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1) What is HTML?

HTML is short for HyperText Markup Language and is the language of the World Wide
Web. It is the standard text formatting language used for creating and displaying pages
on the Web. HTML documents are made up of two things: the content and the tags that
format it for proper display on pages.

2) What are tags?

Content is placed in between HTML tags in order to properly format it. It makes use of
the less than symbol (<) and the greater than symbol (>). A slash symbol is also used as
a closing tag. For example:

<strong>sample</strong>

3) Do all HTML tags come in a pair?

No, there are single HTML tags that do not need a closing tag. Examples are the <img>
tag and <br> tags.

4) What are some of the common lists that can be used when designing a page?

You can insert any or a combination of the following list types:

– ordered list
– unordered list
– definition list
– menu list
– directory list
Each of this list types makes use of a different tag set to compose

5) How do you insert a comment in HTML?

Comments in HTML begins with “<!–“nd ends with “–>”. For example:

<!-- A SAMPLE COMMENT -->

6) Do all character entities display properly on all systems?

No, there are some character entities that cannot be displayed when the operating
system that the browser is running on does not support the characters. When that
happens, these characters are displayed as boxes.
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7) What is an image map?

Image map lets you link to many different web pages using a single image. You can
define shapes in images that you want to make part of an image mapping.

8) What is the advantage of collapsing white space?

White spaces are a blank sequence of space characters, which is treated as a single
space character in HTML. Because the browser collapses multiple spaces into a single
space, you can indent lines of text without worrying about multiple spaces. This enables
you to organize the HTML code into a much more readable format.

9) Can attribute values be set to anything or are there specific values that they
accept?

Some attribute values can be set to only predefined values. Other attributes can accept
any numerical value that represents the number of pixels for a size.

10) How do you insert a copyright symbol on a browser page?

To insert the copyright symbol, you need to type &copy; or & #169; in an HTML file.

11) How do you create links to sections within the same page?

Links can be created using the <a> tag, with referencing through the use of the number
(#) symbol. For example, you can have one line as <a href=”#topmost”>BACK TO
TOP</a>, which would result in the words “BACK TO TOP” appearing on the webpage
and links to a bookmark named topmost. You then create a separate tag command like
<a id=”topmost”> or in old version <a name=”topmost”> somewhere on the top of the
same webpage so that the user will be linked to that spot when he clicked on “BACK TO
TOP”.

12) Is there any way to keep list elements straight in an HTML file?

By using indents, you can keep the list elements straight. If you indent each sub-nested
list in further than the parent list that contains it, you can at a glance determine the
various lists and the elements that it contains.

13) If you see a web address on a magazine, to which web page does it point?

Every web page on the web can have a separate web address. Most of these addresses
are relative to the top-most web page. The published web address that appears within
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magazines typically points this top-most page. From this top level page, you can access
all other pages within the website.

14) What is the use of alternative text in image mapping?

When you use image maps, it can easily become confusing and difficult to determine
which hotspots correspond to which links. Using alternative text lets, you put a
descriptive text on each hotspot link.

15) Do older HTML files work on newer browsers?

Yes, older HTML files are compliant to the HTML standard. Most older files work on the
newer browsers, though some features may not work.

16) Does a hyperlink apply to text only?

No, hyperlinks can be used in the text as well as images. That means you can convert an
image into a link that will allow users to link to another page when clicked. Surround the
image within the <a href=” “>…</a> tag combinations.

17) If the user’s operating system does not support the needed character, how can
the symbol be represented?

In cases wherein their operating system does not support a particular character, it is still
possible to display that character by showing it as an image instead.

18) How do you change the number type in the middle of a list?

The <li> tag includes two attributes – type and value. The type attribute can be used to
change the numbering type for any list item. The value attribute can change the number
index.

19) What are style sheets?

Style sheets enable you to build consistent, transportable, and well-defined style
templates. These templates can be linked to several different web pages, making it easy
to maintain and change the look and feel of all the web pages within site.

20) State bullet types available in HTML

With ordered lists, you can select to use some different list types including alphabetical
and Roman numerals. The type attribute for unordered lists can be set to disc, square, or
circle.
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21) How do you create multicolored text in a webpage?

To create text with different colors, use the <font color=”color”>…</font> tags for
every character that you want to apply color. You can use this tag combination as many
times as needed, surrounding a single character or an entire word.

22) Why are there both numerical and named character entity values?

The numerical values are taken from the ASCII values for the various characters, but
these can be difficult to remember. Because of this, named character entity values were
created to make it easier for web page designers to use.

23) Write an HTML table tag sequence that outputs the following:
50 pcs 100 500
10 pcs 5 50

Answer:

<table>
<tr>
<td>50 pcs</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>500</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10 pcs</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>50</td>
</tr>
</table>

24) What is the advantage of grouping several checkboxes together?

Although checkboxes don’t affect one another, grouping checkboxes together help to
organize them. Checkbox buttons can have their name and do not need to belong to a
group. A single web page can have many different groups of checkboxes.

25) What will happen if you overlap sets of tags?

If two sets of HTML tags are overlapped, only the first tag will be recognized. You will
find this problem when the text does not display properly on the browser screen.

26) What are applets?

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Applets are small programs that can be embedded within web pages to perform some
specific functionality, such as computations, animations, and information processing.
Applets are written using the Java language.

27) What if there is no text between the tags or if a text was omitted by mistake?
Will it affect the display of the HTML file?

If there is no text between the tags, then there is nothing to format. Therefore no
formatting will appear. Some tags, especially tags without a closing tag like the <img>
tag, do not require any text between them.

28) Is it possible to set specific colors for table borders?

You can specify a border color using style sheets, but the colors for a table that does not
use style sheets will be the same as the text color.

29) How do you create a link that will connect to another web page when clicked?

To create hyperlinks, or links that connect to another web page, use the href tag. The
general format for this is: <a href=”site”>text</a>
Replace “site” with the actual page URL that is supposed to be linked to when the text is
clicked.

30) What other ways can be used to align images and wrap text?

Tables can be used to position text and images. Another useful way to wrap text around
an image is to use style sheets.

31) Can a single text link point to two different web pages?

No. The <a> tag can accept only a single href attribute, and it can point to only a single
web page.

32) What is the difference between the directory and menu lists and the unordered
list?

The key difference is that the directory and menu lists do not include attributes for
changing the bullet style.

33) Can you change the color of bullets?

The bullet color is always the same as that of the first character in the list item. If you
surround the <li> and the first character with a set of <font> tags with the color
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attribute set, the bullet color, and the first character will be a different color from the
text.

34) What are the limits of the text field size?

The default size for a text field is around 13 characters. However, if you include the size
attribute, you can set the size value to be as low as 1. The maximum size value will be
determined by the browser width. If the size attribute is set to 0, the size will be set to
the default size of 13 characters.

35) Do <th> tags always need to come at the start of a row or column?

Any <tr> tag can be changed to a <th> tag. This causes the text contained within the
<th> tag to be displayed as bold in the browser. Although <th> tags are mainly used
for headings, they do not need to be used exclusively for headings.

36) What is the relationship between the border and rule attributes?

Default cell borders, with a thickness of 1 pixel, are automatically added between cells if
the border attribute is set to a nonzero value. Likewise, If the border attribute is not
included, a default 1-pixel border appears if the rules attribute is added to the <table>
tag.

37) What is a marquee?

A marquee allows you to put a scrolling text in a web page. To do this, place whatever
text you want to appear scrolling within the <marquee> and </marquee> tags.

38) How do you create text on a webpage that will allow you to send an email
when clicked?

To change text into a clickable link to send email, use the mailto command within the
href tag. The format is as follows:

<A HREF=”mailto:youremailaddress”>text to be clicked</A>

39) Are <br> tags the only way to separate sections of text?

No. The <br> tag is only one way to separate lines of text. Other tags, like the <p> tag
and <blockquote> tag, also separate sections of text.

40) Are there instances where the text will appear outside of the browser?
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By default, the text is wrapped to appear within the browser window. However, if the
text is part of a table cell with a defined width, the text could extend beyond the
browser window.

41) How are active links different from normal links?

The default color for normal and active links is blue. Some browsers recognize an active
link when the mouse cursor is placed over that link; others recognize active links when
the link has the focus. Those that don’t have a mouse cursor over that link is considered
a normal link.

42) Do style sheets limit the number of new style definitions that can be included
within the brackets?

Style sheets do not limit the number of style definitions that can be included within the
brackets for a given selector. Every new style definition, however, must be separated
from the others by a semicolon symbol.

43) Can I specify fractional weight values such as 670 or 973 for font weight?

Implementation largely depends on the browser, but the standard does not support
fractional weight values. Acceptable values must end with two zeroes.

44) What is the hierarchy that is being followed when it comes to style sheets?

If a single selector includes three different style definitions, the definition that is closest
to the actual tag takes precedence. Inline style takes priority over embedded style
sheets, which takes priority over external style sheets.

45) Can several selectors with class names be grouped together?

You can define several selectors with the same style definition by separating them with
commas. This same technique also works for selectors with class names.

46) What happens if you open the external CSS file in a browser?

When you try to open the external CSS file in a browser, the browser cannot open the
file, because the file has a different extension. The only way to use an external CSS file is
to reference it using <link/> tag within another HTML document.

47) How do you make a picture into a background image of a web page?

To do this, place a tag code after the </head> tag as follows:

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<body background = “image.gif”>

Replace image.gif with the name of your image file. This will take the picture and make
it the background image of your web page.

48) What happens if the list-style-type property is used on a non-list element like
a paragraph?

If the list-style-type property is used on a non-list element like a paragraph, the

property will be ignored and do not affect the paragraph.

49) When is it appropriate to use frames?

Frames can make navigating a site much easier. If the main links to the site are located
in a frame that appears at the top or along the edge of the browser, the content for
those links can be displayed in the remainder of the browser window.

50) What happens if the number of values in the rows or cols attribute doesn’t add
up to 100 percent?

The browser sizes the frames relative to the total sum of the values. If the cols attribute
is set to 100%, 200% the browser displays two vertical frames with the second being
twice as big as the first.

51) Which browsers support HTML5?

The latest versions of Google Chrome, Apple Safari, Mozilla Firefox, and Opera all
support most of the HTML5 features.

52) Name two new tags included in the HTML 5

<Video> and <Audio> are new tags which are included in HTML5 version. They are
mainly used as a replacement for Flash, Silverlight, and similar technologies to play
multimedia items.

53) Do you know which are two semantic tags are included in HTML5 version?

The <article> and <section> tags are two new tags that are included in HTML5. Articles
can be composed of multiple sections that can have multiple articles. An article tag
represents a full block of content which is a section of a bigger whole.

54) What is <figure> in HTML5?

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This tag represents a piece of self-contained flow content. It is mostly used as a single
unit as a reference the main flow of the document.

55) What is the use of Canvas element?

The canvas element helps to build charts, graphs, bypass Photoshop to create 2D
images and place them directly into HTML5 code.

56) What are the new FORM elements which are available in HTML5?

The new Form elements in HTML5 offers much better functionality than the earlier
versions.

The tags given provided to carry out these functions are:

1) <datalist> – This tag is use to specify a list of options for input controls.

2) <keygen> – This tag represents a key-pair generator field.

3) <output> – It represents the result of any scripting calculation.

57) Tell me two benefits of HTML5 Web Storage

Two main benefits of HTML5 Web Storage:

 It can store up to 10 MB data which is certainly more than what cookies have.
 Web storage data cannot be transferred with the HTTP request. It helps to
increase the performance of the application.

58) What are two types of Web Storage in HTML5?

Two storage types of HTML5 are:

Session Storage: It stores data of current session only. It means that the data stored in
session storage clear automatically when the browser is closed.

Local Storage: Local storage is another type of HTML5 Web Storage. In local storage,
data is not deleted automatically when the current browser window is closed.

59) What is the Application Cache in HTML5 and why it is used?

The Application Cache concept means that a web application is cached. It can be
accessible without the need for internet connection.
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Some advantages of Application Cache:

1. Offline browsing – Web users can also use the application when they are offline.
2. Speed – Cached resources load quicker
3. Reduce the server load – The web browser will only download updated
resources from the server.

60) Explain five new input types provided by HTML5 for forms?

Following are the important, new data types offered by HTML5:

1. Date: It allows the user to select a date.

2. datetime-local: This input type allows the user to select a date and time without
time zone.
3. datetime: This input type allows the user to select a date and time with time
zone.
4. month: It enables the user to select a month and year
5. email: These input fields used to contain an e-mail address.

61) What is the difference between HTML elements and tags?

HTML elements communicate to the browser to render text. When the elements are
enclosed by brackets <>, they form HTML tags. Most of the time, tags come in a pair and
surround content.

62) What is semantic HTML?

Semantic HTML is a coding style. It is the use of HTML markup to reinforce the semantics
or meaning of the content. For example: In semantic HTML <b> </b> tag is not used for
bold statement as well as <i> </i> tag is used for italic. Instead of these we use
<strong></strong> and <em></em> tags.

63) Explain the layout of HTML?

HTML layout specifies a way in which the web page is arranged.

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Every website has a specific layout to display content in a specific manner.

Following are different HTML5 elements which are used to define the different parts of a
webpage.

o <header>: It is used to define a header for a document or a section.

o <nav>: It is used to define a container for navigation links
o <section>: It is used to define a section in a document
o <article>: It is used to define an independent, self-contained article
o <aside>: It is used to define content aside from the content (like a sidebar)
o <footer>: It is used to define a footer for a document or a section

64) What is a marquee?

Marquee is used to put the scrolling text on a web page. It scrolls the image or text up,
down, left or right automatically. You should put the text which you want to scroll within
the <marquee>......</marquee> or <marquee attributes like direction, height, width
>......</marquee> tag.
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65) How many tags can be used to separate a section of texts?

Three tags are used to separate the texts.

o <br> tag - Usually <br> tag is used to separate the line of text. It breaks the current
line and conveys the flow to the next line
o <p> tag - The <p> tag contains the text in the form of a new paragraph.
o <blockquote> tag - It is used to define a large quoted section. If you have a large
quotation, then put the entire text within <blockquote>.............</blockquote> tag.

66) How to make a picture of a background image of a web page?

To make a picture a background image on a web page, you should put the following tag
code after the </head> tag.

1. <body background = "image.gif">

Here, replace the "image.gif" with the name of your image file which you want to display
on your web page.

67) What are empty elements?

HTML elements with no content are called empty elements. For example: <br>, <hr> etc.

68) What is the use of a span tag? Give one example.

The span tag is used for following things:

o For adding color on text

o For adding background on text
o Highlight any color text

Example:

1. <p>
2. <span style="color:#ffffff;">
3. In this page we use span.
4. </span>
5. </p>

69) What is the use of an iframe tag?

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An iframe is used to display a web page within a web page.

Syntax:

1. <iframe src="URL"></iframe>

Example:

1. <iframe src="demo_iframe.html" width="200px" height="200px"></iframe>

Target to a link:

1. <iframe src="http://www.javatpoint.com" name="iframe_a"></iframe>

70) What are the entities in HTML?

The HTML character entities are used as a replacement for reserved characters in HTML.
You can also replace characters that are not present on your keyboard by entities. These
characters are replaced because some characters are reserved in HTML.

71) Why is a URL encoded in HTML?

An URL is encoded to convert non-ASCII characters into a format that can be used over
the Internet because a URL is sent over the Internet by using the ASCII character-set only.
If a URL contains characters outside the ASCII set, the URL has to be converted. The non-
ASCII characters are replaced with a "%" followed by hexadecimal digits.

72) Does a <!DOCTYPE html> tag is a HTML tag?

No, the <!DOCTYPE html> declaration is not an HTML tag. There are many type of HTML
e.g. HTML 4.01 Strict, HTML 4.01 Transitional, HTML 4.01 Frameset, XHTML 1.0 Strict,
XHTML 1.0 Transitional, XHTML 1.0 Frameset, XHTML 1.1 etc. So, <!DOCTYPE html> is
used to instruct the web browser about the HTML page.

73) What is button tag?

The button tag is used in HTML 5. It is used to create a clickable button within the HTML
form on the web page. It is generally used to create a "submit" or "reset" button. Let's see
the code to display the button.

74) What are the new <input> types for form validation in HTML5?

The new input types for form validation are email, URL, number, tel, and date.
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Example:

<input type="email">
75. What is CSS?

Full form of CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) which is used to format the
layout of a webpage.

With the help of CSS, someone can control the color, font, the size of text, the spacing
between elements and also how elements are positioned and laid out, what background
images or background colors to be used, different displays for different devices and
screen sizes, and so many more as well.

76. What are Types of CSS:

So there are three ways to add CSS to HTML documents :

 Inline – by putting the style attribute inside HTML elements

 Internal – by putting a <style> element in the <head> section
 External – by adding a <link> element to link to an external CSS file
The most common and used way to add CSS, is to have the styles in external CSS
files.

77. What is Inline CSS?

An inline CSS can be used to apply a unique and also different style to a single HTML
element.

An inline CSS has the style attribute of an HTML element.

Now put the text color of the <h1> element to red, and the text color of the <p> element
to blue:

<h1 style="color:red;">A Blue Heading</h1>

<p style="color:blue;">A red paragraph.</p>

78. What is Internal CSS?

An internal CSS can be used to define a style for a single HTML page.

An internal CSS is used to define in the <head> section of an HTML page and
also within a <style> element.
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Now let’s have an example of the text color of ALL the <h1> elements (on that page) to
blue, and the text color of ALL the <p> elements to red.

The page will be displayed with “powderblue” background color:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<style>

body {background-color: powderblue;}

h1 {color: blue;}

p {color: red;}

</style>

</head>

<body>

79. What is External CSS?

An external style sheet concept is normally used to define the style for many HTML
pages.

In order to start using an external style sheet, put a link to it in the <head> section of
each HTML page:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">

</head>
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<body>

<h1>This is a heading</h1>

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>

</html>

<h1>This is a heading</h1>

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>

</html>

80. How to align text in HTML?

Basically, if you want to align your text using HTML, then you need to use css and
follow the proper process:

div.a {

text-align: center; or choose one { left, right, justify }

The text-align property discusses the horizontal alignment of text in an element.

81. How to convert HTML to PDF?

If you are working in a Windows system then open an HTML web page in Internet
Explorer, Google Chrome or Firefox.

 On a Mac, open an HTML web page in Firefox

 Press on the “Convert to PDF” button in the Adobe PDF toolbar in order to
get started with the PDF conversion
 Enter the filename and save your new PDF file in a desired location