LESSON 5

Integration by parts
Integrating both sides with respect to 𝑥 results in
‫ 𝑣𝑢 = 𝑣𝑑𝑢 ׬‬− ‫𝑢𝑑 𝑣 ׬‬
This is the integration by parts formula. The goal when using this formula
is to replace one integral (on the left) with another (on the right), which can
be easier to evaluate.
The key thing in integration by parts is to choose 𝒖 and 𝒅𝒗 correctly

Example 1: ‫ 𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑥 ׬‬3𝑥 − 2 𝑑𝑥

Solution:
න 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑥 − 2 𝑑𝑥

න𝒖
𝒅𝒗 = 𝑢𝑣 − න 𝑣 𝑑𝑢
 Example 1: ‫ 𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑥 ׬‬3𝑥 − 2 𝑑𝑥 𝒖 = 𝒙 𝒅𝒖 = 𝒅𝒙
Solution: To take 𝒗, we have to
‫ 𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑥 ׬‬3𝑥 − 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢𝑣 − ‫𝑢𝑑 𝑣 ׬‬ integrate 𝒅𝒗
‫𝒗 = 𝒗𝒅 ׬‬ 1
𝒖 𝒅𝒗 න sin 3𝑥 − 2 𝑑𝑥 = − cos(3𝑥 − 2) + 𝐶
3
=𝑢 𝑣 − න 𝑣 𝑑𝑢 න 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒖 𝒅𝒖 = − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒖+𝑪
1 1 𝒖 = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐 ; 𝒅𝒖 = 𝟑𝒅𝒙
1
= 𝑥 − cos(3𝑥 − 2) − න − cos(3𝑥 − 2) 𝑑𝑥
3 3 𝒗 = − cos(3𝑥 − 2)
3
1 1 න cos 3𝑥 − 2 𝑑𝑥
= − 𝑥 cos(3𝑥 − 2) +
3 3 න 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒖 𝒅𝒖 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒖 + 𝑪
𝒖 = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐 ; 𝒅𝒖 = 𝟑𝒅𝒙

1 1 1
=− 𝑥 cos 3𝑥 − 2 + sin 3𝑥 − 2 + 𝐶
3 3 3 =
𝟏 𝟏
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐 − 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐 +𝑪
𝟑 𝟑
1 1
= − 𝑥 cos 3𝑥 − 2 + sin 3𝑥 − 2 + 𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟
3 9
1 1
= sin 3𝑥 − 2 − 𝑥 cos 3𝑥 − 2 + 𝐶
9 3
Example 2: ‫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥 ׬‬2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝒖 = 𝒙 𝒅𝒖 = 𝒅𝒙
Solution: ‫𝒗 = 𝒗𝒅 ׬‬
2
න 𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ‫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 ׬‬2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒙 + 𝑪
න 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝟐 𝒖 𝒅𝒖 = − 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒖 + 𝑪

𝒖 𝒅𝒗 𝒗 = −𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙 + 𝑪

Let’s use now apply the definition of integration by parts

‫𝑢 = 𝑣𝑑𝑢 ׬‬ 𝑣 − ‫𝑣 ׬‬ 𝑑𝑢

= 𝒙 −𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙 − න −𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙 𝒅𝒙

= −𝑥 cot 𝑥 + ‫ ׬‬cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
න 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒖 𝒅𝒖 = 𝒍𝒏 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒖 + 𝑪

= −𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙 + 𝐥𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 + 𝑪
answer
Example 3:‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛𝑙 ׬‬ 𝒖 = 𝒍𝒏 𝒙 ‫𝒗 = 𝒗𝒅 ׬‬
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 1
𝑑 𝑙𝑛 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 න 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝑪
𝑥
න ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝒅𝒙 𝒗=𝒙+𝑪
𝒅𝒖 =
𝒙
𝒖 𝒅𝐯
Let’s use now apply the definition of integration by parts
න 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢 𝑣 − න𝑣 𝑑𝑢
𝟏
න ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln 𝑥 𝒙 − න 𝑥 𝒅𝒙
𝒙

= 𝑥 ln 𝑥 − න 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥 ln 𝑥 − 𝑥 +𝐶
= 𝒙 𝒍𝒏 𝒙 − 𝟏 + 𝑪 → 𝑏𝑦 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 𝒖 = 𝒍𝒏 𝒙
Example 4: ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 න 𝒅𝒗 = න 𝒙−𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝑥2 1
𝑑 𝑙𝑛 𝑢 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝒖𝒏+𝟏
First let’s us re-write the given integration into 𝒅𝒙
න 𝒖𝒏 𝒅𝒖 =
𝒏+𝟏
𝟏
𝑑𝑥 𝒅𝒖 = 𝒗=− +𝑪
න ln 𝑥 −2
= න ln 𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝒙 𝒙
𝑥 2
then express 𝑥 into negative exponents
2

න ln 𝑥 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥 Let’s use now apply the definition of integration by parts

‫𝑢 = 𝑣𝑑𝑢 ׬‬ 𝑣 − ‫׬‬ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢
𝑢 𝑑𝑣 𝟏 𝟏 𝒅𝒙
= ln 𝑥 − − න −
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= − +‫׬‬
𝑥 𝑥2
𝟏
=− 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 + 𝟏 + 𝑪 ln 𝑥
𝒙 = − + ‫𝒙 ׬‬−𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑥
ln 𝑥 𝟏
= − + −𝒙 + C
𝑥

ln 𝑥 𝟏
= − − +C
𝑥 𝒙
Example 5: ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝒖 = 𝒙 ‫ 𝒗 = 𝒗𝒅 ׬‬+ 𝑪
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝒅𝒖 = 𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝟐𝒙
‫= 𝒙𝒅 𝟐 ׬‬ 𝒍𝒏 𝟐
+𝑪
න 𝑥 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 න 𝒂𝒖 𝒅𝒖 =
𝒂𝒖
𝐥𝐧 𝒂
+𝑪

𝟐𝒙
𝑢 𝑑𝑣 𝑣= +𝑪
𝒍𝒏 𝟐
Let’s use now apply the definition of integration by parts
‫𝑢 = 𝑣𝑑𝑢 ׬‬ 𝑣 − ‫𝑢𝑑 𝑣 ׬‬
𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙
‫𝑥׬‬ 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 −‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥
𝒍𝒏 𝟐 𝒍𝒏 𝟐
𝑥2𝑥 1 𝑥 𝟐𝒙 𝟏
= − ‫׬‬ 2 𝑑𝑥
ln 2 ln 2 𝒂𝒖 = 𝒙− +𝑪
න 𝒂𝒖 𝒅𝒖 =
𝐥𝐧 𝒂
+𝑪 𝐥𝐧 𝟐 𝐥𝐧 𝟐
𝑥 2𝑥 1 2𝑥
= − +𝐶
ln 2 ln 2 ln 2

2𝑥 2𝑥
= 𝑥 ln 2 − + 𝐶→ 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
ln 2 2
 Example 6: ‫ 𝑒𝑥 ׬‬−𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝒖=𝒙 ‫ 𝒗 = 𝒗𝒅 ׬‬+ 𝑪
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝒅𝒖 = 𝒅𝒙 න 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝒆−𝒙 + 𝐶
න 𝒆𝒖 𝒅𝒖 = 𝒆𝒖 + 𝑪

න 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝒗 = −𝒆−𝒙 + 𝐶
𝑢 𝑑𝑣
Let’s use now apply the definition of integration by parts
න 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢 𝑣 − න 𝑣 𝑑𝑢

න 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 −𝒆−𝒙 − න −𝒆−𝒙 𝒅𝒙

= −𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 − න 𝑒 −𝑥 −𝑑𝑥
= −𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐶
= −𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐶 → 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟

= −𝒆−𝒙 𝒙 + 𝟏 + 𝑪
 Example 7:‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑎 ׬‬ 𝑢 = arcsin 𝑥 න 𝒅𝒗 = 𝒗 + 𝑪
𝒅𝒙
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑑 arcsin 𝑥 = 𝟐 ‫ 𝒙 = 𝑥𝑑 ׬‬+ 𝑪
𝟏− 𝒙
𝒅𝒖
න 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝒅(𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒖) =
𝟏−𝒖𝟐
𝒗=𝒙+𝑪
𝒖 𝒅𝒗
Let’s use now apply the definition of integration by parts
න 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢 𝑣 − න 𝑣 𝑑𝑢
𝒅𝒙
‫ = 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑎 ׬‬arcsin 𝑥 𝒙 − ‫𝒙 ׬‬
𝟏− 𝒙𝟐
𝒙𝒅𝒙
‫ = 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑎 ׬‬arcsin 𝑥 𝒙 − ‫׬‬
𝟏− 𝒙𝟐
1
= 𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − ‫ ׬‬1 − 𝑥 2 −2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝒖𝒏+𝟏 𝒖 = 𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐
න 𝒖𝒏 𝒅𝒖 =
𝒏+𝟏 𝒅𝒖 = −𝟐𝒙𝒅𝒙

𝟏 1
−2
= 𝒙 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 − − න 1 − 𝑥2 −𝟐𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝟐
 ‫‪1‬‬
‫𝟏‬ ‫‪2 −2‬‬
‫‪= 𝒙 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 −‬‬ ‫𝟐‪−‬‬ ‫𝑥‪ 1−‬׬‬ ‫𝑥𝑑𝑥𝟐‪−‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫𝟏‬ ‫‪2 −2‬‬
‫‪= 𝒙 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 +‬‬ ‫׬‬ ‫𝑥‪1−‬‬ ‫𝑥𝑑𝑥𝟐‪−‬‬
‫𝟐‬
‫𝟏‪𝒖𝒏+‬‬
‫= 𝒖𝒅 𝒏𝒖 ‪න‬‬ ‫𝑪‪+‬‬
‫𝟏‪𝒏+‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪−2+1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫𝑥‪1−‬‬
‫‪= 𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫𝐶‪+‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪−2+1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1−𝑥 2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪= 𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫𝐶‪+‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪= 𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +‬‬ ‫‪2 1−‬‬ ‫‪𝑥2 2‬‬ ‫𝐶‪+‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2 2‬‬
‫‪= 𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 1 −‬‬ ‫𝑥‬ ‫𝐶‪+‬‬

‫‪= 𝒙 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 +‬‬ ‫𝑪 ‪𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 +‬‬

Example 8: ‫𝑛𝑖𝑠 ׬‬2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: First let’s us re-write the given integration into

න 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = න sin 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 𝒖 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝟐 ‫𝒗 = 𝒗𝒅 ׬‬
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 2 ‫ 𝑥 = 𝑥𝑑 ׬‬+ 𝐶
𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑 ( 𝑢𝑛 ) 𝒗=𝒙+𝑪
= 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 𝑑𝑢
= 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 2−1 𝑑(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
𝒅𝒖 = 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒙𝒅𝒙
→ 𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒐𝒖𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝜽 = 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
Let’s use now apply the definition of integration by parts
‫= 𝑣𝑑𝑢 ׬‬ 𝑢 𝑣 − ‫𝑣 ׬‬ 𝑑𝑢
‫𝑛𝑖𝑠 ׬‬2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝒙 − ‫𝒙𝒅𝒙𝟐𝒏𝒊𝒔 𝒙׬‬
= 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 − ‫𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑥 ׬‬2𝑥𝑑𝑥

Another integration by part

 = 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 − ‫𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑥 ׬‬2𝑥𝑑𝑥 න 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑢=𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠
𝑢 𝑑𝑣 න 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑣 + 𝐶
𝟏
‫ ׬‬sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝒙 + 𝑪
= 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 − 𝑢 𝑣 − ‫׬‬ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢
න 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒖 𝒅𝒖 = − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒖 + 𝑪
𝒖 = 𝟐𝒙 ; 𝒅𝒖 = 𝟐𝒅𝒙
1 1 𝟏
= 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 − 𝑥 − 2 cos 2𝑥 − ‫ ׬‬− 2 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 = − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝒙 + 𝑪
𝟐
1 1
= 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 − − 2 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 + 2 ‫ ׬‬cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
න 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒖 𝒅𝒖 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒖 + 𝑪
𝒖 = 𝟐𝒙 ; 𝒅𝒖 = 𝟐𝒅𝒙
1 1 1
= 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥+ 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 + 𝐶
2 2 2
1 1
= 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 𝐶
2 4
Identities: cos 2𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃

cos 2𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥

 1 1
= 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 𝐶
2 4
1 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠
1
= 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 𝐶
2 2
2 4
1 1 1
= 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 + 𝐶
2 2 4
𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
of like terms
1 2
1 2
1
= 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 + 𝐶 1 1
2 2 4
𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 2 4
1 2 2
1 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 + 𝐶 = 𝒙 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒙 +𝑪
2 4 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙
𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
1 1
= 𝑥 1 − 4 sin 2𝑥 +𝐶
2
 Example 9: ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥𝑠𝑜𝑐 𝑥 𝑒 ׬‬ 𝒖 = 𝒆𝒙 න 𝒅𝒗 = 𝒗 + 𝑪
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝒅𝒖 = 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙 න cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + 𝐶
𝒅 𝒆𝒖 = 𝒆𝒖 𝒅𝒖
න 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒖 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒖 + 𝑪

න 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝒗 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 + 𝑪

𝑢 𝑑𝑣
Let’s use now apply the definition of integration by parts
‫= 𝑣𝑑𝑢 ׬‬ 𝑢 𝑣 − ‫𝑣 ׬‬ 𝑑𝑢
න 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝒆𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 − න 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙
= 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑥 𝑒 ׬‬
𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: න 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢 𝑣 − න 𝑣 𝑑𝑢

𝒖 = 𝒆𝒙
න 𝒅𝒗 = 𝒗 + 𝑪
𝒅𝒖 = 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙
න sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝐶
𝒗 = −𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝑪
 න 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢 𝑣 − න 𝑣 𝑑𝑢
න 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝒆𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 − න 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒖 = 𝒆𝒙 න sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝐶
= 𝑒𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − ‫׬‬ 𝑒𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝒅𝒖 = 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒗 = −𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝑪

= 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 − 𝑢 𝑣 − ‫׬‬ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 − 𝑒𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − ‫׬‬− cos 𝑥 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙

= 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 − ‫ 𝑥 𝑒 ׬‬cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 ‫ 𝑥 𝑒 ׬‬cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
න 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + න 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥

2 න 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 (sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥) + 𝐶

2 ‫ 𝑥 𝑒 ׬‬cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 (sin 𝑥+cos 𝑥)
=
2 2
𝟏
‫= 𝒙𝒅 𝒙𝒔𝒐𝒄 𝒙𝒆 ׬‬ 𝟐
𝒆𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝑪
𝒆𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝟏𝟎: 𝑢 = sec 𝑦 න 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑣 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑(sec 𝑦)
න 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 න 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦 = tan 𝑦 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑢 = sec 𝑦 tan 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
න 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒖 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒖 + 𝑪
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝒅(𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒖) = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒖 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒖 𝒅𝒖

𝑙𝑒𝑡 ′ 𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑣 = tan 𝑦 + 𝐶

‫ 𝑐𝑒𝑠 ׬‬3 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ‫ ׬‬sec 𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑢 𝑑𝑣
න 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑢 𝑣 −න 𝑣 𝑑𝑢
= sec 𝑦 tan 𝑦 − න tan 𝑦 sec 𝑦 tan 𝑦 𝑑𝑦

= sec 𝑦 tan 𝑦 − ‫ ׬‬sec 𝑦 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦

𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠: 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 − 1

= sec 𝑦 tan 𝑦 − ‫ ׬‬sec 𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦 − 1 𝑑𝑦

= sec 𝑦 tan 𝑦 − න 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 + න sec 𝑦 𝑑𝑦

 න 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = sec 𝑦 tan 𝑦 − න 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 + න sec 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 න 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
‫ 𝑐𝑒𝑠 ׬‬3 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 + ‫ 𝑐𝑒𝑠 ׬‬3 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = sec 𝑦 tan 𝑦 + ‫ ׬‬sec 𝑦 𝑑𝑦

2 න 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = sec 𝑦 tan 𝑦 + න sec 𝑦 𝑑𝑦

න 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒖 𝒅𝒖 = 𝐥𝐧 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒖 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒖 + 𝑪

2 න 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = sec 𝑦 tan 𝑦 + ln sec 𝑦 + tan 𝑦 + 𝐶

2 ‫ 𝑐𝑒𝑠 ׬‬3 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 sec 𝑦 tan 𝑦 + ln sec 𝑦 + tan 𝑦

= +𝐶
2 2
𝟏
න 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒚 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒚 + 𝐥𝐧 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒚 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒚 + 𝑪
𝟐

https://youtu.be/Yyic5aaXGaw