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Welcome!: Is Everybody Here?

The document discusses basic concepts in statistics including data, population, sample, parameter, statistic, descriptive vs inferential statistics, discrete vs continuous variables, and dependent vs independent variables. It also provides examples to classify different variables and situations.

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carlowensr
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33 views20 pages

Welcome!: Is Everybody Here?

The document discusses basic concepts in statistics including data, population, sample, parameter, statistic, descriptive vs inferential statistics, discrete vs continuous variables, and dependent vs independent variables. It also provides examples to classify different variables and situations.

Uploaded by

carlowensr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WELCOME!

Is everybody here?
STATISTICS
Statistics is concerned with facilitating wise
decision making in the face of uncertainty and
that, therefore, develops and utilizes techniques
for careful collection, effective presentation, and
proper analysis and interpretation of categorical
and numerical data.
Is statistics and statistic
the same?
BASIC CONCEPTS
ABOUT STATISTICS
Data – are facts, or a set of information or observations under study
Population – set of all the individuals of interest in a particular study
Sample – set of individuals selected from a population, usually
intended to represent the population in a research study.
Batch 1 Batch 2 Batch 3
Parameter – is any numerical or nominal
characteristics of a population
Statistic – is an estimate of a parameter; it came
from the samples
Classify the following as qualitative or
quantitative data:
1. age 6. test scores
2. grade level 7. number of absences
3. telephone numbers 8. ethnicity
4. gender 9. interview
5. birth rates 10. length
Again, statistics is a scientific body of knowledge that deals with
the collection, organization or presentation, analysis, and
interpretation of data.

Specifically, statistics serves two general purposes:


1. Statistics is used to organize and summarize the information so that the
researcher can see what happened in the research study and can
communicate the results to others.
2. Statistics helps the researcher to answer the general questions that
initiated the research by determining exactly what conclusions are
justified based on the results that were obtained.
Descriptive Vs Inferential Statistics
✓Descriptive Statistics is a statistical procedure concerned
with describing the characteristics and properties of a
group of persons, places, or things.
✓Inferential Statistics is a statistical procedure that is used
to draw inferences or information about the properties or
characteristics by a large group of people, places, or
things on the basis of the information obtained from a
small portion of a large group.
Determine whether the given situation involves the use of
descriptive or inferential statistics:
1. The teacher ranks his students according to their average grade
2. The market researcher of a manufacturing company constructs
a graph showing the fluctuations in sales for a major product line
for the last 5 years
3. The manager of a department store records the number of
buying customers daily for 8 consecutive weeks and then
estimates the average number of buying customers for the
following weeks.
Discrete variable – is a variable that assumes a finite number of values
(countable)
Continuous variable – is a variable that can assume infinite values within
a specified interval (real numbers)

Classify as discrete or continuous:


1. weight
2. dimensions of a table
3. number of students in a class
4. temperature
5. number of possible outcomes in throwing a die
Dependent variable – is a variable which is affected or
influenced by another variable.
Independent variable – is one which affects or influences
the dependent variable.

Example: The Effect of Computer-Assisted


Instruction on the Student’s Achievement in
Mathematics
EXERCISE
EXERCISE
A. Classify the following as qualitative or quantitative
data:
1. weight
2. skin color
3. student ID number
4. distance
5. time in days
EXERCISE
B. Determine whether the given situation involves the use of
descriptive or inferential statistics:
1. The number of days it takes to paint a house.
2. The coach chooses eight volunteers, and concludes that
college freshmen can do an average of 16 cartwheels without
stopping.
3. In a local quiz bee, the teacher identifies the average points
that the students acquired in different category or subjects.
EXERCISE

C. Classify as discrete or continuous:


1. number of female students in Grade 10
2. the area in an exclusive subdivision
3. the speed of car
4. dropouts in SLSU-LS
5. Filipinos average time of using social media
32

“With statistics, one can make


wise and sound decision”

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