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Alu, Bus

The document discusses how a computer processes data inside the CPU. The CPU contains an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) that performs arithmetic and logic operations on data from registers. The CPU also uses a control unit to direct operations and a bus to transmit data and instructions between components.

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Abror md Fayiaz
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29 views13 pages

Alu, Bus

The document discusses how a computer processes data inside the CPU. The CPU contains an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) that performs arithmetic and logic operations on data from registers. The CPU also uses a control unit to direct operations and a bus to transmit data and instructions between components.

Uploaded by

Abror md Fayiaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Inside the Ultimate

Machine
Inside The Computer

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How Computers Process Data

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The Arithmetic Logic Unit
• The actual manipulation of data takes place in the
ALU.

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• The ALU can perform arithmetic and logic operations.

• The ALU is connected to a set of registers—small


memory areas in the CPU, which hold data and program
instructions while they are being processed.

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• Everything has to be broken down into these few
operations.
Memory and CPU

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CPU uses a memory address to store and retrieve each piece of
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data. Memory Address is a number that indicates a location
on the memory as a post box.
ALU: Machine Cycle
• Each time the CPU executes an instructions it takes
series of steps. The completed series of steps called
Machine Cycle.
• Broken down into two smaller cycle

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• Instruction Cycle
• Execution Cycle
• At the beginning of Machine cycle, during Instruction
Cycle two steps
• Fetching
• Decoding
• At the beginning of Execution Cycle two steps 6
• Executing
• Storing
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ALU Operations List

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Control unit
• The control unit is a component of a computer's central processing
unit(CPU) which directs operation of the processor.

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• It controls communication and co-ordination between
input/output devices. It reads and interprets instructions and
determines the sequence for processing the data.

• It directs the operation of the other units by providing timing and


control signals.

• All computer resources are managed by the CU (Control Unit). It 9


directs the flow of data between the Central Processing Unit
(CPU) and the other devices.
Bus
• A bus is a path between the components of a computer. Data and
instructions travel along these paths.

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• The data bus' width determines how many bits can be transmitted
between the CPU and other devices, and carries the actual data
being processed.

• The address bus runs only between the CPU and RAM, and
carries nothing but memory addresses for the CPU to use.

• The control bus carries commands from the CPU and returns
status signals from the devices. Peripheral devices are connected to 10
the CPU by an expansion bus.
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Bus

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Bus

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