Oracle Cloud Erp For Dummies
Oracle Cloud Erp For Dummies
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Cloud ERP
by Ed Tittel
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Cloud ERP For Dummies®, Oracle Special Edition
Published by
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Table of Contents
Introduction................................... 1
About This Book..................................................................1
Foolish Assumptions...........................................................2
Icons Used in This Book......................................................3
Beyond the Book................................................................4
CHAPTER 1: Defining ERP for Your Business.........................5
Every ERP Solution Is Unique.......................................6
Flexibility Is Key to Usable ERP....................................8
How to Meet Your ERP Needs..................................11
Adapting ERP to Accommodate Change...................12
CHAPTER 2: Mapping Your ERP Journey...............................15
The Legacy of ERP’s Origins........................................16
Moving into Modern ERP...........................................17
Steps for Your Cloud Journey.....................................20
Ready for Compelling Events......................................24
CHAPTER 3: Toward a Simpler, More Modern ERP.............27
Consolidating Multiple Systems..............................28
Consolidation offers benefits..............................28
How consolidation works....................................30
Getting to globalization..........................................30
About those benefits...............................................31
Bringing Finance and HR Together............................32
Connecting Your Supply Chain to Finance
and Ops.......................................................................35
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CHAPTER 4: Leveraging Next-Gen Technologies.................39
Automating Tasks and Processes..............................41
Using Analytics and Personalized Data...................44
Using Mobile Tools for a Mobile Workforce........45
Driving Insight and Innovation with Artificial
Intelligence................................................................46
Working with Chatbots and More..............................48
CHAPTER 5: Forever Modern...................................................49
Focusing on Continuous Improvement
and Innovation.........................................................50
Keeping Up with Change.............................................52
Making Processes Modern..........................................53
Delivering New Features and Technology...............54
CHAPTER 6: Ten Solid ERP Benefits......................................57
From Fragmentation to Single Source.....................57
Other Benefits of Modern ERP................................58
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Introduction
E
RP is an acronym for enterprise resource planning
(but it’s never sounded out, to avoid imitating rude
noises). More important, ERP describes a kind of
software that organizations use to enable and support a
company’s business strategy. These include such func-
tions as accounting, project management, procurement,
risk management and compliance, and supply-chain
operations. In addition, a complete ERP software suite
includes enterprise performance management software
to help organizations plan, budget, predict, and report on
financial results.
1
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engineering, IT, marketing, and operations can
exchange valid, compliant data, and how people and
systems in those departments can work together well.
Simply put, ERP helps people collaborate and ties
business processes and technologies together across
their organization.
Foolish Assumptions
I made some basic assumptions about you, gentle reader,
in writing this book:
2
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» I assume you know a fair amount about ERP systems and
software, especially how it provides
useful information to users and organizations.
3
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Beyond the Book
This book helps you discover more about choosing, work-
ing with, and using ERP software — especially modern,
integrated end-to-end systems and platforms. For more
material, try these resources:
» www.oracle.com/erp
» www.oracle.com/applications
» www.oracle.com/what-is-erp
4
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IN THIS CHAPTER
» Capturing what’s unique for
each organization
» Understanding why flexibility is
key to ERP success
» Making sure your ERP needs
are met, today and tomorrow
Chapter
1Defining ERP for
Your Business
E
very business or organization is different. That
means that, although the kinds of data and business
processes that enterprise resource planning (ERP)
must handle are somewhat alike, no two operations will
ever be identical.
5
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Every ERP Solution Is Unique
The basic characteristics that define modern ERP
change only slowly. But the way that ERP systems get
implemented — and especially the data that any ERP
system stores and uses, along with controls that govern
how that data is used, entered, validated, and so on —
changes from implementation to implementation.
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6
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to conduct business. In fact, ERP acts as a conduit for
business information between and among organizational
units. Then, too, ERP provides an important source for
information to outsiders (partners, public and private
investors, venture capitalists, stockholders, and more)
in feeding data into public, pro-forma reports and
analyses and their private counterparts.
TRACING ERP’S
TECHNOLOGY ROOTS
ERP traces its roots back to mainframe comput- ing and
inventory control packages in the 1960s. In the 1970s,
wholesale adoption of DBMS tools and technologies
facilitated a move to materials requirements planning
(MRP) systems. By the late 1980s, MRP morphed into
ERP through on- premises systems that enabled
customization for specific business processes.
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For each organization, ERP must reflect specific work-
flows to make sure business processes work. Items and
activities tracked in a retail company differ from those
for a heavy equipment manufacturer. ERP gains impact
and value from its ability to handle the right mix of
busi- ness capabilities that match the data and
workflows in your organization.
Flexibility Is Key to
Usable ERP
Today, many companies run their businesses on a
patch- work of finance and operations systems commonly
called ERP that prevents them from adequately keeping
up with constantly changing market environments. This
situa- tion creates data silos, along with disconnected
processes and user experiences that make it difficult to
react to market shifts quickly. They might also
compromise data security. Indeed, flexibility is a key
ingredient in ensur- ing that ERP provides the kind of
accurate and timely information that businesses need.
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experiences, make it more valuable and transformative
for companies to run their businesses on a new genera-
tion of ERP.
9
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» Maintenance costs for hardware and software keep increasing.
10
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How to Meet Your ERP Needs
By examining drivers for ERP modernization you can
evaluate your organization’s upgrade needs. These
require analysis of ongoing technology and generational
changes in the business and how current capabilities may
hold things back. Three key inflection points guide this
analysis:
11
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» Growth and compliance: Growth often means
global expansion, increased financial complexity,
and regionalized accounting, reporting, and compliance
needs. Then, too, growth means an increase in data, with
all the issues involved in securing, managing, analyzing, and
using that data. Modeling opportunities and their impacts
(includ- ing M&A, new markets, customer
growth, and more) require the right systems with
processes in place to support regulatory scrutiny.
Adapting ERP to
Accommodate Change
To begin with, organizations can use modern ERP to
make more and better use of what’s already available to
them — the data and business processes they already
use to handle everyday business functions. Given the
flexibil- ity, adaptability, and user-friendly nature of a
modern ERP environment, a good initial way to foment
change in an organization is to do more of the same —
except to perform better and faster.
12
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Next, organizations can look to enhanced access and
capabilities that modern ERP systems bring to the table.
For example, they can leverage user- and mobile device–
friendly applications. Why not let a smartphone photo of
an invoice or receipt act as input to a payment system or a
reimbursement request, for example? Mod- ern ERP
systems make this kind of thing simple and
straightforward.
13
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In general, planning for change also helps make room
for innovation. By soliciting input and suggestions from
frontline workers and customers, organizations show
themselves willing to listen and learn from those with
real-world, everyday experience. By implementing
changes based on such input, organizations make sys-
tems faster, easier to use, and more productive.
14
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IN THIS CHAPTER
» Surveying the ERP legacy
landscape
» Moving up to modern ERP
» Choosing the right
modernization
path
» Dealing with compelling events
that may crop up
Chapter
2Mapping Your ERP
Journey
I
f your organization needs to modernize its enterprise
resource planning (ERP) environment, you need to
understand the elements involved in transitioning
from the status quo to a new, modern approach. To get
underway, take a look at a typical legacy landscape
from which most organizations will depart, before
pondering what’s involved in moving forward into
modernized ERP.
15
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The Legacy of ERP’s Origins
Introduced in the 1980s, the original ERP
implementation — ERP 1.0 — involved on-premises ERP
deployment using extensive customization for business
processes. The world is both more complex and more
competitive than when ERP first appeared on in-house
mainframes. Today more than ever, finance and
technol- ogy are interlinked, with growing volumes of
data driving critical business decisions, as well as
operations, report- ing, and compliance.
16
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Fragmented environments are subject to vexing limitations.
For one thing they often create data silos that keep related
business processes separate and disjointed. Sometimes,
manual reconciliation is the only way to create global
views of data and status. This can lead to variable and
unhappy experiences as users seek to overcome such
limitations through sheer dint of effort and expose
them- selves to potential errors and fraud. On-premises
solu- tions may be limited in the data they
accommodate and in the access they provide to users.
And finally, legacy systems are often difficult (or
impossible) to automate, which keeps the burden of
obtaining and managing data and reports on users and
administrators.
17
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Key aspects of modern ERP systems address the
leading concerns that organizations face when
considering a move into the cloud. These seven aspects
belong to two categories: modern platform parameters
and modern business application design. Taken as a
whole, they define standards for a modern ERP system
and create a foundation for agility and growth.
18
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around standards-based platforms support
personalization and configuration within the ERP
application itself. This makes enhancements “upgrade-
safe.”
19
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» Globalization: A customer (located anywhere) may have
global needs. Does the ERP vendor support
and facilitate these needs? Local data centers may be
required to comply with data sovereignty and regulatory
mandates. A complete cloud ERP system shares enterprise
data across operations, business units, and HQ.
20
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» Clearly defined project goals. Choose KPIs to
measure business benefits (productivity, financial
close rate, and infrastructure costs). Measurements help create
consensus and approval, align strategies, and define
outcomes.
21
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» Employ built-in, standard best practices.
Modern best practices are key built-ins for cloud
applications. This makes it safe and easy to replace legacy
software and its outdated approaches and processes. Modern
ERP includes more than
80 percent of common business processes through built-in
standardization; use them in any modern- ization project.
22
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» Give testing your complete attention.
Application testing works best if everyone is in the
same room.
23
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met. Ditto for a person devoted to ensuring that ERP
reports met business needs and produced valid data and
insights.
24
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situations arise. This may mean planning to accommo-
date new business offerings or services as high-priority
items. Or it may mean incorporating new data sources,
reports, and processes.
25
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IN THIS CHAPTER
» Consolidating multiple ERP
systems
» Unifying finance and HR
» Connecting finance, operations,
and supply chain
Chapter
Toward a Simpler,
3
More Modern ERP
T
he challenges inherent in modernizing ERP lead
inevitably to centralization and simplification.
Why? Because organizations want to get past over-
spending just to maintain systems. They also want to
speed the processes involved in information retrieval and
analysis, change direction more quickly, cope with
M&A activity more effectively, and launch into new
territories and business models with dispatch.
27
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Consolidating
Multiple Systems
Many organizations start from a fragmented patchwork
of ERP systems and related add-ons that can vary across
departments, divisions, and countries. Thus, a key initial
effort in modernization often involves consolidation of
multiple ERP systems, with the incorporation of multiple
different applications and data sources under a single,
unified framework that includes a single chart of accounts
and a common data schema.
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28
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logistics, IT security, developers, risk management
(audit, risk and compliance), and other departments.
All these groups depend on ERP to help them manage
and improve their capabilities and outputs.
Consolidation confers benefits of a different kind and
scale that come at a faster pace.
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real-time insight, they find modernized ERP a
key tool in mapping out near-term future plans
and
29
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projections. This makes them natural allies for ERP
modernization efforts and occasional champions.
Getting to globalization
For global organizations, it’s critical to have one global
ERP system. Thus, signing on to a unified IT platform
30
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that eliminates geographic redundancy through central-
ization can lead to substantial savings. This is an effort
that the head of IT operations, working with the CFO’s
office, can drive. Expect to realize knock-on savings in
other operations areas, too, such as real estate and
facili- ties costs.
31
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get the biggest boosts from improving long-term IT
costs at user and transaction levels, optimizing costs to
inte- grate acquired entities, and prepping IT systems
and platforms for planned initiatives. This supports
sustain- able competitive advantage that CFOs will
appreciate, and seek to exploit.
32
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» Better workforce planning, identifying where
workforce gaps exist when considering new
business models
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into analyses of operational performance to assess their
financial impact.
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strategy plans and objectives, too. Also, new systems
make things easier for end users, even those lacking
for- mal training in data or analytics. Self-service
dashboards and simple query tools help HR and
finance workers ask better questions and get more
accurate answers.
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With finance and operations working together well, the
two groups don’t just accommodate change and thrive in
uncertain times. They can also unlock new business
opportunities.
36
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When resilience is established and assured, the organiza-
tion can move to Step 3. That’s when input from all
stakeholders and users helps to identify and pursue new
opportunities. This input will do more than simply per-
mit the organization to carry on; it can make the organi-
zation stronger, more competitive, and more profitable.
37
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IN THIS CHAPTER
» Automating tasks and
process completions to
reduce errors
» Using data for analytics and
personalization
» Mobilizing employees on any
device
» Using AI to gain insights and
spur innovation
» Using cutting-edge tools to
increase employee productivity
Chapter
4
Leveraging Next-
Gen Technologies
N
ext-generation technologies such as artificial
intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and
bots are delivering measurable payoffs for those
organizations that put them to work. A 2020 Enterprise
Strategy Group study surveyed 700 finance and
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39
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operations managers who regularly use enterprise
resource planning (ERP). They say payoffs come in many
ways, including the following:
40
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Automating Tasks and
Processes
Automation is a key enabler of modern business pro-
cesses. It turns sequences of actions and inputs into
repeatable, reusable instructions to perform specific
tasks or to manage workflows and processes without
requiring human intervention or action. Automation
confers key benefits that explain its widespread and
enthusiastic use, namely:
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Automation records all the information it needs to per-
form tasks or execute workflows and processes. When
invoked, automation plays everything back, precisely and
quickly, to get things done. So, automation works well
to handle tactical, day-in/day-out tasks that range from
collecting data, to running reports, to performing analy-
ses, to setting up and running batch jobs, to handling
administrative tasks, and a great deal more.
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42
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Exchange Commission [SEC] filings) and gain
insight into sustainability and quality of finan-
cial results.
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43
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» Compliance and risk management: Automation
changes how organizations manage risk. It can
analyze reams of data and spot potential
problems as they happen.
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44
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self-service analytics to drive independent discovery and
intelligent collaboration. Organizations must learn how
to extract business value from data and get it to the
front lines. This means moving analytics out of the back
office and into workers’ hands. Data must be
contextualized for the applications, activities, and
devices that people use daily. Then it can provide
timely insight to inform busi- ness decisions, automate
workflows and business pro- cesses, and recommend
proper and productive actions.
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If employees can’t do that, their productivity is compro-
mised. Worse yet, such employees are unlikely to stick
around to fill their roles and get work done if they can’t be
completely mobile.
46
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supply-chain management. Likewise, such assistants can
provide 24x7 security and audit monitoring as well.
48
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IN THIS CHAPTER
» Improving and innovating
at every opportunity
» Managing change across many
fronts
» Realigning business processes
to keep current
» Accommodating next-gen
technologies
Chapter
Forever Modern
5
W
hen it comes to business modernization, rest-
ing on one’s laurels — or anything else for
that matter — isn’t really an option. There’s
always another new technology emerging, and often
what it brings to your organization will be too good to
pass up. That speaks to staying modern by incorporating
and accommodating new technologies as they come
along.
49
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capabilities can do than simply incorporating
irresistible new high-tech tidbits. Staying modern with
cloud-based applications changes the dynamics on
traditional views of the software development life cycle.
That new dynamic means embracing the new, as part of
a continuous improvement philosophy. This chapter
explains what properly drives the impetus not just to
achieve modern- ization, but to stay modern from now
on.
Focusing on Continuous
Improvement and Innovation
Staying modern is really all about continuous improve-
ment, so systems never go stale or get past their expira-
tion dates. From the user’s perspective, such systems
keep changing and evolving to get better faster, do more,
and become more efficient.
50
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Seen from a business user’s perspective, the system is
updated on a regular basis, so it benefits from new fea-
tures and improved security on an ongoing basis. Users
can focus on doing their jobs and be happy to take advan-
tage of new features and functions and top-notch
security.
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Keeping Up with Change
The best modern cloud ERP releases follow a quarterly
update cadence. This helps the back office keep up with
technology change and ensures data and applications
stay safe and secure. Users will want to push these out as
soon as their internal testing and validation regimens
allow.
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Making Processes Modern
With a modern cloud-based ERP solution on tap, organi-
zations can also continue to improve their financial pro-
cesses. This means that, finally, they can get past
common stumbling blocks, including the following:
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53
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How do they get past these hurdles? For one thing, rapid
and reliable automation replaces slow, error-prone man-
ual processes when modern cloud-based ERP is available.
For another, consolidating multiple, disparate ERP sys-
tems into a single, globally accessible cloud-based ERP
makes it easier to build apps based on a single source of
truth for financial data and analyses. Overall, this
approach frees up incredibly valuable time so that CFOs
and finance team members can concentrate on business
strategy rather than tactical tasks and basic accounting
issues. A single, global cloud-based ERP environment
provides a complete solution for all data handling needs.
Intelligent automation relieves the tedium and does away
with staff involvement in routine tactical tasks. Finally, a
flexible, easily updated environment provides a platform
that can readily accommodate change (and even, next-
generation technologies) to help the organization main-
tain its competitive advantage.
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Inside the organization, new features need
executive and stakeholder buy-in. The same
kinds of planning, education, and by-
the-numbers involvement from such people
applies as much to ongoing improvements as
it does to initial investment, launch, and
wholesale adoption. New features and func-
tions may need review from stakeholders to
make sure they use their capabilities to best
advantage. Work with your champions to
provide payback and return on investment
(ROI) information.
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enhancements work?” Experience teaches that CxO
champions will be interested when changes have strate-
gic implications. Primarily, however, changes will be of
greatest interest to department or function champions
whose productivity and innovation opportunities may
benefit.
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IN THIS CHAPTER
» Benefitting from a single
source of truth
» Making the most of cloud-based
ERP
Chapter
6
Ten Solid
ERP
Benefits
E very For Dummies book ends with a Part of Tens
chapter. It covers the key messages from this book
and delivers important takeaways to its readers.
Here it comes!
From Patchwork
to Single Source
Business modernization delivers tremendous benefits to
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organizations. It demands deep involvement from IT,
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development, operations, and business/departmental lead-
ers and stakeholders. Things go best with enthusiastic
buy- in from executive staff — from CxO offices all the
way to the very top of the organization — along with
support from business owners, stakeholders, and other
key players.
Other Benefits
of Modern ERP
Beyond the confidence and trust that a single source of
truth enables, modern cloud-based ERP offers a legion
of other benefits. These include at least the following:
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use is strictly prohibited.
» Modern ERP includes a set of core constructs for business
information so that business processes
work properly and predictably across and between business
departments.
59
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use is strictly prohibited.
tactical tasks so that they concentrate on innova- tion and
improvement.
60
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use is strictly prohibited.
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