Solution

Class 12 - Chemistry

Solution
1. (b) 4.01
Explanation: Mass of solution = mass of solute + solvent = 196+1000= 1196g Volume of solution
1196 2000
=
1.2
= 996.66ml M =
996.66
= 2.006 M N = M × 2 = 4.01N = 1196/1.2=996.66 ml M=2000/996.66
= 2.006 M N= M × 2 = 4.01N
2. (a) 0.016
n n
Explanation: Molality = = 0.02 = or n = 0.08
V 4
n 0.08
m = =
5
= 0.016
Mass of water in kg

3. (a) increases with increase in temperature.

Explanation: Value of Henry's law constant increases with an increase in temperature.
4. (b) 32.05
(1.17 ∗ 1000)
Explanation: M = = 32.054
(36.5)

5. (c) 0.6
Explanation: For acids, Normality = molarity × basicity
N = M × nf

N = 0.3 × 2 = 0.6

6. (a) Helium
Explanation: Size of Helium is small so does not causes “Bents” to divers when the dive back to surface. As
it is less soluble.
7. (d) Swells up
Explanation: It swells up due to osmosis process and eventually burst.
8. (a) A-B interactions are weaker than those between A-A or B-B.
Explanation: If A-B interactions will be weaker than A-A or B-B interaction then the result will be a
positive deviation. The solutions show a large positive deviation from minimum boiling azeotropes.
9. (d) Powdered sugar in hot water.
Explanation: Since the solution is cool to touch, the dissolution process is endothermic. Therefore, high
temperature will favour dissolution. Further, powdered sugar has a large surface area and provide
faster dissolution.
10. (a) mole fraction
Explanation: Mole fraction is useful in relating vapour pressure with a concentration of the solution.
According to Raoult's law, the
partial vapour pressure of each component in the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction
present in solution.
A is one component.
nA
pA ∝ xA, xA =
nA +nB

11. (d) Methanol and acetone.

Explanation: A mixture of Methanol and acetone shows positive deviation because methanol-methanol
and acetone-acetone interactions are stronger than methanol-acetone. The more hydrogen bonds are
broken the less number of new H-bonds are formed.
12. (b) Lower boiling point than both the components and ΔHmix is negative
Explanation: A solution of two volatile liquids showing a large positive deviation from ideal behaviour
have ΔHmixing negative and lower boiling point than both the components.

13. (a) 0.1 M glucose solution

Explanation: 0.1 M solution of urea, at a given temperature, is isotonic with 0.1 M glucose solution as both
are non electrolytic.

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14. (c) low atmospheric pressure
Explanation: At high altitudes, the partial pressure of oxygen is less than that at the ground level, which
leads to a low concentration of oxygen in the air as well as blood.
15. (d) water will move from the side (B) to side (A) if a pressure greater than the osmotic pressure is applied
on piston (B).
Explanation: Water will move from the side (B) (concentrated sodium chloride solution) to side (A)
(freshwater) if a pressure greater than the osmotic pressure is applied on piston (B).
16. (c) is higher than that at a dilute solution.
Explanation: π = CRT
where C is the concentration of the solution and pi is the osmotic pressure. So, the higher the concentration
of solution at a given temperature the higher will be the osmotic pressure
17. (d) 400
6
0.2×10
Explanation: 500
= ppm = 400

18. (d) Osmotic pressure

Explanation: This setup is Berkeley and Hartley method used for measurement of osmotic pressure.
19. (d) molality
Explanation: Molality (m) is defined as the number of moles of the solute per kilogram (kg) of the solvent
ΔTf
molality =
Kf

20. (c) the number of solute particles in solution.

Explanation: Colligative properties depend upon the number of solute particles in the solution and
independent of its nature relative to the total number of particles present in the solution.
21. (a) 0.1 molal sugar solution
Explanation: Sugar solution has i=1 so ΔTf minimum so Tf will be maximum.
22. (c) HNO3 + H2O
Explanation: Negatively deviated non ideal solution.
23. (d) In fixed ratio with that in the lower layer
Explanation: A solute distributes itself between two immiscible liquids. Ratio of conc. of solute in liquid1
and liquid 2 is constant.
24. (d) Solution (A) will follow Raoult’s law.
Explanation: Solution (A) will follow Raoult’s law.
For an ideal solution to follow Raoult's law A-A and B-B intermolecular interactions should be nearly the
same as A-B type interactions.
25. (a) 1:1:2
Explanation: ΔTf = iKfmsolute
ΔTf1 : ΔTf2 :ΔTf3 = i1 : i2 : i3
i1 = 1
i2 = 1
i3 = 2
so ΔTf1 : ΔTf2 : ΔTf3 = 1:1:2

26. (a) High pressure

Explanation: High pressure increases the boiling point of water so it reduces the cooking time.
27. (d) it loses water due to osmosis.
Explanation: Water starts moving out of mango (lower concentration) to the salt solution or brine (higher
concentration) due to osmosis as a result of mango shrivel.
28. (d) equimolar concentrations
Explanation: Isotonic solutions contain equal concentrations of impermeable solutes on either side of the
membrane and so the cell neither swells nor shrinks.

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29. (a) about three times
Explanation: 0.01 M solution of glucose does not ionize whereas 0.01 M MgCl2 solution ionized in 3 ions

(Mg2+ + 2Cl-) in the solution, hence the value of the colligative property for MgCl2 solution is about 3 times.

30. (a) 40 mL
Explanation: Phosphorus acid is diprotic acid as it has two ionizable hydrogens.
Thus, 1 mole of phosphorous acid will neutralize 2 moles of KOH.
The number of moles of phosphorus acid present in 20 mL of 0.1 M aqueous solution is 0.1 × 20 × 1/0001=
0.002 mol.
They will neutralize 2×0.002 mol =0.004 moles of KOH.
The molarity of the KOH solution is 0.1 M.
The volume of KOH solution required will be 0.004/0.1 = 0.04L = 40 ml.
31. (c) Schematic set up of a desalination plant
Explanation: The desalination process works on the principle of reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis occurs
when a pressure larger than the osmotic pressure is applied to the solution.

32. (a) K kg mol-1 or K (molality)-1

or K (molality)-1
ΔTb K
Explanation: Kb =
m
= −1
molkg

The unit of Boiling point elevation constant or Molal elevation constant (Ebullioscopic constant) is K kg
mol-1 or K (molality)-1.
33. (b) Solubility
Explanation: Pgas = KH × Xgas. Xgas

is measure of solubility of gas.

34. (d) Acetone and carbon disulphide
Explanation: (Solute- solute and > solute – solvent interactions Solvent – solvent)
35. (c) Elevation in boiling point of the solvent
Explanation: This graph is for elevation in boiling point. Boiling point is the temperature at which vapour
pressure of solution becomes equal to atmospheric pressure.
36. (a) urea
Explanation: Since urea is a non-electrolyte, Hence, the Van't Hoff factor is equal to 1.
37. (a) Acetone and chloroform
Explanation: Acetone and chloroform will show a negative deviation due to their association after mixing.

38. (c) 55.55 M

Explanation: Density of water = 1g/mL
Volume of 900g of water = 900mL
Moles of water = Given mass/Molecular mass = 900/18 = 50mol
Molarity of water = 50/900×1000 = 55.55M
39. (d) b.p
Explanation: liquid starts to boil.
40. (a) supersaturated
Explanation: When a small amount of solute is added to its solution and it does not dissolve and get
precipitated then this solution is supersaturated solution. The supersaturated solution usually contains
more of the dissolved material .
41. (a) the vapour pressure in container (A) is more than that in a container (B).
Explanation: since NaCl is a non-volatile solute, it will reduce the vapour pressure of the solution in the

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 container B. Hence, the vapour pressure of pure water in container A is more than in container B.
42. (c) molality
Explanation: It is independent of volume hence independent of Temperature.
43. (b) More than that of water
Explanation: They show positive deviation.
44. (b) 6 g
Explanation: Mass of NaOH = (1.5 × 0.1) × 40 = 6
45. (a) greater for gases with lower solubility.
Explanation: The higher the value of KH at a given temperature, the lower is the solubility of a gas in the
liquid.
46. (d) osmotic pressure
Explanation: osmotic pressure, as it depends upon number of particles(moles).
47. (a) Depression in freezing point of the solvent
Explanation: This graph is for depression in freezing point. Freezing point is the temperature at which
vapour pressure of pure solid solvent becomes equal to vapour pressure of solution.
48. (c) 0.07
Explanation: M1v1 = M2v2
N = M × nf

35 × 0.1 = 2 × M2 × 25

Therefore, MBa(OH)2 = 0.07

49. (c) Pressure

Explanation: The solubility of a solid in liquid does not depend on pressure because solid particle
are practically incompressible.
50. (c) At specific composition, the methanol-acetone mixture will form minimum boiling azeotrope and will
show a positive deviation from Raoult’s law.
Explanation: At specific composition, the methanol-acetone mixture will show positive deviation from
Raoult s law as it has lesser intermolecular interactions than methanol-methanol and acetone-acetone
interactions. Hence it forms minimum boiling azeotrope.
51. (c) 0.1 molal BaCl2 solution
Explanation: i=3 so ΔTb will be maximum and hence Tb will be maximum.

52. (c) Two different solutions of sucrose of the same molality prepared in different solvents will have the
same depression in freezing point.
Explanation: The value of A is different for different solvents. Thus, according to the relation,
△Tf = Kfm,

even for the same molal solutions depression in freezing point will be different.
53. (d) Increases
Explanation: As pressure increases boiling point also increases.
54. (c) It has very high cryoscopic constant
Explanation: Camphor has very high cryoscopic constant.
55. (a) 0.02 × 0.0821 × 300 atm
Explanation: Given C = 0.02
R = 0.0821 Latm / K / mol
π=CRT
= 0.02 × 0.0821 × 300 atm
56. (b) 0.0821 atm
Explanation: since
π = cRT

R = 0.0821L atmK-1mol-1
−2
C = 0.3 × 10

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 T = 300K
on substituting we get it as value as 0.0821atm
57. (d) Hexane
Explanation: Both hexane and n-octane are non-polar, so they mix easily.
58. (b) iA = iB = iC
Explanation: The value of van't Hoff's factor will be iA = iB = iC due to the complete dissociation of strong
electrolyte (NaCl) in dilute solutions. On complete dissociation value of van't Haff factor for NaCl is 2.
59. (c) Pumice stone
Explanation: Pumice stone is example of gas in Solid.
60. (b) 1.0 M Na2SO4

Explanation: 1.0 M Na2SO4 since it furnishes the maximum number of ions (2Na+ + SO4 ) and molecular
−

mass is higher therefore boiling point is higher.

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