10

Mathematics
Quarter 4 Module 2:
Calculating Measures of Position
Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 2: Calculating Measures of Position
First Edition, 2020

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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home.
Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are
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If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in
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Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written for the learners. After going through this
module, the learner is expected to calculate specified measures of position ( eg. 1st
quartile ,3rd decile or 90th percentile ) of a set of data (M10SP-IVb-1)

What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer of the following questions. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Given the scores 19, 23, 15, 20, 11, 22, 25, 17, 16 and 28. What is the value of
P40 ?
A. 17 B. 20 C. 25 D. 28

For nos. 2 – 5, Refer to table below

Scores Frequency Cumulative

Frequency
35 – 39 7 25
30 – 34 3 18
25 – 29 4 15
20 – 24 2 11
15 – 19 5 9
10 - 14 4 4
2. In solving the 70th percentile, the lower boundary is .

A. 9.5 B. 14.5 C. 19.5 D. 20.5

3. What is the total frequency?

A. 4 B. 7 C. 15 D. 25

4. What is the 7th decile ?

A. 15 B. 18 C. 30.03 D. 33.67
5. The 90th percentile is .

A. 34.5 B. 35.5 C. 36.10 D. 37.71

1
 Lesson

1 Calculating Measures of Position

In the previous module, you have learned the illustration of measures of

position: quartiles, deciles and percentiles. In this module we will calculate specified
measures of position of a set of data.

What’s In

Directions : Choose the letter of the correct answer for the following questions. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Quartiles are the score points which divide a distribution into equal parts.
A. two B. four C. ten D. hundred

2. The median is also the .

A. 1st quartile B. 2nd quartile C. 3rd decile D. 75th percentile

3. Which of the following statement is incorrect?
i. D4 is also equal to P40
ii. 75% of the data has a value of < Q3
iii. Percentiles are ninety-nine points which divides a distribution into one
hundred equal parts
A. I B. ii C. iii D. none
4. Given the scores of test in Mathematics : 3, 3, 4, 5, 7, 7, 11, 14, 14, 15. What are the
scores less than or equal to 25% of the data ?
A. 3, 3, 4 B. 4, 5, 7 C. 5,7,7 D. 14, 14, 15
5. The upper quartile is equal to .

A. Q1 B. Q2 C. Q3 D. D9

2
 What’s New

Eleven students taking a modular learning have the scores in their English test
as follows : 23 , 11, 28 , 15, 19, 10, 17, 3, 25, 26 and 21. How can they determine their
position in a given set of data ?

First, arrange the set of scores in ascending order

3 , 10 , 11 , 15 , 17 , 19 , 21 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 28
Q1 Q2 Q3
Lower Middle Upper
Quartile Quartile Quartile

How the lower quartile (Q1),middle quartile (Q2), and the upper quartile (Q3) of the
scores are obtained?

What Is It

Measures of Position

Quartile for Ungrouped Data

Example ; Given the set of data 3, 15, 18, 20, 32, 17, 16, 19, 33, 30 , 21 . Find the
lower and the upper quartile of the data

Solution :
Arrange the set of data in ascending order

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

8, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 30, 32, 33
Middle Value
The least value in the data is 8 and the greatest value in the data is 33
The middle value is 19
The lower quartile is the value between the middle value and the least value in
the set of data.
So the lower quartile is 16.
The upper quartile is the value between the middle value and the greatest value
in the set of data.
So, the upper quartile is 30

3
Using Mendenhall and Sincich Method
1
Lower quartile ( L ) = Position of Q1 = (N+1)
4
And round off to the nearest integers. If L falls halfway between two integers round up.
The Lth element is the lower quartile value ( Q1 )
3
Upper Quartile ( U ) = Position of Q3 = (N+1)
4
Example { 12, 13, 18, 19, 24 , 27, 30 32, 34 } and N = 9
1
To find Q1, locate its position using ( N + 1) and round off to the nearest integer.
4
1
Position of Q1 = ( N + 1)
4
1
= (9+1)
4
1
= ( 10 )
4
= 2.5

The computed value 2.5 becomes 3 after rounding up. The lower quartile value ( Q1 ) is
the 3rd element, so Q1 = 18
Similarly
3
Position of Q3 = ( N +1)
4
3
= (9+1)
4
3
= (10)
4

= 7.5
The computed value is 7.5 after rounding down. The upper quartile value (Q3) is the 7th
data element so Q3 = 30

Using Linear Interpolation

Given the set of scores of 13 students in their Math quiz, find the first quartile (Q 1) and
the 3rd quartile (Q3) using linear interpolation

33 11 7 31 15 18 20 14 21 23 19 25 36

4
Solution :

a. Arrange the scores in ascending order

7 11 14 15 18 19 20 21 23 27 31 33 36

b. Locate the position of the scores in the distribution

1
Position of Q1 = ( N + 1)
4
1
= (13 + 1)
4
1
= ( 14)
4

= 3.5
Since, the result is in decimal number, interpolation is needed
c. Interpolate the value to obtain the 1st quartile
Step 1 . Subtract the 3rd data from the 4th data
15 -14 = 1
Step 2. Multiply the result by the decimal part obtained in second step (Position of Q 1)
1(.5) = .5
Step 3.Add the result in Step 2 to the second or smaller number
14 + 0.5 = 14. 5
Therefore, the value of Q1 = 14.5

For Q3,
3
Position of Q3 = (N+1)
4
3
= (13 + 1)
4
3
= (14)
4

= 10.5

The result is a decimal number, so interpolation is needed

Steps in interpolation
Step 1. Subtract the 10th data from the 11th data
31 – 27 = 4
Step 2. Multiply the result by the decimal part in the step ( Position of Q3)
4( 0.5) = 2
Step 3. Add the result in step 2, to the 10th or smaller number
27 + 2 = 29
Therefore , the value of Q3 = 29

5
The Deciles for Ungrouped Data

Example. Find the 7th decile or D7 of the following test scores of random sample of 10
students taking online learning: 25, 36, 22, 34, 42, 39, 28, 30, 43, and 37

Solution:

Arrange the scores in ascending order

22 25 28 30 34 36 37 39 42 43
7
To find its D7 position, use the formula (N+1) and round off to the nearest integer
10
7
Position of D7 = (N+1)
10
7
= (10 + 1)
10
77
=
10

= 7.7 = 8
D7 is the 8th element. Therefore D7 = 39

The Percentile for Ungrouped Data

Example. Find the 40th percentile or P40 of the following test scores of random sample of
10 students taking online learning: 25, 36, 22, 34, 42, 39, 28, 30, 43, and 37

Solution:
Arrange the scores in ascending order

22 25 28 30 34 36 37 39 42 43
𝑘
Use ( N + 1)to find the position of P40 and then roundoff to the nearest integer
100

40
Position of P40 = (10 +1)
100
40(11)
=
100
440
=
100
= 4.4 = 4
P40 is the 4th element. Therefore, P40 = 30

6
Example. Given the test scores: 50, 23, 21, 33, 44, 45, 35, 42, 28, 19, 30, 43, 29.
Find : a.) Q2 b.) D5 c.) P50

Solution:

Arrange the scores in ascending order

19 21 23 28 29 30 33 35 42 43 44 45 50
1
a.) To find Q2, locate its position using ( N + 1)
2
1
Position of Q2 = ( N + 1)
2
1
= ( 13 + 1 )
2
1
= ( 14 )
2
=7
Q2 is the 7th element, so Q2 = 33
𝑘(𝑁+1)
b.) Use to find the position of D5
10

5
Position of D5 = (N+1)
10
5
= (13 + 1)
10
70
=
10

=7
D5 is the 7th element. Therefore D5 = 33

𝑘
c.) Use ( N + 1)to find the position of P50
100

50
Position of P50 = (13 +1)
100
50
= (14)
100
700
=
100
=7
P50 is the 7th element. Therefore, P50 = 33

The 2nd quartile (Q2), 5th decile (D5) and 50th percentile ( P50 ) have the same value.

7
Measures of Position for Grouped Data

Formula in computing the quartile for grouped data

𝑘𝑁
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
Qk = LB + ( 4
) i
𝑓𝑄𝑘
Where: LB = lower boundary of the Qk class
N = total frequency
Cfb = cumulative frequency of the class before the Q k class
i = size of the class interval
k = nth quartile, where n = 1, 2 and 3

Example. Calculate the Q1, Q2 and Q3 of the Mathematics test scores of students taking
modular learning.

Scores Frequency
50 - 54 1
45 – 49 5
40 – 44 2
35 – 39 4
30 – 34 7
25 – 29 5
20 – 24 4
15 - 19 2
Solution

Class Frequency Lower Less than

Interval (f) Boundaries Cumulative
Scores (LB) Frequency ( <cf)
50 - 54 1 49.5 30
45 – 49 4 44.5 29
40 – 44 3 39.5 25
35 – 39 4 34.5 22
30 – 34 7 29.5 18
25 – 29 25 – 0.5 5 24.5 11 (7th – 11th score ) Q1 class
20 – 24 4 19.5 6
6
15 - 19 2 14.5 2
N = 30
𝑁 30
Q1: = LB = 24.5
4 4
= 7.5 N = 30
Cfb = 6
Find the class interval where the 7.5
FQk = 5
score is contained. i=5
𝑁
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
The 7th – 11th scores belong to the Q1 = LB + ( 4
)i
𝑓𝑄1
class interval 25-29. So, the 7.5 score
7.5−6
is also within the class interval. = 24.5 + ( )5
5
= 24.5 + 1.5
Q1 belongs to the class interval 25-29
= 26

8
 Class Frequency Lower Less than
Interval (f) Boundaries Cumulative
Scores (LB) Frequency ( <cf)
50 - 54 1 49.5 30
45 – 49 4 44.5 29
40 – 44 40 – 0.5 3 39.5 25 (23rd - 25th score ) Q3 class
35 – 39 4 34.5 22
30 – 34 30 – 0.5 7 29.5 18 (12th -18th score) Q2 class
25 – 29 5 22 24.5 11
20 – 24 4 11 19.5 6
15 - 19 2 14.5 2
N = 30

2𝑁 2(30)
Q2 class : = LB = 29.5
4 4
60
= N = 30
4
= 15 Cfb = 11
FQk = 7
Find the class interval where the 15th i=5
score is contained.
2𝑁
The 12th – 18th scores belong to the − 𝑐𝑓𝑏
Q2 = LB + ( 4 )i
class interval 30-34. So, the 15th score 𝑓𝑄2

is also within the class interval. 15−11

= 29.5 + ( )5
7
Q2 belongs to the class interval 30-34 = 29.5 + 2.86
= 32.36

3𝑁 3(30)
Q3 class : = LB = 39.5
4 4
90
= N = 30
4
= 22.5 Cfb = 22
FQk = 2
i=5

Find the class interval where the 3𝑁

− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
22.5th score is contained. Q3 = LB + ( 4
)i
𝑓𝑄3
The 23rd – 25th scores belong to the 22.5−22
= 39.5 + ( )5
class interval 40-44. So, the 22.5th 2
score is also within the class interval.
= 39.5 +1.25
Q3 belongs to the class interval 40-44
= 40.75

9
The Decile for Grouped Data
Formula in computing the decile for grouped data
𝑘𝑁
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
Dk = LB + ( 10𝑓 )i
𝐷𝑘

Where : LB = lower boundary of the Dk class

N = total frequency
Cfb = cumulative frequency of the class before the Dk class
i = size of the class interval
k = nth decile, where n = 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9

Example. Calculate the D4 of the Mathematics test scores of students taking modular
learning.

Scores Frequency
50 - 54 1
45 – 49 4
40 – 44 3
35 – 39 4
30 – 34 7
25 – 29 5
20 – 24 4
15 - 19 2

Scores Frequency Lower Less than

Boundaries Cumulative
(LB) Frequency ( <cf)
50 - 54 1 49.5 30
45 – 49 4 44.5 29
40 – 44 3 39.5 25
35 – 39 4 34.5 22
30 – 34 30 – 0.5 7 29.5 18 (12th-18th score) D4 class
25 – 29 5 24.5 11
20 – 24 4 11 19.5 6
15 - 19 2 14.5 2
N = 30

4𝑁 4(30)
D4 class : = LB = 29.5
10 10
120
= Cfb = 11
10
= 12 f=7
i=5

10
 Find the class interval where the 12th
4𝑁
score is contained. − 𝑐𝑓𝑏
D4 = LB + ( 10
) i
The 12th – 18th scores belong to the 𝑓
12−11
class interval 30-34. So, the 12th = 29.5 + ( )5
score is also within the class interval. 7
= 29.5 + 0.71
D4 belongs to the class interval 30-34 = 30.21

The Percentile for Grouped Data

Formula in computing the percentile for grouped data

𝑘𝑁
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
Pk = LB + ( 100
)i
𝑓𝑃𝑘

Where : LB = lower boundary of the Pk class

N = total frequency
Cfb = cumulative frequency of the class before the Pk class
i = size of the class interval
k = nth percentile, where n = 1,2, 3, …,97, 98 and 99
Example : Calculate the P90 of the Mathematics test scores of students taking modular learning.
Scores Frequency
50 - 54 1
45 – 49 4
40 – 44 3
35 – 39 4
30 – 34 7
25 – 29 5
20 – 24 4
15 - 19 2

Scores Frequency Lower Less than

Boundaries Cumulative
(LB) Frequency ( <cf)
50 - 54 1 49.5 30
45 – 49 45 – 0.5 4 44.5 29 (26th-29th score)P90 class
40 – 44 3 39.5 25
35 – 39 4 34.5 22
30 – 34 7 29.5 18
25 – 29 5 25 24.5 11
20 – 24 4 19.5 6
15 - 19 2 14.5 2
N = 30

11
 90𝑁 90(30)
P90 class : 100 = LB = 44.5
100
2700
= Cfb = 25
100

= 27 f=4

Find the class interval where the 27th i=5

score is contained. 90𝑁
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
P90 = LB + (100
)i
The 26th – 29th scores belong to the 𝑓𝑃90
class interval 45-49. So, the 12th score
is also within the class interval. = 44.5 + 2.5

P90 belongs to the class interval 45-49 = 47

What’s More

Using the frequency distribution table, compute each given measures of position and
match it with the letter code corresponding to its value

Class interval Frequency

30 -34 6
25 -29 5
20 – 24 19
15 – 19 9
10 – 14 6
5–9 4
0–4 2

𝑄3 𝑃85 𝐷2 𝑃35 𝐷9

E. 30.33 M. 28 S. 20.82 L. 17.94 I. 12.83

12
 What I Have Learned

This module focuses on calculating the measures of position of a given set of

data. The following are the formulas to remember.
Ungrouped Data

Quartile for Ungrouped Data

𝑘
Position of Qk = (N +1)
4

Decile for Ungrouped Data

𝑘
Position of Dk = (N+1)
10

Percentile for Ungrouped Data

𝑘
Position of Pk = (N+1)
100

Grouped Data
Quartile
𝑘𝑁
− 𝐶𝑓𝑏
Qk = LB + ( 4
)i
𝑓𝑄𝑘

Decile
𝑘𝑁
− 𝐶𝑓𝑏
Dk = LB + ( 10
)i
𝑓𝐷𝑘

Percentile
𝑘𝑁
− 𝐶𝑓𝑏
Pk = LB + ( 100
)i
𝑓𝑃𝑘

13
 What I Can Do

Use the frequency distribution below, complete the table and calculate
1.D4 2. Q1 3. P70

Class Interval frequency Lower Less than

Boundaries Cumulative
(LB) Frequency (<cf)
100-109 5
90-99 3
80-89 10
70-79 7
60-69 4
50-59 6
40-49 8
30-39 4
20-29 1
10-19 2

Assessment

Directions: Use the given table to answer the following questions. Write the letter of
your choice on a separate sheet of paper.

Class Interval Frequency

60 – 63 2
56 – 59 6
52 – 55 2
48 – 51 10
44 – 47 8
40 – 43 9
36 – 39 1
32 - 35 6
28 - 31 4
24 - 27 1
20 - 23 1

14
1. What is the total frequency?
A. 2 B. 50 C. 60 D. 63
2. What is the lower boundary of D4?
A. 9 B. 35.5 C. 39.5 D. 43.5
3. The class interval containing Q1 class is
A. 20 – 23 B. 32 – 35 C. 36 - 39 D. 40 -43
4. Q3 is equal to .
A. 30 B. 37.5 C. 47.5 D. 50.5
5. P90 is equal to .
A. 55.5 B. 57.5 C. 59.5 D. 90.5

15
 Manila Rex Bookstore Inc.
Orlando A. Aronce and Marilyn O. Mendoza, 2017.E - Math 10. Sampaloc
Pasig City, Philippines 1600 REX Book Store
Melvin M. Callanta, et al. 2015. Mathematics – Grade 10 Learner’s Module.
Books
References
What I Know What’s In
1. A 1. B What’ More
2. B 2. B
3. D 3. D SMILE
4. D 4. A
5. D 5. C
What I Can Co
1. D4 = 53.76 2. Q1 = 46.38 3. P70 = 82.50
.
Lower Boundaries (LB) Less Cumulative frequency
99.5 50
89.5 45
79.5 42
Assessment
69.5 32
59.5 25 1. B
49.5 21 2. C
39.5 15 3. C
29.5 7 4. D
19.5 3 5. B
95 2
Answer Key