EE30EE(2018)-Feedback and Control System

Lecture No. 4 : Reduction of Multiple Subsystems

Introduction

1. Layout

2. Schematic
 3. Block Diagram

Components of a Block Diagram

Block Diagram Algebra or Block Diagram Reduction

1. Cascade or Series Form and Equivalent Block Diagram

Evaluating the Overall Transfer Function:

T = G1 · G2 · G3
X1 X2 C C
= · · =
R X1 X2 R
2. Parallel Form and Equivalent Block Diagram

Evaluating the Overall Transfer Function:

T = ±G1 ± G2 ± G3
X1 X2 X3
=± ± ±
R R R
±X1 ± X2 ± X3
=
R
Note : C = ±X1 ± X2 ± X3
Therefore :
C
T = = ±G1 ± G2 ± G3
R

3. Feedback Form

(a) Negative Feedback

Evaluating the Overall Transfer Function:

Eq. No. 1 : X1 = R − X2
C C
Eq. No. 2 : G = ; X1 =
X1 G
X2
Eq. No. 3 : H = ; X2 = CH
C
 Substitute Eq. No. 2 and Eq. No. 3 to Eq. No. 1:

C
= R − CH
G
C
+ CH = R
G 
1
C +H =R
G
 
1 + GH
C =R
G
C G
=
R 1 + GH
Therefore :
C G
T = =
R 1 + GH

(b) Positive Feedback

Evaluating the Overall Transfer Function:

Eq. No. 1 : X1 = R + X2
C C
Eq. No. 2 : G = ; X1 =
X1 G
X2
Eq. No. 3 : H = ; X2 = CH
C

Substitute Eq. No. 2 and Eq. No. 3 to Eq. No. 1:

C
= R + CH
G
C
− CH = R
G 
1
C −H =R
G
 
1 − GH
C =R
G
C G
=
R 1 − GH
Therefore :
C G
T = =
R 1 − GH
EXAMPLE Reduce the Block Diagram.

For the Negative Feedback, T1

50 2
G= ;H =
s+1 s

50 50
G 50s
T1 = =  s+1 
=
s+1
=
1 + GH 50
1 + s+1 2 (s+1)(s)+100 s2 + s + 100
s (s+1)(s)

For the Parallel Form, T2

T2 = s + 2
For the Cascade/Series Form, T3

  
1 50s 50 (s + 2)
T3 = (s + 2) =
s2 s2 + s + 100 s (s2 + s + 100)

For the Negative Feedback, T3

50 (s + 2)
G= ;H = 1
s (s2 + s + 100)

50(s+2) 50(s+2)
G 2 s(s2 +s+100)
T3 = = s(s +s+100)  = s(s2 +s+100)+50(s+2)
1 + GH 50(s+2)
1 + s(s2 +s+100) (1) s(s2 +s+100)

50 (s + 2) 50s + 100
T3 = = 3
s (s2 + s + 100) + 50 (s + 2) s + s2 + 150s + 100
Finally the Equivalent Block is

EXAMPLE Reduce the Block Diagram.

For the Cascade/Series Form, T1

T 1 = (s) (s)
T 1 = s2
For the Parallel Form, T2

1
T 2 = s2 +
s
s3 + 1
T2 =
s
For the Negative Feedback, T3

s3 + 1
G= ;H = 1
s

G
T3 =
1 + GH
s3 +1
s
= 3
1 + s s+1 (1)

s3 +1
s
= s+s3 +1
s
3
s +1
=
s3 + s + 1

For the Cascade/Series Form, T4

s3 + 1
  
1
T4 =
s3 + s + 1 s
3
s +1
T4 = 3
s (s + s + 1)
For the Negative Feedback, T4

s3 + 1
G= ;H = 1
s

G
T4 =
1 + GH
s3 +1
s(s3 +s+1)
T4 =  
s3 +1
1+ s(s3 +s+1) (s)
3
s +1
s(s3 +s+1)
T4 = s(s3 +s+1)+s(s3 +1)
s(s3 +s+1)
3
s +1
T4 =
s (s3 + s + 1) + s (s3 + 1)
s3 + 1
T4 = 4
s + s + s + s4 + s
2

s3 + 1
T4 = 4
2s + s2 + 2s
Finally the Equivalent Block is