Topics for the practical

Monday, April 22, 2024 11:53 AM

1. The framework architecture

The main points about the framework is as follows:

Sure, here's a brief overview of the levels in the VB.NET framework architecture:

1. **Source Code Level**: This is where developers write code using the VB.NET language syntax. It
consists of classes, modules, functions, and procedures.

2. **Intermediate Language (IL) Level**: VB.NET code is compiled into IL, which is platform-
independent bytecode. IL is stored in assemblies (.dll or .exe files) and can be executed by the
Common Language Runtime (CLR).

3. **Common Language Runtime (CLR)**: It's the execution environment of the .NET framework.
CLR manages memory, security, and exception handling. It compiles IL code into machine code
during runtime using Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation.

4. **Framework Class Library (FCL)**: Also known as Base Class Library (BCL), it's a collection of
reusable classes, interfaces, and value types provided by .NET. It offers functionalities for tasks like
file I/O, networking, threading, and more.

5. **Windows API**: VB.NET can access the Windows API (Application Programming Interface) to
interact with the underlying operating system. This allows developers to incorporate native
Windows features into their applications.

6. **Third-Party Libraries**: Developers can utilize third-party libraries and frameworks to extend
the functionality of their VB.NET applications. These libraries can provide additional features, tools,
and components to enhance development efficiency.

7. **Database Access Layers**: VB.NET applications often interact with databases for data storage
and retrieval. Developers can use various database access layers like ADO.NET, Entity Framework, or
third-party ORMs (Object-Relational Mappers) to handle database operations.

8. **Presentation Layer**: This layer handles the user interface (UI) of the application. In VB.NET,
 developers can create UIs using Windows Forms, WPF (Windows Presentation Foundation), or
ASP.NET (for web applications).

9. **Business Logic Layer**: It contains the business rules and logic of the application. Developers
write code here to implement the core functionality and operations of the application, separate
from the UI and data access concerns.

10. **Data Access Layer**: This layer is responsible for interacting with the database. It encapsulates
the code for database operations, ensuring separation of concerns and maintainability of the
application's architecture.

These levels collectively form the architecture of a VB.NET application, providing structure and
organization to the development process.

2. What is the ado.net framework and architecture

Fig:
Certainly! Here are the components present in the architecture of ADO.NET:

1. **Data Providers**: ADO.NET includes various data providers that act as bridges between the
application and different data sources. The two main data providers are:
- **SQL Server Data Provider**: Used to connect to Microsoft SQL Server databases.
- **OLE DB Data Provider**: Allows connections to various databases using the OLE DB protocol.

2. **Connection**: The Connection object establishes a connection to the data source. It provides
properties and methods to configure and manage the connection, such as connection string, open,
close, and execute commands.

3. **Command**: Command objects (such as SqlCommand or OleDbCommand) represent SQL or stored

 procedure commands to be executed against the database. They provide methods to execute queries,
stored procedures, or updates, and handle parameters.

4. **DataReader**: The DataReader provides a forward-only, read-only stream of data from the
database. It's ideal for retrieving large datasets with low memory overhead. Developers can use it to
iterate through the results of a query.

5. **DataAdapter**: The DataAdapter acts as a bridge between the dataset and the data source. It
retrieves data from the database using commands, fills a dataset or data table with the retrieved data,
and updates the database with changes made to the dataset.

6. **DataSet**: A DataSet is an in-memory representation of data retrieved from the database. It can
hold multiple data tables, relations between tables, and constraints. DataSet objects are disconnected
from the data source and can be manipulated independently.

7. **DataTable**: DataTable objects represent a single table of in-memory data within a DataSet. They
contain rows and columns, similar to a database table, and support features like sorting, filtering, and
data binding.

8. **DataView**: DataView provides a customized view of a DataTable, allowing sorting, filtering, and
searching of its data. It provides a dynamic way to interact with the data without modifying the
underlying DataTable.

9. **DataCommandBuilder**: The DataCommandBuilder automatically generates SQL commands

(insert, update, delete) for a DataAdapter based on the changes made to a DataSet. It simplifies the
process of updating the database with changes made to the in-memory data.

10. **Connection Pooling**: ADO.NET includes connection pooling to improve performance and
scalability. Connection pooling manages a pool of database connections that can be reused, reducing
the overhead of establishing new connections for each request.

These components collectively form the architecture of ADO.NET, providing developers with a powerful
framework for data access and manipulation in .NET applications.

What are the necessary objects needed for the purpose of the connectivity in the vb .net

Sure, here are the necessary objects needed for connectivity in VB.NET:
 1. Connection
2. Command
3. DataReader
4. DataAdapter
5. DataSet

Differentiate between the sdi and the mdi in the vb.net

Sure, here's a differentiation between SDI (Single Document Interface) and MDI (Multiple Document
Interface) in VB.NET:

1. **Single Document Interface (SDI)**:

- In an SDI application, each window typically represents a single document or view.
- SDI applications are commonly used for simple applications where each window operates
independently.
- Each window has its own menu bar and toolbar, providing specific functionalities related to that
document or view.
- Examples of SDI applications include text editors, image viewers, or simple calculator applications.

2. **Multiple Document Interface (MDI)**:

- In an MDI application, a single parent window contains multiple child windows, each representing a
document or view.
- MDI applications are suitable for scenarios where users work with multiple documents
simultaneously within the same application instance.
- The parent window provides a menu bar and toolbar common to all child windows, allowing users to
perform actions across multiple documents.
- Child windows can be tiled, cascaded, or arranged in custom layouts within the parent window.
- Examples of MDI applications include word processors, spreadsheet applications, or graphic design
software.

In summary, SDI applications focus on individual documents or views with separate windows, while MDI
applications manage multiple documents within a single parent window, offering centralized control and
organization.