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Lecture5 225

The document describes different types of LAN physical topologies including bus, ring, star, and hybrid topologies. It also discusses backbone structures such as serial, distributed, collapsed, and parallel backbones that form the foundation for most LANs.

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19 views

Lecture5 225

The document describes different types of LAN physical topologies including bus, ring, star, and hybrid topologies. It also discusses backbone structures such as serial, distributed, collapsed, and parallel backbones that form the foundation for most LANs.

Uploaded by

NO Name
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

17/06/38

Edit by:
Nada Al Dosary
[email protected]
http://ct1502.edublogs.org

Objectives
 Describe the basic and hybrid LAN physical
topologies, and their uses, advantages and
disadvantages
 Describe the backbone structures that form the
foundation for most LANs

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Simple Physical Topologies


 Physical topology: physical layout(‫)التصميم الشكلي‬
of nodes on a network
 Three fundamental shapes:
 Bus
 Ring
 Star
 May create hybrid(‫ )هجين‬topologies
 Topology integral to type of network, cabling
infrastructure, and transmission media used

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Bus
 Single cable connects all
network nodes without
intervening(‫ )تدخل‬connectivity
devices (switches, routers, etc)
 Devices share responsibility
for getting data from one
point to another
 Terminators stop signals
after reaching end of wire
 Prevent signal bounce
 Inexpensive, not very scalable

Bus (continued)

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Bus (continued)

Advantages of Bus Topology


 Works well for small networks
 Relatively inexpensive to implement
 Easy to add to it

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Disadvantages of
Bus Topology
 Management costs can be high
 Difficult to troubleshoot(‫)اصالح األخطاء‬, not fault-
tolerant(‫)ال يقبل األخطاء‬
 Potential(‫ )يتحمل‬for congestion with network traffic

Ring

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Simple Physical Topologies


 Ring topology
 Each node is connected to the
two nearest nodes so the
entire network forms a circle
 One method for passing data
on ring networks is token
passing
 Active topology
 Each workstation transmits
data

Advantages of Ring Topology


 Easier to manage; easier to locate a defective node or
cable problem
 Well-suited for transmitting signals over long
distances on a LAN
 Handles high-volume network traffic
 Enables reliable communication

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Disadvantages of
Ring Topology
 Expensive
 Requires more cable and network equipment at the
start
 Not used as widely as bus topology
 Fewer equipment options
 Fewer options for expansion(‫ )توسيع‬to high-speed
communication

Star

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Simple Physical Topologies


 Star topology
 Every node on the network is connected through a
central(‫)مركزي‬device

Star (continued)
 Any single cable connects only two devices
 Cabling problems affect two nodes at most
 Requires more cabling than ring or bus networks
 More fault-tolerant(‫)أكثر تسامح مع األخطاء‬
 Easily moved, isolated, or interconnected with
other networks
 Scalable
 Supports max of 1024 addressable nodes on logical
network

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Advantages of Star Topology


 Good option for modern networks
 Low startup costs(‫)تكاليف بدء التشغيل منخفضة‬
 Easy to manage
 Offers opportunities for expansion (‫)فرص اكبر للتوسعة‬
 Most popular topology in use; wide variety of
equipment available

Disadvantages of
Star Topology
 Hub is a single point of failure
 Requires more cable than the bus

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Hybrid Physical Topologies:


Star-Wired Ring

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Star-Wired Ring

Star-Wired Bus

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Backbone Networks: Serial


Backbone
 Daisy chain: linked series of devices
 Hubs and switches often connected in daisy chain to
extend a network
 Hubs, gateways, routers, switches, and bridges can
form part of backbone
 Extent to which hubs can be connected is limited

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Backbone Networks: Serial


Backbone (continued)

Distributed Backbone

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Collapsed Backbone

Parallel Backbone

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Logical Topologies
 Logical topology: how data is transmitted
between nodes
 May not match physical topology

Bus logical topology


 Bus logical topology: signals travel from one
network device to all other devices on network
 Required by bus, star, star-wired physical topologies

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Bus logical topology

physical star, logical bus

Ring logical topology


 Ring logical topology: signals follow circular path
between sender and receiver
 Required by ring, star-wired ring topologies

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Logical ring topology

17

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