UNIT-4 Economics

CHAPTER
THE STORY

15
Syllabus l Overview;
l Farming
OF VILLAGE
PALAMPUR
in Palampur;
l
l
(To be assessed as part of periodic assessment only)

Organization of Production
Non-farm Activities in Palampur

TOPIC - 1
Organization of Production
Topic-1 Organization of Production .... P. 1

TOPIC - 2
Farming in Palampur .... P. 5

TOPIC - 3
Revision Notes Non-Farming Activities in
Palampur .... P. 12
 Palampur is well-connected with neighbouring villages and towns. This
village has about 450 families belonging to several different castes.
 Farming is the main activity in Palampur, whereas several other activities such as small scale manufacturing,
dairy, transport, etc. are carried out on a limited scale. These production activities need various types of resources
— natural resources, man made items, human effort, money, etc.
Organization of Production
 The aim of production is to produce the goods and services that we want.
 There are four requirements for production of goods and services:
l Land: This category includes land and other natural resources such as water, forests and minerals.
l Labour: People who do the work for others. Some production activities require highly educated workers to
perform the necessary tasks. Other activities require workers who can do manual work.
l Physical capital: This refers to the variety of inputs required at every stage during production. Tools,
machines, buildings (fixed capital) and raw materials and money in hand (working capital) come under
physical capital.
l Human capital: Human capital is the economic value of a worker’s experience skill and knowledge.
 Every production is organized by combining land, labour, physical capital and human capital, which are known
as factors of production.

Key Words
 Capital: It is the form of money or assets, taken as a sign of the financial strength of an individual and assumed
to be available for development or investment.
 Fixed capital: The part of physical capital which can be used in the process of production over many years and
cannot be altered in short periods. Tools, machines, buildings can be used in production over many years, and
are called fixed capital.
 Working capital: Raw materials and money in hand are known as working capital.
2 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, SOCIAL SCIENCE, Class-IX
 THE STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR 3

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (1 mark each)

Multiple Choice Questions Assertion and Reason

Q. 1. Farmer’s plough is an example of which factor of Directions: In the following questions, a statement
production? A of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(A) Natural resource (B) Fixed physical capital
(C) Human capital (D) Variable capital (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true,
and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Ans. Option (B) is correct.
Assertion (A).
Explanation: Farmer’s plough is used maximum
before sowing the crop and can also be used again (B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true,
and again for growing crops. but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation
Q. 2. What is the aim of production?  E of Assertion (A).
(A) To earn money (C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(B) To keep ourselves busy (D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
(C) Produce goods and services as per the demand Q. 1. Assertion (A): The aim of production is to produce
(D) To advertise new products the goods and services that we want.  U
Ans. Option (C) is correct. Reason (R): There are four requirements for
Explanation: Advertise new product is the main production of goods and services.
aim of production because it helps to aware the Ans. Option (A) is correct.
customers about the new launched product and
Q. 2. Assertion (A): Raw materials and money in hand
encourage them to buy the goods and services.
are called working capital.
Q. 3. What is the prime requirement for production of
goods and services?  A Reason (R): Money is always required during
production to make payments and buy other
(A) Land
necessary items.
(B) Willingness to work
Ans. Option (A) is correct.
(C) Market
Explanation: Money in hand and Raw materials are
(D) Aim
called working capital because raw material is used
Ans. Option (A) is correct.
for day to day production and money is used to
Explanation: For production of goods and services,
make the payments against production or buying
the prime requirement is factors of production i.e.,
any good.
land, labour and capital.

SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Short Answer Type Questions (3 marks each)

Q. 1. Explain any three requirements for production of (iii) Capital: It is a part which is invested. There are
goods and services. U two types of capital namely physical and working
[Board Term I, 2015] capital.
OR (iv) Entrepreneurs: The person who is taking risk
Explain the four factors of production. Which is known as an entrepreneur. Without an
factor is most scarce and why?[Board Term I, 2015] entrepreneur land, labour and capital are useless.
OR  (Any three)
What are the four requirements for production? [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] (1×3=3)
Explain the importance of any one of these.
Ans. Following are the factors responsible for produc-
tion: Commonly Made Error
(i) Land: It is a free gift of nature and it is neither
created nor destroyed. Students sometimes forget four factors of
production.
(ii) Labour: It is a factor which helps in production.
There are three types of labour—skilled, semi-
skilled and unskilled.
4 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, SOCIAL SCIENCE, Class-IX

Human capital includes farmers, factory workers,

Answering Tip engineers, etc. (1+1+1=3)

Students must memorize and mention the four

factors of production, i.e., land, labour, capital Commonly Made Error
and entrepreneur.
Q. 2. Explain any three differences between physical Students tend to confuse between physical and
capital and human capital. U
human capital.
Ans. Differences:
(i) Physical capital has variety of inputs, while human
capital is labour, using those inputs. Answering Tip
(ii) Tools, machines can be used over the years, while
human capital can produce an output only if they Students should learn the differences between
have experience. the two with respect to machines in physical
(iii) Example: Physical capital includes tools, machines, capital and humans in human capital.
generators, etc.

Long Answer Type Questions (5 marks each)

Q. 1. Describe the infrastructural development in (v) Many people are engaged in non-farming
Palampur. How does it support the various
activities such as dairy farming, manufacturing,
occupations ? U [Board Term I, 2016]
shop keeping, transport, poultry farming,
Ans. (i) Palampur is a village with fairly well- educational activities, etc. Farmers can take up
developed system of road, transport, electricity, these kinds of occupations when they do not
irrigation, school and health centre. Most of the have much work to do on farms or if they are
houses have electric connections. Electricity jobless. This will help to improve their economic
provides power to all the tube wells in the fields conditions. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
and is used in various types of small businesses. (1 × 5 = 5)
(ii) To educate the children, primary as well as high
schools have been built by government. There is
one primary health centre run by the government Commonly Made Error
and one private dispensary where the sick are
Instead of focusing on infrastructural
treated. Different types of production activities development, some students focus on
such as farming, small scale manufacturing, agricultural development only.
transport, shop keeping etc. are carried out by the
people of that village.
(iii) Farming is the main production activity in Answering Tip
Palampur. 75 percent of the people are dependent
on farming for their livelihood. During the rainy Students should learn that Palampur is a well
season (Kharif), farmers grow Jowar and Bajra. developed village and farming is it’s main
occupation.
These plants are used as cattle feed. It is followed
by cultivation of Potato between October and Q. 2. Explain the four requirements for production of
December. In the winter season (Rabi), fields are goods and services. Explain the importance of any
sown with Wheat. The wheat produced is used one. U [Board Term I, 2015]
for the farmer’s family and to sell the surplus Ans. Refer Short Answer Type Q. 1. for 1st part.
wheat at the market at Raiganj. Importance of human capital:
(iv) Sugarcane is harvested once every year. (i) Human capital is the most important requirement
Sugarcane, in its raw form or as Jaggery, is sold as it can make use of other capitals.
to traders in Shahpur. Farmers are able to grow (ii) Knowledge and enterprise are used to put together
three different crops in a year in Palampur due land, labour and physical capital and produce an
to well-developed system of irrigation and output. (3 + 2 = 5)
electricity facility.
 THE STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR 5
Q. 3. Explain the meaning of ‘Physical Capital’. Explain educated workers to perform the necessary task.
its two types with the help of suitable example. R Other activities require manual work. Each worker
[Board Term I 2014] provides the labour necessary for production.
(ii) Human Capital: We need knowledge and
Ans. Physical capital is the variety of inputs required
enterprise to be able to put together land, labour
at every stage during production.
and physical capital and produce an output. This
Physical capital is divided into two types:
is called human capital. (1+2+2=5)
(i) Fixed Capital: Tools, machines and building, etc.,
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
are called fixed capitals. Tools and machines range
from very simple tools such as a farmer’s plough Q. 5. Explain the economic conditions of the village
to sophisticated, machines such as generators, Palampur. U
computers, etc. They are called fixed as they can Ans. Economic conditions of the village Palampur:
be used for many years. (i) Palampur village has about 450 families belonging
(ii) Working Capital: Production requires a variety of to several different castes. The 80 upper-caste
raw materials such as the yarn used by the weaver families own the majority of the land in the village.
and the clay used by the potter. Also, some (ii) Some of the houses are quite large and are made of
money is always required during production to brick with cement plastering.
make payments and buy other necessary items. (iii) The SCs comprise one-third of the population and
In this way, raw materials and money in hand are live in one corner of the village and in much smaller
called working capital. houses, some of which are made up of mud and
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014] (5) straw.
(iv) Most of the houses are having electricity connection.
Electricity powers all the tube wells in the fields and
Commonly Made Error is used in various types of small businesses.
(v) Palampur has two primary schools and one high
Many students are not aware about classification
of physical capital. school. There is a primary health centre run by the
government and one private dispensary where the
sick people are treated.  (1 × 5 = 5)
Answering Tip
Commonly Made Error
Students should learn the classification of
physical capital with the help of flowchart. Few students explain economic activities of the
village rather than economic conditions.
Q. 4. What is the aim of production? Explain labour and
human capital as the requirements for production
of goods and services. U Answering Tip
Ans. The aim of production is to produce the goods and
services that satisfy our needs. Students should know the difference between
(i) Labour: Some production activities require highly economic conditions and economic activities.

Topic-2 Farming in Palampur

Revision Notes

 Land is fixed
 75 per cent of the people of Palampur are dependent on farming for their livelihood.
 The well-being of these people is closely related to production on the farms.
 But one of the main problems of the Palampur village is that the land area under cultivation is practically
fixed. Since 1960 in Palampur, there has been no expansion in land area under cultivation.
 By then, some of the wastelands in the village had been converted to cultivable land.
 Is there a way one can grow more from the same land?
6 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, SOCIAL SCIENCE, Class-IX

 All land is cultivated in Palampur. No land is left idle.

 During the Rainy season (Kharif) farmers grow Jowar and Bajra. These plants are used as cattle feed.
 It is followed by cultivation of potato between October and December. In the winter season (rabi), fields are
sown with wheat. From the wheat produced, farmers keep enough wheat for the family’s consumption and
sell the surplus wheat at the market at Raiganj.
 A part of the land area is also devoted to sugarcane which is harvested once every year.
 All farmers in Palampur grow at least two main crops; many are growing potato as the third crop in the past
fifteen to twenty years.

 Will the land sustain?

 Land being a natural resource, it is necessary to be very careful in its use.
 The modern farming methods have overused the natural resource base.
 In many areas, the Green Revolution is associated with the loss of soil fertility due to increased use of chemical
fertilizers.
 Continuous use of groundwater for tube well irrigation has reduced the water table below the ground.
 Chemical fertilizers provide minerals which dissolve in water and are immediately available to plants. But
these may not be retained in the soil for long. They may escape from the soil and pollute groundwater, rivers
and lakes.
 Chemical fertilizers can also kill bacteria and other microorganisms in the soil.
 Therefore, soil becomes less fertile and degraded by overusing of chemical fertilizers.

 How is land distributed among the farmers of Palampur?

 All the people engaged in agriculture do not have sufficient land for cultivation in Palampur.
 In Palampur, about one third of the 450 families are landless, i.e. 150 families, most of them are dalits, who
have no land for cultivation.
 Of the remaining families who own land, 240 families cultivate on small plots of land which are less than 2
hectares in size.
 The large number of small plots scattered around the village are cultivated by the small farmers.
 On the other hand, in Palampur, there are 60 families of medium and large farmers who cultivate on more
than 2 hectares of land. A few of the large farmers have land extending over 10 hectares or more.
 Who will provide the labour?
 Small farmers along with their families cultivate their own field. Thus, they provide the labour required for
farming themselves.
 Medium and large farmers hire farm labourers to work on their fields.
 Farm labourers come either from landless families or families cultivating small plots of land.
 A farm labourer might be employed on a daily basis, or for one particular farm activity like harvesting, or for
the entire year.
 The capital needed in farming:
 Most of the small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for the capital. They borrow from large farmers
or the village moneylenders or the traders.
 Since the rate of interest on such loans is very high, they are put to great distress to repay the loan.
 The medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. They are thus able to arrange for the
capital needed.
 Sale of surplus farm products:
 The farmers retain a part of the wheat for the family’s consumption and sell the surplus.
 The traders at the market buy the crop and sell it further to shopkeepers in the towns and cities.
 The large farmers are able to sell the entire produced crop at the market and earn good income.
 Punjab: Punjab is known as the “Granary of India” due to its highly fertile soil. The state has a good irrigation
system and receives sufficient rainfall, making it an ideal place for growing wheat, rice, maize, cotton, and
vegetables. The government has also introduced various schemes to encourage farmers to adopt modern
technologies and agricultural practices. The overuse of chemical fertilizers has resulted in high agricultural
productivity. However, the state is facing environmental challenges such as water-logging, salinization of the soil,
and excessive use of chemical fertilizers that have led to soil degradation.
 THE STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR 7
 Maharashtra: Maharashtra is one of the most agriculturally diverse regions in the country, with a wide range of
crops being grown. The state has a good irrigation network, but its agriculture is heavily dependent on monsoon
rains. The state is also affected by regular droughts, water scarcity, and inadequate credit facilities for farmers.
 Kerala: Kerala is known for its varied agriculture and horticulture products such as rubber, coconut, tea, coffee,
and spices. The state has a favourable climate and abundant rainfall, but the small landholdings and shrinking
agricultural land have led to declining farm productivity. Additionally, the high cost of agricultural inputs like
fertilizers and pesticides, along with labour shortages, has led to high production costs.
 Rajasthan: Rajasthan is a predominantly an arid state and suffers from water scarcity and soil erosion issues.
It relies on canal irrigation and has low agricultural productivity compared to other states of India. The region
mostly grows crops like wheat, maize, and gram. However, the state has been making efforts to promote
innovation in farming, organic farming, and the use of local crops.
 Tamil Nadu: Tamil Nadu is another agriculture-diverse state of India, with a diverse range of crops being grown.
The state has a well-developed irrigation system, good access to finance for farmers, and adequate market
infrastructure. However, the state is experiencing severe water shortages due to depletion of groundwater
resources and over-extraction of water resources.
 Overall, the prevailing farming conditions in different states of India are influenced by varying factors such as
soil type, climate, water availability, and agricultural practices. Each state has its unique set of challenges and
opportunities that influence agricultural output and productivity.
Analyse and infer how the prevailing farming conditions impact economic development of different states
 The economic development of states is heavily influenced by the prevailing farming conditions. A state that has
favourable farming conditions usually experiences robust economic growth through agriculture-based activities
such as crop production, livestock farming, and fisheries. These economic activities not only provide food and
raw materials for industrial manufacturing but also create employment opportunities for farmers, traders, and
agricultural workers.
 On the other hand, states with unfavourable farming conditions may struggle to achieve economic development.
For instance, inadequate rainfall, poor soil quality, and extreme weather conditions such as floods, droughts, and
hurricanes can affect crop yields and livestock production, leading to low agricultural productivity and income.
This, in turn, can translate to high poverty levels, food insecurity, and reduced economic growth.
 States with favourable conditions for cash crops like coffee, tea, cocoa and cashew may have a comparative
advantage over other states that specialize in subsistence crops. This can lead to the development of export-
oriented agriculture, which can fuel economic growth through foreign exchange earnings.
 In conclusion, the prevailing farming conditions have a great impact on the economic development of different
states. Favourable farming conditions can boost agriculture-based economic activities, leading to job creation,
income generation, and poverty reduction. On the other hand, unfavourable farming conditions can lead to low
productivity, weak economic growth, and high poverty levels. Therefore, governments should formulate policies
and interventions to improve farming conditions, increase agricultural productivity, and promote economic
growth and development.

Key Terms
 Irrigation: Supply of water to agriculture from canals, wells and tube wells artificially or manually.

Example
Why do modern farming methods require more manpower is required which need more
capital? Explain. investments.
Ans. Step III: In modern farming methods, HYV seeds
Step I: In traditional method, the farmers use cow- are used which require more irrigation.
dung as natural fertilizer, which they do not need Step IV: Modern farming methods need inputs like
to buy while chemical fertilizers need more cash to
chemical fertilizers, pesticides, tractors, etc. which
buy from the market. Hence, farmers need more
capital to purchase them. are manufactured in industry. So, they require the
farmer to start with more cash than before.
Step II: Modern farming is machine-oriented.
To operate the machines, semi-skilled or skilled
8 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, SOCIAL SCIENCE, Class-IX

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (1 mark each)

Multiple Choice Questions Assertion and Reason

Q. 1. Which Rabi crop is grown during the winter Directions: In the following questions, a statement
season?  R of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(A) Rice (B) Wheat
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true,
(C) Millets (D) Maize
and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Ans. Option (B) is correct.
Assertion (A).
Explanation: Wheat requires dry and sunny climate
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true,
and maximum 20 to 25 degree temperature.
but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation
Q. 2. During which season do farmers of Palampur
R of Assertion (A).
grow Jowar and Bajra?
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(A) Winter (B) Summer
(C) Rainy (D) Spring (D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Ans. Option (C) is correct. Q. 1. Assertion (A): 75 per cent of the people who
Explanation: Jowar and Bajra are rain fed crops are working are dependent on farming for their
which require less water at the time of growing. livelihood.  U
Q. 3. Which is the basic constraint in raising farm Reason (R): Farming is the main production
production?  U
activity in Palampur.
(A) Land is fixed Ans. Option (A) is correct.
(B) Land is variable Explanation: Palampur does not have any big
(C) Farmers lack knowledge industries. Its sole economic activity is farming. All
(D) Lack of money the people in Palampur are dependant on farming.
Ans. Option (A) is correct. Q. 2. Assertion (A): Farming requires a great deal of
Explanation: It is easy at the basic constraint in hard work. Small farmers along with their families
raising farm production if the farmer have the fined cultivate their own fields.  E
piece of land. Reason (R): After land, labor is the next necessary
Q. 4. Why do some states specialize in the production of factor of production.
certain crops?
Ans. Option (A) is correct.
(A) Because of favorable weather conditions
Explanation: Farming is not an easy task. It requires
(B) Because of the availability of irrigation
a great amount of hard work and presence of
(C) Because of government subsidies
mind. The cultivated land needs to be looked after
(D) Because of low market demand
constantly. A farmer must always be vigilant about
Ans. Option (A) is correct.
giving water and fertilizers to the crops. A small
Explanation: There are variety of crops are available
mistake may lead to the bigger consequences.
with different climatic conditions.
Hence, farming requires ample labour.
Q. 5. What is the impact of drought on farming in a
state? Q. 3. Assertion (A): Most small farmers have to borrow
(A) Reduced crop yields money to arrange for the capital. They borrow
(B) Increased use of irrigation from large farmers or the village moneylenders
(C) Increased pest and disease pressure or the traders who supply various inputs for
cultivation.  U
(D) All of the above
Ans. Option (D) is correct. Reason (R): The rate of interest on such loans is
Explanation: Due to drought, land became dry and very high. They are put to great distress to repay
needs more water to get its fertility back, the musk the loan.
of pests and crop diseases also increased and it also Ans. Option (B) is correct.
decline the fielding of crops. Explanation: The modern farming methods require
a great deal of capital, so that the farmer now needs
more money than before.
 THE STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR 9

SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Very Short Answer Type Questions (2 marks each)

Q. 1. Describe any two ways to grow more on the same farming. Most of them even use these earnings to
piece of land. R provide loans to small farmers. By charging high
Ans. The different ways to grow more on the same rates of interest on these loans, they succeed in
piece of land are: furthering their earnings.  2
(i) With the help of a well-developed irrigation Q. 4. Mention two characteristics of traditional method
system. of farming. E
(ii) With the aid of electric-run tube wells.
Ans. Two characteristics of traditional method of
(iii) By growing more than one crop on a piece of land
farming are as follows:
during the year. (Multiple cropping)
(iv) By using modern farming methods. (i) Traditional seeds with low yield were used.
 (Any Two Points) (1 x 2 = 2) (ii) Cow-dung and natural manures were used.
Q. 2. How did the people of Palampur enhance their (iii) Less irrigation was required.
production? Explain any two ways. R  (Any Two Points) (1 x 2 = 2)

Ans. (i) Multiple cropping: To grow more than one Q. 5. How do small farmers obtain capital for farming?
crop on the same piece of land. Even a third crop What is its consequence? Explain. U
like potato was also grown. Ans. Most small farmers have to borrow money to
(ii) Use of modern farming methods: Use of HYV arrange for the capital. They borrow from large
seeds and chemical fertilizers.  (1 x 2 = 2) farmers or the moneylenders or the traders who
supply various inputs for cultivation.
Q. 3. How do the medium and large farmers obtain
capital for farming? U Consequence:
The rate of interest on such loans is very high. The
Ans. Medium and large farmers retain a part of their
small farmers are put to great distress to repay the
produce and sell the surplus in the market. This
loan.(1+1=2)
provides them with the required capital for

Short Answer Type Questions (3 marks each)

Q. 1. What factors have led to the reduction of water Q. 2. What are the four methods of farming which
level in Palampur? R [Board Term I, 2016] heralded the Green Revolution? Write one harmful
Ans. (i) Continuous use of water for tube well irrigation effect of Green Revolution. U
has decreased the water level in Palampur. [Board Term I, 2016, 2014]
(ii) Water table once reduced is difficult to improve, OR
thus the height of the water level cannot be Describe any four modern methods of farming
increased here. 1½+1½=3 which heralded the Green Revolution. Write one
harmful effect of the Green Revolution.
Commonly Made Error [Board Term I, 2014]
Ans. Modern methods of farming are:
Some of the students were not aware of the (i)
Multiple cropping
causes of decline of water level. (ii)
Fertilizers and HYV seeds
(iii)Irrigation
(iv)Farm machinery
Answering Tip Harmful Impact:
(i) Fertilizers pollute the ground water.
Students should know that continuous use of (ii) Chemical fertilizers kill the micro-organisms in
pump for irrigation has lowered the water level the soil. (Any one) (4 × ½+1=3)
in Palampur. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
10 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, SOCIAL SCIENCE, Class-IX

(i) Well–developed system of irrigation.

Commonly Made Error (ii) Continuous supply of electricity.
(iii) Introduction of multiple cropping.
Students were unable to mention the harmful (iv) Modern farming methods.
impact of Green Revolution. (v) The use of HYV seeds introduced to the farmers
during the Green Revolution. (Any three) (1×3=3)
Q. 5. What are the sources of irrigation in Palampur? R
Answering Tip
Ans. Sources of irrigation in Palampur:
(i) Persian wheels are the sources of irrigation in this part.
Students should understand the concept of
(ii) Well is also a frequently used source of irrigation.
Green Revolution by heart.
(iii) Tube wells are also an important source of irrigation.
Q. 3. What is meant by Green Revolution? Name any Electricity helps in running these types of sources.
two states which were first to try out the modern (1×3=3)
farming methods in India. R
Q. 6. What are some of the environmental challenges
[Board Term I, 2015]
faced by Punjab’s agriculture?
Ans. Green Revolution means:
Ans. Punjab’s agriculture is facing environmental
Introduction of HYV seeds for cultivation of
challenges such as water-logging, salinisation of
wheat and rice.
the soil, and excessive use of chemical fertilizers
(i) Increased use of fertilizers.
that have led to soil degradation.
(ii) Better irrigation facilities.
States : Punjab, Haryana, Western U.P. (2+1=3) Q. 7. How does Maharashtra’s agriculture differ from
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] that of Punjab?

Q. 4. How farmers are able to grow three different crops Ans. Maharashtra’s agriculture is more diverse than
in a year in Palampur? Explain any three reasons. Punjab’s, with a wide range of crops being grown.
Maharashtra’s agriculture is heavily dependent
U [DDE-2014]
on monsoon rains, while Punjab has a good
OR
irrigation system. Additionally, Maharashtra
Why are farmers of Palampur able to grow different
faces environmental challenges such as regular
crops in a year? Explain.
droughts, water scarcity, and inadequate credit
Ans. Farmers of Palampur are able to grow three
facilities for farmers that affect its agriculture.
different crops in a year because of the following
reasons :

Long Answer Type Questions (5 marks each)

Q. 1. How has electricity become the base of all

Ans. Significant increase in agriculture production after
economic and non- economic activities in rural
1967–1968 due to the adoption of new agriculture
areas? U [Board Term 1, 2016]
strategy which implied a simultaneous use of
Ans. Electricity has become the base of all economic and
better and modern agriculture inputs is termed
non-economic activities in rural areas especially
as the Green Revolution.
for agriculture in the following manner:
M.S. Swaminathan and his team also contributed
(i) With electricity, tube wells can be run to meet the
towards the success of the Green Revolution in
demand of water.
India.
(ii) Mechanical inputs like threshing machine, etc. can
easily be managed. Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh are the main
(iii) Farmers could use internet to find the best prices regions where the Green Revolution was started.
of their crop for non-farm activities. Difference between the Green Revolution and
(iv) This could attract many entrepreneurs to set up traditional farming:
industries over here. (i) The Green Revolution refers to the use of
(v) With such combination facilities, life could become chemical fertilizers, technology, high-yielding
easier. 1x5=5 variety seeds which are genetically engineered.
Q. 2. Define Green Revolution. How is Green Traditional farming emphasizes the use of natural
Revolution different from traditional farming? U seeds and fertilizers.
[DDE Term I, 2014] (ii) Till the mid 1960s, the seeds used in cultivation
were traditional ones, with relatively low yields.
 THE STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR 11

(iii) Traditional seeds needed less irrigation. Farmers

used cow dung and other natural manure as Answering Tip
fertilizers.
(iv) All these were readily available with the farmers Students should know that electricity helps in
who did not have to buy them. irrigation, run small business and in domestic
(v) The Green Revolution in the late 1960s introduced works like running fans and lighting light.
the Indian farmer to cultivation of Wheat and Rice Q. 4. What is land? Suggest any three ways to sustain
using High-Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of seeds land. U
(vi) Compared to the traditional seeds, the HYV seeds Ans. Land is the basic natural, resource required as a
promised to produce much greater amounts of factor or an input in any production activity.
grain on a single plant. As a result, the same piece (i) Land is a free gift of nature. So, it is necessary
of land would now produce far larger quantities that we should be very careful in its use.
of food grains than was possible earlier. HYV (ii) Soil is a vital part of land and the basis of
agricultural activities. So, it becomes necessary
seeds, however, needed plenty of water and also
that we should use bio- compost and eco-
chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce best
friendly methods in place of using chemical
results. (Any three) (2+3=5) fertilizers and pesticides.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014] (iii) Modern farming methods are used scientifically
in such a way that the natural resource base
that the land provides is saved from further
Commonly Made Error damage.
(iv) Some farming practices can, if used carefully
Many students are not able to clearly explain and judiciously, certainly help in making land
the differences between Green Revolution and sustainable. Such practices include intensity of
traditional farming. cropping, rotation of crops, multiple cropping,
fallowing, etc. (1 + 4 = 5)
Q. 5. How do large farmers utilise surplus farm products
Answering Tip to arrange for the capital needed for farming? A
Ans. (i) The large farmers generally sell the surplus
Students should remember the differences on farm products and have good earnings.
the basis of the key words.
(ii) They put most of their earnings or money in
Q. 3. How did the spread of electricity help farmers in their bank accounts and get adequate interest
Palampur? [Board Term I, 2013] on the same.
OR (iii) A part of their earnings is saved and kept to
State any three benefits of the spread of electricity arrange for the working capital for farming in
in Palampur. U the next season.
Ans. The spread of electricity has helped the farmers (iv) They also use savings for lending to small
of Palampur village in the following ways: farmers and other persons in the village.
(i) Electricity has transformed the system of irrigation. (v) A part of their earnings is used to increase their
(ii) Electricity is used to run tube wells in the fields. fixed capital like tractor, thresher, cattle, etc.
The Persian wheels are being replaced by tube Q. 6. What are the prevailing weather conditions in each
wells. state, and how do they affect farming practices?
(iii) Electricity is also used to run small businesses. For Ans. The prevailing farming conditions in different
example, sugarcane crushing machine. states of India are influenced by varying factors
(iv) It is also a cheap and pollution-free source of such as soil type, climate, water availability, and
irrigation. agricultural practices. Each state has its unique
(v) Electricity is also used for domestic works like set of challenges and opportunities that influence
running fans and lighting tube lights. (1×5=5) agricultural output and productivity. For example,
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2013] Maharashtra has a good irrigation network but is
heavily dependent on monsoon rains. Kerala has
a favourable climate and abundant rainfall, but
Commonly Made Error the small landholdings and shrinking agricultural
land have led to declining farm productivity.
Mostly students do not mention about the use Punjab is known for its highly fertile soil, good
of electricity in agriculture. irrigation system, and sufficient rainfall making it
12 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, SOCIAL SCIENCE, Class-IX

an ideal place for growing wheat, rice, maize, climate and abundant rainfall. However, the small
cotton, and vegetables. However, the state is landholdings and shrinking agricultural land have
facing environmental challenges such as water- led to declining farm productivity. Additionally,
logging, salinisation of the soil, and excessive the high cost of agricultural inputs like fertilizers
use of chemical fertilizers that have led to soil and pesticides, along with labour shortages, has
degradation. Overall, the prevailing weather led to high production costs. Kerala’s unique
conditions play a crucial role in determining the farming practices include intercropping of crops
farming practices in each state. like coconut with pepper or cocoa and organic
Q. 7. What are some of the unique farming practices in farming practices that minimize the use of chemical
Kerala? fertilizers and pesticides. Additionally, farmers
in Kerala practice agroforestry by growing trees
Ans. Kerala is known for its varied agriculture and alongside crops to provide shade and improve soil
horticulture products such as rubber, coconut, fertility.
tea, coffee, and spices. The state has a favourable

Topic-3 Non- Farming Activities in Palampur

Revision Notes
 Only 25 per cent of the people working in Palampur are engaged in activities other than agriculture.
 Dairy, small-scale manufacturing, shop keeping and transportation are different types of non- farming activities
practiced in the village.
 Dairy is a common activity in many families of Palampur.
 People involved in trade (exchange of goods) are not many in Palampur. The traders of Palampur are shopkeepers
who buy various goods from wholesale markets in the cities and sell them in the village.
 There are variety of vehicles on the road connecting Palampur to Raiganj. Rickshawallahs, tongawallahs, jeep,
tractor, truck drivers and people driving the traditional bullock cart and bogey are people in the transport
services.
 As more villages get connected to towns and cities through roads, transport and telephone, it is possible that the
opportunities for non-farming activities in the village would increase in the coming years.

Key Terms
 Manufacturing: The process through which raw materials are transformed into a final product.
 Yield: Agricultural yield is measured as a crop produced on a given piece of land during single season.
 Non- farming activity: It refers to the activities in a village other than farming. This includes manufacturing and
transportation.

Example
What can be done so that more non- farm Step 2: The villagers who have the impression
production activities can be started in villages? that they can earn only by farming, must be given
Answer proper guidance and help to do such activities.
Step 1: The villagers must be made aware of the Step 3: The government should also set up schemes
non- farm production activities and their benefits. whereby landless labourers and small farmers are
They must also be taught the methods of doing such able to get cheap loans to start small individual/
activities. community businesses.
 THE STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR 13

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (1 mark each)

Multiple Choice Questions Assertion and Reason

Q. 1. Which is a fast-developing sector in Palampur?  In the questions given below, there are two
R statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason
(A) Transport 
(R). Read the statements and choose the correct
(B) Agriculture
option:
(C) Telecommunications
(D) Information Technology (A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
Ans. Option (A) is correct. explanation of (A).
Explanation: Transportation is a fast-developing (B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the
sector in Palampur because their are variety of correct explanation of (A).
vehicles on the road connecting Palampur to (C) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
Raiganj. (D) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Q. 2. Which non-farming activity is common in Q. 1. Assertion (A): Mining is a common activity in
many families of Palampur.  U
Palampur?  R
Reason (R): There are variety of vehicles on the
(A) Harvesting (B) Winnowing
road connecting Palampur to Raiganj.
(C) Dairy farming (D) Planting seeds
Ans. Option (D) is correct.
Ans. Option (C) is correct.
Explanation: Transportation is a fast-developing
Q. 3. How many people in Palampur village are engaged
R sector in Palampur.
in non-farming activities? 
Q. 2. Assertion (A): People feed their buffaloes on
(A) 25% (B) 35%
various kinds of grass and the Jowar and Bajra
(C) 45% (D) 55% U
that grows during the Rainy season.
Ans. Option (A) is correct.
Reason (R): Dairy is a common activity in many
families of Palampur.
Ans. Option (A) is correct.

SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Short Answer Type Questions (3 marks each)

Q. 1. Describe the three features of small-scale Ans. A few non-farming activities that can enhance the
manufacturing as a non-farming activity in production of rural areas are :
Palampur. R [DDE Term 1, 2014] (i) Development of weaving centres.
Ans. Features: (ii) Basic processing of locally found resource – pickle
making.
(i) Small-scale manufacturing in Palampur involved
(iii) Oil pressing mills.
production on a small scale by using simple
(iv) Rope, mat and basket making.
methods. For example, use of sugarcane crushing
(v) Repair of farming machinery, driving schools,
machines to procure jaggery in the field itself.
handicrafts, etc. (Any three) (1 × 3 = 3)
(ii) The production work was mostly carried out
Q. 3. What are non-farming activities? Explain any two
by family members themselves, unlike big non-farming activities taken up by the people of
manufacturing outlets in towns where labourers Palampur village. U
are hired in huge number. Ans. People working in activities other than agriculture
(iii) Very few people in the village were involved in are called non-farming activities.
this sector and because of small-scale production, Two non-farming activities taken up by the people
profit earned was also less. (1 × 3 = 3) of Palampur village:
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014] 1) Transportation
Q. 2. Suggest non- farming activities which can enhance 2) Small-scale manufacturing (1+2=3)
the production of rural areas. A Q. 4. What problems do farm labourers face in terms of
unemployment? Explain any three problems.
[NCT 2014, Term I]
 R
14 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, SOCIAL SCIENCE, Class-IX

Ans. Problems of farm labourers:

(i) They come either from landless families or families Commonly Made Error
cultivating small plots of land.
(ii) They do not have a right over the crops grown on Generally, students write more points than
the land. what is asked in the question.
(iii) They get wages in cash or in kind, e.g., crop.
(iv) Wages vary widely from region to region and from
crop to crop, etc.
Answering Tip
(v) Wide variation in the duration of employment was
Problems should be mentioned as per asked in
also seen. (Any three) (1 × 3 = 3) the question.

Long Answer Type Questions (5 marks each)

Q. 1. Explain the role of infrastructure for the jeep, tractors, truck drivers transport people and
development of the rural economy. U goods. The number of people involved in transport
[Board Term I, 2016] has grown over the last several years.
Ans. Role of infrastructure in the development of (v) Self employment: Many people are self-
economy: employed. They have opened coaching institutes
(i) Electricity provides power to run tube wells and like computer centre, stitching lessons centre over
other agricultural machines. here. Others train more and more people in non-
(ii) Education provides knowledge and technology farm activities. (1 × 5 = 5)
for development of manufacturing industries. [CBSE Marking Scheme 2015]
(iii) Roads provide connectivity with markets. Q. 3. Explain any four efforts which can be made to
(iv) Banks and financial infrastructure provides loan increase non-farming production activities in
facility. villages. U [Board Term I, 2015, 2014]
(v) Insurance and communication provide stability OR
and routine functioning. (1 × 5 = 5) The government must develop more production
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2016] activities to enhance employment opportunities in
villages. Mention five such suitable activities and
Q. 2. Name any four non- farm production activities give reason for each.  [Board Term I, 2014]
practised in Palampur. Give a brief description of
OR
any three. U [Board Term I, 2015]
What can be done so that more non- farming
Ans. The non-farm activities practised in Palampur production activities can be started in villages?
are: [NCERT]
(i) Dairy farming: Dairy farmers feed their cattle with Ans. Efforts made to increase non- farming production
various kinds of grass, jowar and bajra. Milk is activities are:
sold in nearby villages. Two traders from Shahpur (i) Infrastructure: Increased infrastructure is the
town have set up collection chilling centres at most important priority for the future.
Raiganj from where the milk is transported to far
(ii) Regulatory restrictions on small-scale sector:
away towns and cities.
Small-scale sector specially in rural areas needs to
(ii) Small-scale manufacturing: Small-scale manu- be protected by capital investment restrictions so
facturing involves very simple production that they are not taken away by corporate.
methods and is mostly done by family members.
(iii) Forward and backward linkages: Forward
They are carried out mostly at home or in the
linkages of the non-farming sector serves as
fields with the help of family labour. Rarely are
inputs to other sectors. In backward linkages the
labourers hired.
non-farming sector demands the outputs.
(iii) Shop keeping: The traders of Palampur are
(iv) Quality of manpower: Education and health of
shopkeepers who buy various goods from
the people specially in rural areas need to be
wholesale markets in the cities and sell them in
looked after.
village. Items like rice, wheat , sugar , oil, biscuits,
(v) Capital: The government should make loan
soaps, candles, etc. are sold. A few families have
available at low interest so people could start
opened shops at bus stops to sell eatables.
non- farming activities.
(iv) Transport: There are variety of vehicles on the road
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] (5)
connecting Palampur to Raiganj. Rickshaw, tonga,
 THE STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR 15

COMPETENCY BASED QUESTIONS (4 marks each)

labour, physical capital and human capital, which

Case based MCQs are known as factors of production.
1. Raiganj, a big village, is __________ kms from
I. Read the text given below and answer the Palampur.
following questions: A (1+1+1+1=4) (A) 5 (B) 4
Palampur is well-connected with neighbouring (C) 3 (D) 1
villages and towns. Raiganj, a big village, is 3 kms Ans. Option (C) is correct.
from Palampur. An all-weather road connects the
2. Which of the following statement is true with
village to Raiganj and further on to the nearest
respect to Palampur:
small town of Shahpur. This village has about 450
(A) Palampur has one primary school and two high
families belonging to several different castes. The
schools.
80 upper caste families own the majority of land in
the village. Their houses, some of them quite large, (B) Palampur has two primary schools and one
are made of brick with cement plastering. The SCs high school.
(dalits) comprise one third of the population and (C) Dairy is the main production activity.
live in one corner of the village and in much smaller (D) The village has about 600 families belonging to
houses some of which are of mud and straw. Most several different castes.
of the houses have electric connections. Electricity Ans. Option (B) is correct.
powers all the tube wells in the fields and is used 3. Raw materials and money in hand are called:
in various types of small business. Palampur has (A) working capital (B) fixed capital
two primary schools and one high school. There is (C) human capital (D) None of the above
a primary health centre run by the government and Ans. Option (A) is correct.
one private dispensary where the sick is treated. The Explanation: Production requires a variety of raw
story of Palampur, an imaginary village, will take us materials such as the yarn used by the weaver and
through the different types of production activities
the clay used by the potter.
in the village. In villages across India, farming is 4. The variety of inputs required at every stage
the main production activity. The other production during production is known as_________.
activities, referred to as non- farm activities include (A) physical capital (B) labour
small manufacturing, transport, shop-keeping, etc. (C) human capital (D) None of the above
Every production is organised by combining land,
Ans. Option (A) is correct.

SUBJECTIVE BASED QUESTIONS (4 marks each)

I. Read the text given below and answer the 1960s, the seeds used in cultivation were traditional
following questions: A (1+1+2=4) ones with relatively low yields. Traditional seeds
Farming is the main production activity in needed less irrigation. Farmers used cow-dung
Palampur. 75 per cent of the people who are and other natural manure as fertilizers. All these
working are dependent on farming for their were readily available with the farmers who did
livelihood. All land is cultivated in Palampur. No not have to buy them.
land is left idle. During the rainy season (kharif) The Green Revolution in the late 1960s introduced
farmers grow jowar and bajra. These plants are the Indian farmer to cultivation of wheat and rice
used as cattle feed. It is followed by cultivation using high yielding varieties (HYVs) of seeds.
of potato between October and December. In the Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar
winter season (rabi), fields are sown with wheat. Pradesh were the first to try out the modern
The main reason why farmers are able to grow farming method in India. In Palampur, the yield
three different crops in a year in Palampur is due of wheat grown from the traditional varieties was
to the well-developed system of irrigation. 1,300 kg per hectare. With HYV seeds, the yield
To grow more than one crop on a piece of land went up to 3,200 kg per hectare. There was a large
during the year is known as multiple cropping. increase in the production of wheat. Farmers now
One way of increasing production from the same had greater amounts of surplus wheat to sell in the
land is by multiple cropping. The other way is to markets.
use modern farming methods for higher yield. 1. During the Rainy season (Kharif) farmers grow?
Yield is measured as crop produced on a given Ans. During the Rainy season Kharif crops like Jowar
piece of land during a single season. Till the mid- and Bajra are grown by the farmers.
16 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, SOCIAL SCIENCE, Class-IX

2. The Green Revolution in the late 1960s introduced people driving the traditional bullock cart and
the Indian farmer to cultivation of which crops? bogey are people in the transport services. They
Ans. The Green Revolution in the late 1960s introduced ferry people and goods from one place to another,
the Indian farmer to cultivation of Wheat and Rice. and in return get paid for it. The number of people
3. Define Multiple Cropping. involved in transport has grown over the last
Ans. To grow more than one crop on a piece of land several years.
during the year is known as Multiple Cropping. At present, less than fifty people are engaged
II. Read the text given below and answer the in manufacturing in Palampur. Unlike the
following questions: manufacturing that takes place in the big factories
A (1+1+2=4)
in the towns and cities, manufacturing in Palampur
Apart from farming activities in Palampur, certain
involves very simple production methods and are
non- farming activities are also carried out. Only
done on a small scale. They are carried out mostly
25 per cent of the people working in Palampur are
at home or in the fields with the help of family
engaged in activities other than agriculture. Dairy
labour.
is a common activity in many families of Palampur.
1. Which is the most common non-farming activity
The milk is sold in Raiganj, the nearby large carried out in Palampur?
village. Two traders from Shahpur town have set
Ans. Dairy is a non-farming common activity in many
up collection cum chilling centres at Raiganj from
families of Palampur.
where the milk is transported to far away towns
2. Mention the people involved in the transport
and cities. service.
People involved in trade (exchange of goods) are Ans. Rickshawallahs, tongawallahs, jeep, tractor, truck
not many in Palampur. The traders of Palampur drivers and people driving the traditional bullock
are shopkeepers who buy various goods from cart and bogey are people in the transport services.
wholesale markets in the cities and sell them in the 3. How many people are engaged in manufacturing
village. There are variety of vehicles on the road in Palampur?
connecting Palampur to Raiganj. Rickshawallahs, Ans. At present, less than fifty people are engaged in
tongawallahs, jeep, tractor, truck drivers and
manufacturing in Palampur.

Art Integration
Understanding the situation of a hypothetical village Palampur using the AI tools.
Learning Objective:
 Understand the story/situation of village Palampur using the AI tool “My Story Time”.
 To familiarize the students with some basic economic concepts related to production through an imaginary story
of a village.
 Differentiate the concept of Economic and Non-Economic Activities
 The changes that occurred due to the Green Revolution in India.
 Land distribution pattern in Indian villages.
 Sustainability of land.
 Cropping seasons in India.
 Measures to increase farm production.
Material Required: Pen, Paper, Whiteboard, Marker, screen and projector, desktop, internet websites for data
acquisition, you tube videos.
PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION AI CONCEPTS
INTEGRATED
Chapter Covered Chapter 1: The Story of Village Palampur
Name of the Book Economics, Class 9, NCERT
Subject and Artificial Understanding the situation of a hypothetical village Palampur https://bit.ly/3jz4QBD
Intelligence using the AI tools: My Storytime and Loopy
Integrated
 THE STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR 17

Learning Objectives The students will be able to: Introduction of “MY

l Understand the story/situation of village Palampur using the AI Storytime” AI Tool and
tool “My Story Time”. relating it to The story
l To familiarize the students with some basic economic concepts of a hypothetical vil-
related to production through an imaginary story of a village. lage Palampur
l Differentiate the concept of Economic and Non-Economic
Activities Introducing “Loopy”
l The changes that occurred due to the Green Revolution in India.
to explain the cause
and effect of the Green
l Land distribution pattern in Indian villages.
Revolution and its im-
l Sustainability of land.
pact on the life of peo-
l Cropping seasons in India. ple of Palampur.
l Measures to increase farm production.

Time Required 6 periods and 40 minutes

Classroom Flexible
Arrangement
Material Required Pen, Paper, Whiteboard, Marker, screen and projector, desktop,
internet websites for data acquisition, you tube videos
Pre – Preparation The students are given instructions on how the cause and effect
Activities relationship works and how does Loopy work relating it to the
different factors of production.

Previous Knowledge The students will be asked about the sharing of experiences of
children who have been to a village, about different aspects of
village life.
Methodology l Introduction of the village Palampur
The students will be introduced to a hypothetical village Palampur
with the help of AI tool my story time.
l Introduction to Different Factors of Production Integration with
The students would be asked to create a mindmap on the modern English
farming methods and relating it to how other things are related and
later
https://youtu.be/WiYscnj_L7A
Song: Mere deshkidharti of Upkar
l Green Revolution
Students will be shown a speech by M.S. Swaminathan related to https://bit.ly/3jz4QBD
Green Revolution. Then the impact of Green Revolution will be
shared by LOOPY
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7NpalI-0hgVideohttps://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBQVEfCsN4c)
l P.M Modi’s Interview Video will be shown as a specific reference
to the agricultural crisis and the need to try innovative techniques
like drip irrigation etc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0smk06TvKF
5. Students will be asked to think about Non Farming Activities
and share the same with the class (pair share think) - and the
data collected so far will be presented in the form of bar graph
(interpretation)
18 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, SOCIAL SCIENCE, Class-IX

Discussion on the There will be discussion on:

Text l What problems do the villagers of palampur have?
l 
What was the impact of the Green Revolution in the lives of
farmers?
l Why was there a need for the second green revolution?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZu2Qp06osU
l Why are women paid less wages as compared to men?

Learning Outcomes The students will be able to:

l understand the life of the people in the villages
l appreciate the development that has taken place in the villages
l understand that production of goods and services require factors
of production
l identify the basic factors of production.

Follow up Activities Interaction with the farmers on the basis of a self prepared
questionnaire
Reflections Students will be asked to think about Farming and Non Farming Inkle writer
Activities in their respective area and share their report with the
class,

