to a microcontroller to measure weather parameters like temperature, humidity, pressure, and rainfall. The sensor data is sent to the internet through a WiFi module and analyzed. It also provides details of the hardware components used like Arduino, sensors, and WiFi module.

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Rakshith Gowda
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27 views

Chapter 03

The document describes the system architecture of an IoT-enabled weather monitoring system. It uses various sensors connected to a microcontroller to measure weather parameters like temperature, humidity, pressure, and rainfall. The sensor data is sent to the internet through a WiFi module and analyzed. It also provides details of the hardware components used like Arduino, sensors, and WiFi module.

Uploaded by

Rakshith Gowda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 3

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

3.1. Features of purposed system


In IOT enabled weather monitoring system project, Arduino Uno measures 4 weather
parameters using respective 4 sensors. These sensors are a temperature sensor, humidity
sensor, light sensor, and rain level sensor. These 4 sensors are directly connected to Arduino
Uno since it has an inbuilt Analog to digital converter. The weather monitoring system gives
high accuracy and reliability for weather monitoring and climate changing. It uses the
renewable energy source like solar panel for charging the connected battery. Through the
web, it access real time weather information and data. This system can be communicated over
general packet radio service (GPRS) network. Low maintenance is required for end users. It
is capable for storing data and providing it to the users as required.

3.2. Purposed Hardware Architecture


The implemented system consists of a microcontroller (ESP8266) as a main processing unit
for the entire system and all the sensor and devices can be connected with the
microcontroller. The sensors can be operated by the microcontroller to retrieve the data from
them and it processes the analysis with the sensor data and updates it to the internet through
Wi-Fi module connected with via blink app then we can measure temperature, humidity,
pressure and rain fall.

3.3. Circuit Diagram

Fig – 3.1 Circuit diagram of NodeMCU

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IoT Based Real-Time Weather Monitoring And Reporting System System Architecture

Fig –3.2 Circuit diagram of BMP180 with Arduino

Fig – 3.3 Circuit diagram of DHT11 with Arduino

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IoT Based Real-Time Weather Monitoring And Reporting System System Architecture

Fig – 3.4 Circuit diagram of Rain sensor with Arduino

3.4. List of required hardware components

Serial No. Name of the components

1. Arduino UNO
2. ESP8266 WiFi Module
3. DHT11
4. BMP180
5. Rain Sensor
6. 16*2 LCD Display
7. Beard Board
8. Jumper Wire
9. Data Cable

3.5 . Details of Hardware Component

3.5.1. Arduino UNO

Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P (datasheet). It has


14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16
MHz ceramic resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), and a USB connection, a power jack, an
ICSP header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller;
simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or

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IoT Based Real-Time Weather Monitoring And Reporting System System Architecture

battery to get started.. You can tinker with your Uno without worrying too much about doing
something wrong, worst case scenario you can replace the chip for a few dollars and start
over again. "Uno" means one in Italian and was chosen to mark the release of Arduino
Software (IDE) 1.0. The Uno board and version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE) were the
reference versions of Arduino, now evolved to newer releases. The Uno board is the first in a
series of USB Arduino
boards, and the reference model for the Arduino platform; for an extensive list of current,
past or outdated boards see the Arduino index of boards.

Fig – 3.5 Arduino


Uno

 Pin Configuration of Arduino UNO


 Vin - This is the input voltage pin of the Arduino board used to provide input supply from
an external power source.
 5V - This pin of the Arduino board is used as a regulated power supply voltage and it is
used to give supply to the board as well as onboard components.
 3.3V - This pin of the board is used to provide a supply of 3.3V which is generated from a
voltage regulator on the board.
 GND - This pin of the board is used to ground the Arduino board.
 Reset - This pin of the board is used to reset the microcontroller. It is used to Resets
the microcontroller.

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IoT Based Real-Time Weather Monitoring And Reporting System System Architecture

 Analog Pins - The pins A0 to A5 are used as an analog input and it is in the range of 0-5V.
 Digital Pins - The pins 0 to 13 are used as a digital input or output for the Arduino board.
 Serial Pins - These pins are also known as a UART pin. It is used for communication
between the Arduino board and a computer or other devices. The transmitter pin number
1 and receiver pin number 0 is used to transmit and receive the data resp.
 External Interrupt Pins - This pin of the Arduino board is used to produce the External
interrupt and it is done by pin numbers 2 and 3.
 PWM Pins - These pins of the board is used to convert the digital signal into an analog
by varying the width of the Pulse. The pin numbers 3,5,6,9,10 and 11 are used as a PWM
pin.
 SPI Pins - This is the Serial Peripheral Interface pin, it is used to maintain SPI
communication with the help of the SPI library.
SPI pins include:
1) SS: Pin number 10 is used as a Slave Select
2) MOSI: Pin number 11 is used as a Master Out Slave In
3) MISO: Pin number 12 is used as a Master In Slave Out
4) SCK: Pin number 13 is used as a Serial Clock

 LED Pin: The board has an inbuilt LED using digital pin-13. The LED glows only when
the digital pin becomes high.
 AREF Pin: This is an analog reference pin of the Arduino board. It is used to provide a
reference voltage from an external power supply.

3.5.2. ESP8266 – Wi-Fi Module

The ESP8266 WiFi Module is a self-contained SOC with in an integrated TCP/IP


protocol stack that can give any microcontroller access to your WiFi network. The ESP8266
is capable of either hosting an application or offloading all Wi-Fi networking functions from
another application processor. Each ESP8266 module comes pre-programmed with an AT
command set firmware, meaning, you can simply hook this up to your Arduino device and get
about as much WiFi-ability as a WiFi Shield offers (and that’s just out of the box)! The
ESP8266 module is an extremely cost-effective board with a huge, ever -growing,
community.

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IoT Based Real-Time Weather Monitoring And Reporting System System Architecture

Fig – 3.6 ESP8266 WiFi Module


Pin Configuration

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IoT Based Real-Time Weather Monitoring And Reporting System System Architecture

Some features of ESP8266

 Low cost, compact and powerful Wi-Fi Module


 Power Supply: +3.3V only
 Current Consumption: 100mA
 I/O Voltage: 3.6V (max)
 I/O source current: 12mA (max)
 Built-in low power 32-bit MCU @ 80MHz
 512kB Flash Memory
 Can be used as Station or Access Point or both combined0
 Supports Deep sleep (<10uA)
 Supports serial communication hence compatible with many development platform like
Arduino
 Can be programmed using Arduino IDE or AT-commands or Lua Script

3.5.3 DHT11(Temperature & Humidity sensor)

The DHT-11 Digital Temperature and Humidity Sensor is a basic, ultra-low-cost


digital temperature and humidity sensor. It uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor
to measure the surrounding air and spits out a digital signal on the data pin (no analog input
pins needed).

Fig – 3.7 DHT11(Temperature & Humidity Sensor)

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IoT Based Real-Time Weather Monitoring And Reporting System System Architecture

Pin Configuration of DHT11

DHT11 Specifications
 Operating Voltage: 3.5V to 5.5V
 Operating current: 0.3mA (measuring) 60uA (standby)
 Output: Serial data
 Temperature Range: 0°C to 50°C
 Humidity Range: 20% to 90%
 Resolution: Temperature and Humidity both are 16-bit
 Accuracy: ±1°C and ±1%

3.5.4. BMP180 (Pressure Sensor)


BMP180 is one of sensor of BMP XXX series. They are all designed to measure
Barometric Pressure or Atmospheric pressure. BMP180 is a high precision sensor designed
for consumer applications. Barometric Pressure is nothing but weight of air applied on
everything. The air has weight and wherever there is air its pressure is felt. BMP180 sensor
senses that pressure and provides that information in digital output. Also, the temperature
affects the pressure and so we need temperature compensated pressure reading. To
compensate, the BM180 also has good temperature sensor.

Fig – 3.8 BMP180

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