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BLS CPR

The document provides information about basic life support and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It discusses the major changes in CPR guidelines, emphasizing effective chest compressions. It also provides comparisons of rescue breathing and CPR techniques for adults, children, and infants.

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Reymark Anchita
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46 views

BLS CPR

The document provides information about basic life support and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It discusses the major changes in CPR guidelines, emphasizing effective chest compressions. It also provides comparisons of rescue breathing and CPR techniques for adults, children, and infants.

Uploaded by

Reymark Anchita
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC LIFE SUPPORT- CPR

FO1 Marko D Mission EMT-B


Bureau of Fire Protection
Major Changes in the 2005 Guidelines
 Emphasis on, and recommendations to improve,
delivery of effective chest compression

A single compression-to-ventilation ratio for


all single rescuers for all victims

Recommendation that each rescue breath be


given over 1 second and should produce
visible chest rise
Major Changes…cont

 Simplified Hand Placement

 A new recommendation that single shocks,


followed by immediate CPR, be used to attempt
defibrillation for VF cardiac arrest. Rhythm checks
should be performed every two minutes.
Emphasis on Effective Chest
Compression
 Give effective chest compressions all rescuers
should “push hard and push fast”

Allow the chest to recoil completely after


each compression, and use approximately
equal compression and relaxation times.

Limit interruptions in chest compressions


One Universal Compression-to-
Ventilation Ratio

 The AHA recommends a compression-to


ventilation ratio of 30:2
HUMAN BODY

Body System
Breathing and Circulation
• Air that enters the lungs contains:
– 21% O2
– trace of CO2
• Air exhaled from the lungs contains:
– 16% O2
– 4% CO2
• Clinical death (0 - 4 min. - brain damage not
likely, 4 - 6 min. - damage probable).

• Biological death (6 - 10 min. - brain damage


probable; over 10 min. - brain damage is certain).
The Heart
The
Circulatory System
The Circulatory System

Delivers oxygen and


nutrients to the tissues.
Removes waste products
from the tissues
Pulse
Left ventricle contracts, sending a wave
of blood through the arteries. This can
be felt anywhere an artery passes near
the skin surface over a bone.

Radial
Carotid Femoral
Pulse
When the patient has lost a pulse,
they are in cardiac arrest.
Brain damage begins in 4 - 6 minutes
and becomes irreversible in 8 - 10
minutes.
Reasons the Heart will Stop
Sudden Death and Heart Disease

Respiratory Arrest, Especially in children

Medical Emergencies

Drowning, Suffocation, Trauma, Bleeding


Regardless of the
reason, the First
Responder’s emergency
medical care of cardiac
arrest is CPR.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

“The combination of artificial


ventilation and external chest
compressions is called
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(CPR).”
CPR
Cannot sustain life indefinitely
Must be started as early as possible.
CPR increases the amount of time
that defibrillation will be effective.
Chain of Survival
Check the Scene Safety

Monitor Response Check for Responsiveness

No Response

Activate Medical Assistance

Monitor/ Is Breathing Check for Signs of Life


Recovery Position

No Sign of Life

Chest does not rise,


Retilt the head and ventilate
Give 2 Breaths

Still chest does not rise Check for pulse


Perform unconscious choking

No Pulse/Not Sure If definite Pulse, Begin


RB: 1 breath every
5 seconds for 1 minute
Give cycles of 30ECC and 2RB
Establish unresponsiveness.
Open airway.
Look, listen, feel.
Ventilate.
Check pulse.
Locate compression site.
Begin compressions.
One-Rescuer CPR for Two Minutes
Recheck pulse.
Two-rescuer CPR
TABLE OF COMPARISON ON RESCUE BREATHING
FOR ADULT, CHILD, and INFANT

RESCUE BREATHING ADULT CHILD INFANT

Opening of airway (Head-Tilt-


Maximum tilt of the head Neutral plus position Neutral position
Chin Lift Maneuver)

Location for checking of signs Carotid pulse Brachial pulse (inner aspect of
Carotid pulse
of circulation (Side of the neck) upper arm)

Mouth-to-mouth or Mouth-to-
Method Mouth-to-mouth or Mouth-to-nose Mouth-to-mouth & nose
nose

Normal breath (1 second per


Normal breath (1 second per breath) Gentle, slow breath
Breaths breath)
(1 to 1.5 seconds per breath)

10 to 12 breaths per minute (1 breath


20 breaths per minute (1 breath every 3 seconds)
Rate every 4 to 5 seconds)
20 breaths in 1 minute
12 breaths in 1 minute

Counting for standardization


Breath 1, 1002, 1003, 1001, breath 1,
purposes: Mnemonic ADULT-1
1002, 1003, 1002, breath 1, 1002, Breath 1, 1001, breath 1, 1002, breath 1, 1003, breath…1, 1020,
breathe every 5 seconds ;
CHILD / INFANT -1 breath every 1003, 1003, breath… 10010 or up breath
3 seconds. to 10012, breath
TABLE OF COMPARISON ON CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
FOR ADULT, CHILD, AND INFANT

CPR ADULT CHILD INFANT

Just below the nipple


Compression Area Center of Chest, between nipples
line

Approximately 1 ½ to
Depth 1/3 to ½ the depth of the chest
2 inches.

2 hands. Heel of 1 2 fingers


2 hands
How to Compress hand, other hand on (middle & ring
1 hand
top fingertips).
TABLE OF COMPARISON ON CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
FOR ADULT, CHILD, AND INFANT

ADULT CHILD INFANT

Approximately 100/min
Rate

Compression-ventilation 30:2 30:2 (1 rescuer)


ratio. (1 or 2 rescuers) 15:2 (2 rescuer)

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ,9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ,9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
13, 14, 15, 15,
Counting for standardization 16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26, 16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,
purposes. 27,28,29, and 1 29, and 1
then breathe, breathe; then breathe, breathe;
Infant and Child CPR

“Infants (up to one year old)


and children (one to eight
years old) need slightly
different care.”
Determine unresponsiveness.
Open airway.
Determine breathlessness.
Ventilate.
Determine pulselessness.
Locate correct hand position.
Compress 1/2 to one inch.
30:2
Child Compression
When toSTOP CPR
Spontaneous signs of circulation
O
P

T
S are restored

Turned over to medical services


or properly trained and
authorized personnel.

Operator is already exhausted and


cannot continue CPR.

Physician assumes responsibility.


( Declares death, take over)
Bureau of Fire Protection

“To Save lives and Protect


Properties”

Thank you!

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