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BEE Lecture2

The document discusses basic electrical and electronics engineering concepts including RLC components, energy considerations, types of sources, and connections of sources. It defines resistors, inductors, and capacitors and their voltage-current characteristics. It also covers dependent and independent sources and their symbolic representations.

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30 views

BEE Lecture2

The document discusses basic electrical and electronics engineering concepts including RLC components, energy considerations, types of sources, and connections of sources. It defines resistors, inductors, and capacitors and their voltage-current characteristics. It also covers dependent and independent sources and their symbolic representations.

Uploaded by

adityamoonlight
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING
(Course code:CSE102)

SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND


APPLICATIONS

Prepared by:
Dr. Laxmi Priya Sahu
Assistant Professor, DYPIU
Module-I: Introduction basic of
electrical engineering
Lecture-2
● RLC components.
● Energy considerations.
●
Types of Sources .
Classification of Elements
There are two types of elements in electrical circuits:

1) Active elements:
● Capable of suppying average power to the rest of the circuit.

● Ex: generators, batteries, current sources, voltage sources.

2) Passive elements:
● Not capable of suppying average power to the rest of the circuit.

● Ex: resistors, inductors, capacitors, transformer


Resistor (R)
● Physical and symbolic represenation of resistor
Cont..
● It is defined by Ohm’s law.
● The voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing
through it.
● Property of resistor to oppose the flow of current is known as resistance.
● Unit of resistance: Ohm(Ω)
Where ρ = resistivity of material V∝i or V=iR or i=V/R or R=V/i
l = length of the material R = ρl/A
A= area of cross-section
V-I Characteristics of resistor

V∝i or V=iR or i=V/R or R=V/i


P=Vi =i2R =V2/R V R
W= i2Rt

i
(V-I characteristics of resistor)
Ohm’s Law
● Ohm’s law states that the voltage (V) across a conductor is directly
proportional to the current (I) flowing through it, provided all physical
conditions and temperatures remain constant.

V∝I or V=IR or I=V/R or R=V/I

Where R is the resistance of an element denotes its ability to resist the flow of
electric current.
Inductor (L)
Physical and symbolic representation of inductor
Cont..
● The voltage across the inductor is directly proportional to the time rate of change of
the current.
● Mathematically,
V ∝ di/dt
V= L*di/dt
Where L is the constant of proportionality called the inductance of the inductor.
● Inductance is the property whereby an inductor exhibits opposition to the change in
current flowing through it.
● Unit of inductance : henry (H) L=N2μA/l

Where N = No. of turns, μ= Permitivity of material,


l = length of inductor, A = cross-sectional area
V-I Characteristics of inductor
V = L*di/dt
P = Li*di/dt
W =∫Pdt=∫Li*di/dt*dt
= ∫Lidi =1/2*LI2

V L

di/dt
(V-I characteristics of inductor )
Capacitor(C)
● Symbolic and physical representation of capacitor
Cont..
● Capacitance is the ratio of the charge (q) on one plate of a capacitor to the voltage
difference (v) between the two plates.
● Mathematically, C=q/V or q ∝ V => q=CV

Where C is the proportionality constant known as capacitance of capacitor.


● Unit of capacitance: farad (F) C= 𝝴A/d
Where 𝝴= permitivity of material
A=surface area of plate
d= spacing between the plates
V-I characteristics of capacitor
q = CV
dq/dt = d(CV)/dt
i = C*dV/dt
V=1/C∫idt
P=Vi =CV*dV/dt
W=∫Pdt=∫CV*dV/dt*dt i C
=C∫VdV=1/2*CV2

dV/dt
(V-I characteristics of capacitor)
Summary
Component Current (I) Voltage (V)
Resistor (R) I= V/R V= IR
Inductor (L) I = 1/L∫Vdt V=L*dI/dt
Capacitor (C) I = C(dV/dt) V=1/C∫Idt
Energy Considerations
● Cannot change Instantaneously
● Weather it is mechanical / electrical system
● We need nonzero amount of time to change total energy
● If energy could change instantaneously, power is infinite (impossible to
achieve).
● Capacitance and inductance are extremely useful in analysis of electronic
circuits
Classification of sources
Sources

Independent Dependent

Voltage source Voltage controlled


controlled voltage
voltage source
source

Current controlled voltage source

Current source Voltage controlled current source

Current controlled current source


Symbolic representation of sources
Independent and dependent sources
● An independent source is an ● Special kinds of sources for
active element that provides a which either the source
specified voltage or current voltage or current depends
that is completely independent upon a current or voltage
of other circuit elements. elsewhere in the circuit; such
sources are referred to as
dependent sources.
Dependent Sources

(a)Dependent voltage source (b) Dependent current source (a) Current controlled current source (CCCS)
(b) Voltage controlled current source (VCCS)
(c) Voltage controlled voltage source (VCVS)
(d) Current controlled voltage source (CCVS)

CCVS
Series and parallel connection of sources
Voltage sources in parallel Current sources in series

● Two voltage sources are connected in ● Two different current sources must not
parallel to increase current rating. be connected in series as it violates
Kirchhoff’s current law.
● Two unequal voltage sources parallel
connection should be avoided as it leads
to circulating current among the
sources
Termination
● Open circuit:
– I=0
– R=∞
– V= finite
● Short circuit:
– I = finite
– R=0
– V=0
Summary
● RLC components
● Energy consideration
● Types of sources
● Series and parallel connection of sources
Thank You

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