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Motion - Short Notes

The document discusses key concepts related to motion including scalar and vector quantities, distance, displacement, speed, velocity, uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and velocity, acceleration, types of acceleration, graphical representation of motion through distance-time and velocity-time graphs, equations of motion, and uniform circular motion.

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alok.coding123
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47 views

Motion - Short Notes

The document discusses key concepts related to motion including scalar and vector quantities, distance, displacement, speed, velocity, uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and velocity, acceleration, types of acceleration, graphical representation of motion through distance-time and velocity-time graphs, equations of motion, and uniform circular motion.

Uploaded by

alok.coding123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class 9th

PHYSICS
MOTION
Motion
An object is said to be in the state of motion if it changes its position with respect to time and its surroundings.

Rest
An object is said to be in the state of rest if it does not change its position with respect to time and its surroundings.

Scalar Quantities
Physical quantities having magnitude but no direction are called scalar quantities. e.g., distance, speed.

Vector Quantities
Physical quantities having both magnitude and direction are called vector quantities. e.g., displacement, velocity.

Distance
• The actual path or length travelled by an object during its journey from its initial position to its final
position is called the distance.
• Distance is a scalar quantity.
• Distance can never be negative.
• S.I Unit is “metre”

Displacement
• It is the shortest distance between the initial and final position of an object.
• Displacement is a vector quantity.
• Displacement can be positive, negative or zero.
• S.I Unit is “metre”.

Uniform Motion
When a body travels equal distance in equal interval of time, then the motion is said to be uniform motion.

Non uniform motion


When a body travels equal distance in an unequal interval of time or unequal distance in equal interval of time, then
the motion is said to be non uniform motion.

Speed
• The measurement of distance travelled by a body per unit time is called speed.
• Speed = Distance travelled / Time taken
• Speed is a scalar quantity.
• S.I Unit is m/s.

Velocity
• It is the speed of a body in a given direction.
• Velocity = Displacement / Time
• Velocity is a vector quantity.
• S.I unit is m/s.
Average Speed
• The total distance travelled divided by the total time taken is called average speed.
• Average speed = Total distance travelled / Total time taken
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Average Velocity
• Average Velocity is defined as the total displacement travelled by the body in time t.
• If final Velocity “V” and Initial velocity “U” are known-
U+V
Vav =
2
Acceleration
• The rate of change of velocity is called acceleration.
• It is a vector quantity.
• S.I unit is ms-2

Types of acceleration
1. Positive Acceleration: Acceleration is said to be positive if velocity of an object increases with time.
2. Negative acceleration: Acceleration is said to be negative if velocity of an object decreases with time.
3. Zero acceleration: Acceleration is said to be zero if velocity of an object remains constant with time.

Graphical representation of Motion


Distance-Time Graph
• Distance-Time graphs show the change in the position of an object with respect to time.
• Linear variation implies uniform motion and non-linear variations imply non-uniform motion.
• The slope gives us speed.

Velocity-Time Graph
• Velocity-Time graphs show the change in velocity with respect to time.
• Slope gives acceleration.
• The area under the curve gives displacement.
• Line parallel to the x-axis implies constant velocity.

Equations of Motion
The motion of an object moving at uniform acceleration can be described with the help of three equations, namely
(i) v = u + at
(ii) v2 – u2 = 2as
(iii) s = ut + (½)at2
where u is the initial velocity, v is the final velocity, t is the time, a is the acceleration and s is the displacement.

Uniform Circular Motion


• If an object moves in a circular path with uniform speed, its motion is called uniform circular motion.
• Velocity changes as direction keeps changing.
• Acceleration is constant.

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