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Diss Concept Note

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April Jeannelyn Feniza
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8 views

Diss Concept Note

concept notes

Uploaded by

April Jeannelyn Feniza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DISS CONCEPT NOTE:

Anthropology refers to the study of humans. As a social science discipline, it examines all aspects of human
life and culture. It seeks to understand human origins and adaptation, and the diversity of cultures and worldviews.
In corollary, anthropology has been defined as that branch of knowledge which deals with the scientific study
of man, his works, his body, his behavior in values, in time and space. It is the study of physical, social and cultural
development and behavior of human beings since their appearance on earth.
It traces its roots from natural history. The discovery and contact to new civilization by European explorers and
colonizers lead to curiosity and questions of who’s these people are, who are their ancestors were, how they are
related to the other people in other places.
The word anthropology itself tells the basic story--from the Greek Anthropos "human" and logia "study “. It is
the study of humankind, from its beginnings millions of years ago to the present day.
Indeed, of the many disciplines that study our species, only anthropology seeks to understand the whole panorama--
in geographic space and evolutionary time--of human existence. In short this could be the study of human most
specifically the human culture. There are also known as Anthropological Perspectives. A fundamental principle of
anthropology, that the various parts of culture must be viewed in the broadest possible context in order to
understand their interconnections and interdependence. Theories about the world and reality based on the
assumptions and values of one’s own culture.
Franz Boas is considered as father of modern Anthropology. However, it was Edward Burnett Taylor coined first
the term “culture”.

Economics studies the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services.
It is derived from the Greek word “oikos” which means Household and “Nomos” which mean management.
Therefore, it is the study of household management. The term may also refer to the financial aspects of
something, as in “the economics of managing a business.
The two branches of Economics:
1. 1. Microeconomics – concerned with individual markets and small aspects of the economy.
2. Macroeconomics – concerned with the whole aggregate economy. Issues such as inflation, economic
growth and trade.

Adam Smith was an 18th-century Scottish economist, philosopher, and author who is considered the
FATHER OF MODERN ECONOMICS. Smith argued against mercantilism and was a major proponent of
laissez-faire economic policies. In his first book, "The Theory of Moral Sentiments," Smith proposed the idea of
an invisible hand—the tendency of free markets to regulate themselves by means of competition, supply and
demand, and self-interest. Became a separate discipline with the publication of Adams Smith’s The Wealth of
Nations in 1776.

Geography is the science of place. It is the social science that studies the distribution and
arrangement of all elements of the earth’s surface. Geography studies not only the surface of the earth but
also the location and distribution of its physical as well as cultural features, the patterns that they form, and
the interrelation of these things as they affect people. It deals especially with the relationship between the
environment of the earth’s surface and humans, which involves both physical and cultural geographic
features.

The two branches of geography:


1. Physical geography a major branch of the science of geography, and it mainly deals with the study of the
natural characteristics of the Earth. It covers both the ones that are on the Earth’s surface as well as those
near it. Physical geography allows us to chart landmasses, but physical geography is also being used to see
what lies beneath the Earth’s ice caps and oceans. Researchers are using satellite technology to see the
landmass that exists under Antarctica; additionally, there is work that continues to be done to explore and
map the physical makeup of the land underneath our oceans.
2. Human Geography. This is a main branch in geography, and it mainly covers studies of the human race.
This normally involves their backgrounds, how they interact and the perceptions that they have for various
ideologies affecting them. In addition to this, the discipline also studies the way in which the groups of people
that inhabit the Earth organize themselves in the particular regions that they inhabit. As a matter of fact,
many other branches of geography normally fall under human geography. Modern applications of human
geography can include mapping human migration, showing the movement of food resources and how they
impact communities, and the impacts climate change can have on humans living in vulnerable areas.

Five themes of geography:


1. Location- Where is it located?
2. Place. What's it like there?
3. Human-Environment Interaction. What is the relationship between humans and their environment?
4. Movement- How and why are places connected with one another?
5. Region- How and why is one area similar to another?

No one theme can be understood without the others.


Geography is more than memorizing names and places. Geographers organize space in much the same way
that historians organize time. To help organize space, geographers are concerned with asking three important
questions about things in the world. The themes are connected with one another, as are all components of
our world. No part of our world can be understood in isolation.

Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 276 BCE–192 or 194 BCE) was an ancient Greek mathematician, poet, and
astronomer who is known as the Father of Geography. Eratosthenes was the first person to use the word
"geography" and other geographical terms that are still in use today, and his efforts to calculate the
circumference of the Earth and the distance from the Earth to the Sun paved the way for our modern
understanding of the cosmos. Became academic discipline in Europe during 18th and 19 centuries while many
geographic societies were founded in the 19th century.

History is a study of the past, principally how it relates to humans. It describes or narrates
and analyzes human activities in the past and the changes that these had undergone. In its broadest
sense, history is the totality of all past events. History deals also with events which have happened
among mankind, including an account of the rise and fall of nations, as well as of other great
changes which have affected the political and social condition of the human race.

Herodotus is referred to as the Father of History (first by Cicero). He was a Greek historian who
lived in the 5th century BCE. He wrote a book titled The Histories in which he narrated the Persians
wars along with various earlier and contemporary stories about Greeks and barbarians.

Methods of Creating History


1. POSITIVISM- it embraces human agency in history. It uses sources to provide the accurate and
complete version of the past. It also embraces and empathetic approach towards people in the past.
2. NARRATIVE CHRONOLOGY -The creation of narratives of the past analysis plays less role as the
role of accidents is most important.
3. BIOGRAPHY HAGIOGRAPHY - The “great man” method which creates chronological narratives.
Often look at the agency of one individual in history.
4. DIALECTS ANALYSIS-These are created which become orthodoxies. New theses then arrive to
challenge these revisionisms and a synthesis is produced from the old and the new. The synthesis
becomes the new thesis or the paradigm and the process of clashes dialectics repeats.
5. META NARRATIVE TOTAL HISTORY -Works of the Ananales school are characterized by a multi
layered approach these seek to integrate long term, midterm and short-term factors in a ‘’total
history’’. There is an effort to explain large amounts of human history through the application of
theory and social sciences and comparative studies of similar events in desperate places.
6. NEGATIVISM IN HISTORICAL AFFAIRS REJECTS ALL RESOURCES. Rejects the possibility of
empathetic understanding of the past.

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