Progressive Education Society’s

MODERN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Pune 411005.

A PROJECT REPORT ON

“NAVIGATION SYSTEM ”

By

NAME OF GROUP MEMBERS

RATNESH SANKLECHA
RUTIKA SHAH
ASTHA PRABHU

Under the guidance of

Dr.Mrs. SWAPNA BHAVSAR

In partial fulfillment of T.E (Information Technology)

Savitribai Phule Pune University
PUNE 2023-24
 Progressive Education Society's
Modern College Of Engineering, Pune-05.
Department of Information Technology
2023-24

Certificate

This is to certify that, project entitled “NAVIGATION SYSTEM ”, Submitted by

NAME OF GROUP MEMBERS is record of bonafide work carried out by them, under
the guidance of Dr.Mrs.Swapna Bhavsar, in fulfillment of the requirement for the
award of the T.E. of Bachelor of Engineering in Information Technology, Savitribai
Phule Pune University.

Dr.Mrs Swapna Bhavsar Dr.Mrs.S.D.Deshpande

GUIDE H.O.D (IT)

Date:

Place: Pune
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am writing to express my gratitude towards all those who helped me in

accomplishing my Project work. First of all, I would like to thank P. E. S. 's
Modern College of Engineering for giving me this opportunity to look at some
concepts apart from my curriculum subject. I would like to thank my guide
Dr.Mrs.Swapna Bhavsar for his valuable support in selecting the topic and timely
guidance. I would like to show my greatest appreciation to him.
I would also like to thank all other faculty members for supporting me directly or
indirectly. The guidance and support received from all the Professors who
contributed are vital for the success of the work. I am grateful for their constant
support and help.

Lastly, I would like to thank my friends for their support and encouragement.

Student Name: Ratnesh Sanklecha

Astha Prabhu

Rutika Shah

Exam Seat No:

 ABSTRACT

The SmartNav - Intelligent Navigation System is an innovative and advanced navigation

solution designed to revolutionize the way people navigate in today's fast-paced world.
This system leverages cutting-edge technology to provide users with a comprehensive
and efficient navigation experience. Traditional navigation systems often fall short in
providing real-time, dynamic, and personalized navigation solutions. SmartNav addresses
these limitations by integrating multiple data sources, including GPS, traffic data,
weather information, and user preferences, to offer users a holistic and intelligent
navigation experience.
Sr.no. Contents Page
no.

1 Navigation System

2 Introduction of Navigation System

3 Scope & Limitations

4 Requirement Analysis

5 Feasibility study

6 Software Requirement Specification

a. Software requirements
b. Hardware requirements

7 Project Plan

8 Graphical User Interfaces/Screen Shots

9 Project Code

10 Future Enhancement

11 Conclusion

12 References
“Navigation
System”
2 INTRODUCTION TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM

A navigation system, also known as a GPS (Global Positioning System) or GNSS (Global
Navigation Satellite System), is a technology that allows individuals and vehicles to
determine their precise location and navigate from one point to another. These systems
have become integral in our daily lives, helping us find our way in unfamiliar places,
optimize travel routes, and access location-specific information.

1. Satellite-Based Positioning: Navigation systems rely on a network of satellites orbiting

the Earth, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) in the United States or other
similar systems like GLONASS (Russia), Galileo (Europe), and BeiDou (China). These
satellites continuously transmit signals containing precise time and location information.

2. GPS Receivers: GPS receivers, found in smartphones, vehicles, and dedicated GPS
devices, receive signals from multiple satellites simultaneously. By calculating the time it
takes for signals to reach the receiver from different satellites, the device can determine
its exact location (latitude, longitude, and altitude).

3. Mapping and Software: Navigation systems use digital maps and software to display
your location and provide route guidance. These maps are continually updated to ensure
accuracy and can include information about streets, roads, points of interest, and even
real-time traffic data.

4. Route Planning: Users can input their desired destination into the navigation system.
The system then calculates the best route based on factors like distance, travel time, and
current traffic conditions. It may offer multiple route options, taking into account
preferences and potential obstacles.

5. Turn-by-Turn Directions: While navigating, the system provides turn-by-turn

directions, guiding users with spoken instructions and visual cues on a screen. It notifies
drivers or pedestrians of upcoming turns, exits, and landmarks to make the journey as
seamless as possible.

6. Real-Time Traffic Updates: Many navigation systems incorporate real-time traffic data
to help users avoid congestion, accidents, and road closures. This feature can save time
and improve overall travel efficiency.

7. Points of Interest: Navigation systems often include databases of points of interest

(POIs) like restaurants, gas stations, hotels, and tourist attractions. Users can search for
nearby POIs and get directions to them.
8. Integration with Other Devices: Modern navigation systems can be integrated with
other devices and services. For instance, they can connect to smartphones to provide
additional features, such as hands-free calling, music streaming, and access to apps.

3 SCOPE & LIMITATIONS

Scope of Navigation Systems:

1.Location Determination: Navigation systems excel at accurately determining the user's

location, typically within a few meters. This capability is essential for various
applications, from finding your way in unfamiliar cities to precise location-based
services.

2. Route Planning and Guidance: These systems can efficiently plan routes from one
point to another, considering factors like traffic conditions, distance, and estimated travel
time. They provide turn-by-turn guidance, both visually and audibly, making navigation
user-friendly.

3. Real-Time Traffic Updates: Many navigation systems incorporate real-time traffic

data, allowing users to avoid traffic jams, accidents, and other road obstacles. This
feature helps in choosing the fastest and least congested routes.

4. Points of Interest (POIs): Navigation systems often include databases of points of

interest (POIs) such as restaurants, gas stations, hotels, and tourist attractions. Users can
easily locate and navigate to these places.

5. Versatility:Navigation systems are versatile and are used in various domains, including
automotive navigation, aviation, maritime navigation, outdoor activities, agriculture, and
geolocation services.

6. Integration with Other Technologies:Modern navigation systems can be integrated

with smartphones, enabling additional functionalities such as hands-free calling, music
streaming, and access to various apps.

7. Emergency Services: Navigation systems can assist in emergency situations by

providing accurate location data, which is critical for search and rescue operations and for
people in distress.

Limitations of Navigation Systems:

1. Signal Dependence: Navigation systems heavily rely on satellite signals. They may not
work well in areas with poor satellite visibility, such as deep urban canyons, dense
forests, or tunnels.

2. Inaccuracies: While GPS and similar systems provide relatively accurate positioning,
they can still have errors. These errors can be due to factors like signal interference,
atmospheric conditions, or multipath effects. In certain situations, inaccuracies can be
significant.

3. Initial Setup and Updates: Users need to set up and periodically update their navigation
systems, including maps and software. Neglecting updates can result in outdated and less
accurate information.

4. Power Consumption:GPS navigation can consume a considerable amount of battery

power, which is a concern for portable devices like smartphones. Prolonged use can drain
the battery quickly.

5. Privacy Concerns: The use of navigation systems may raise privacy concerns since
these systems can track and store location data. Users should be cautious about sharing
their location with unauthorized or untrustworthy apps or services.

6. Limitations in Remote Areas: In remote or off-grid locations, navigation systems may

not provide comprehensive map data or navigation assistance, making them less
effective.

7. Cost: Some advanced navigation systems, especially those used in aviation and
maritime industries, can be costly to install and maintain.

8. Security Risks: Navigation systems can be susceptible to spoofing and jamming

attacks, which can lead to incorrect positioning information and pose security risks.

4 Requirement Analysis

1. Stakeholder Identification:- Identify all the stakeholders involved in or affected by the

navigation system. This can include end-users, developers, businesses, government
agencies, and more.

2. Gather Requirements:- Collect requirements from different stakeholder groups. These

requirements may include both functional and non-functional requirements.
3. Functional Requirements:- Determine the specific functions and features that the
navigation system should provide, such as:

- Map display and visualization

- Route planning and optimization

- Turn-by-turn directions

- Points of Interest (POI) integration

- Real-time traffic updates

- Emergency services integration

- Integration with other technologies (e.g., smartphones, IoT devices)

4. Non-Functional Requirements:- Identify non-functional requirements that focus on

system attributes, such as:

- Accuracy and precision of location data

- Usability and user interface design

- Performance and response time

- Scalability to handle various loads

- Reliability and availability

- Security and privacy considerations

- Compliance with industry standards and regulations

5. User Experience (UX) Considerations:- Understand user needs and expectations.

Conduct user surveys, interviews, and usability testing to ensure the navigation system is
user-friendly.

6. Environmental Considerations:- Consider the environments where the system will be

used. For example, navigation systems for vehicles should account for the challenges of
driving, while outdoor navigation systems should consider rugged terrain and weather
conditions.
7. Integration Requirements:- Identify any existing systems or technologies that the
navigation system should integrate with, such as third-party maps, real-time traffic data
providers, or other apps and services.

8. Data Requirements:- Define the types of data that the system will use, including map
data, location data, traffic data, and any custom data sources.

9.Regulatory Compliance:- Ensure that the navigation system complies with legal and
regulatory requirements related to location-based services and privacy.

10. Cost and Resource Constraints:- Establish budget and resource constraints for the
project, including development costs, maintenance, and hardware requirements.

11. Risk Analysis:- Identify potential risks and challenges that may impact the project's
success and develop mitigation strategies.

12. Documentation:- Create a comprehensive requirements document that clearly outlines

all the functional and non-functional requirements, along with priorities and
dependencies.

13. Validation and Verification: - Once the system is developed, verify that it meets the
specified requirements through testing and validation processes.

14. Iterative Process:- Requirement analysis is often an iterative process, and it may be
necessary to revisit and refine the requirements as the project progresses.

5 Feasibility study

A feasibility study is an essential step in the early stages of planning for a project,
venture, or investment. It assesses the practicality and viability of the proposed endeavor,
helping stakeholders make informed decisions about whether to proceed with it.

1. Project Description:- Provide a clear and detailed description of the project, including
its goals, objectives, scope, and purpose. Define the problem or opportunity the project
aims to address.

2. Market Feasibility:- Examine the target market to determine if there is a demand for
the product or service being proposed. Assess market size, trends, competition, and
potential customers.
3. Technical Feasibility:- Evaluate the technical aspects of the project, including whether
the required technology and expertise are available. Assess the feasibility of
implementing the project from a technical standpoint.

4. Financial Feasibility:- Prepare financial projections, including estimates of costs and

revenues. Analyze the project's financial viability, including return on investment (ROI),
payback period, and net present value (NPV).

5. Operational Feasibility:- Examine the practicality of the project's day-to-day

operations. Consider factors such as the availability of resources, personnel, facilities,
and equipment.

6. Legal and Regulatory Feasibility:- Assess the project's compliance with relevant laws,
regulations, and permits. Identify any legal or regulatory barriers that need to be
addressed.

7. Scheduling Feasibility:- Create a timeline for the project, outlining key milestones,
deadlines, and dependencies. Ensure that the project can be completed within a
reasonable timeframe.

8. Resource Feasibility:- Determine the availability of necessary resources, including

funding, materials, and skilled labor. Assess whether the required resources can be
obtained and managed effectively.

9. Risk Analysis:- Identify potential risks and challenges that the project may face.
Develop risk mitigation strategies and contingency plans to address these challenges.

10. Alternative Scenarios:- Consider alternative approaches or scenarios that could

enhance the project's feasibility. Evaluate the pros and cons of different strategies.

11. Recommendations:- Based on the findings of the feasibility study, make a

recommendation to either proceed with the project, modify it, or abandon it. This
recommendation should be supported by a clear rationale.

12. Executive Summary:- Summarize the key findings and recommendations in a concise
executive summary that provides an overview of the feasibility study's results.

Software Requirement Specification

A Software Requirement Specification (SRS) document outlines the detailed

specifications and requirements for a software project. It includes both software and
hardware requirements to ensure that the software can be developed and deployed
effectively. Here's an overview of what's typically included in the SRS regarding
software and hardware requirements:

6 Software Requirements:

1.Operating System (OS):- Specify the minimum and/or recommended operating

system(s) on which the software will run, including versions and any specific
configuration requirements.

2.Programming Language and Frameworks:- Define the programming language(s) and

frameworks that the software will be built upon. Include version details and any specific
libraries or tools required.

3.Database Requirements:- Identify the database management system (DBMS) to be

used, along with version details. Specify database schema and design requirements, as
well as any data storage and retrieval needs.

4.Third-Party Software and Libraries:- List any third-party software, libraries, or APIs
that the software will depend on. Include version information and licensing details.

5.Software Dependencies:- Detail any software components or modules within the

software itself that rely on one another. Define interdependencies and relationships
between different parts of the software.

6.User Interface (UI) Design:- Provide requirements for the graphical user interface
(GUI) design, including layout, color schemes, fonts, and user interaction elements.

7.Functional Requirements:- Outline the specific functions and features the software must
have, such as user authentication, data processing, reporting, and any specific algorithm
or logic requirements.

8.Performance Requirements:- Specify performance benchmarks, including response

times, throughput, and system resource utilization. Define acceptable performance levels
under different scenarios.

9.Security Requirements:- Detail security measures and requirements, such as user access
control, encryption, data protection, and vulnerability assessments.
10.Scalability and Extensibility:- Describe how the software should be designed to
accommodate future growth and expansion. Include considerations for adding new
features or scaling to handle increased user loads.

11.Localization and Internationalization:- If applicable, outline requirements for adapting

the software for different languages, cultures, or regions.

Hardware Requirements:

1.Server Hardware:- Specify the hardware requirements for the server(s) on which the
software will be deployed. Include details such as CPU, RAM, storage, and network
connectivity.

2.Client Hardware:- Define the hardware specifications for devices on which the software
will run, such as desktop computers, mobile devices, or embedded systems. Specify any
minimum requirements for end-user devices.

3.Network Infrastructure:- Describe the network requirements, including bandwidth,

latency, and reliability for the software's operation. Detail any specific networking
hardware or protocols needed.

4.Storage Requirements:- Specify the storage capacity and type (e.g., HDD, SSD) needed
for data storage. Address data backup and redundancy requirements.

5.Environmental Conditions:- If the software will be deployed in specific environmental

conditions, such as extreme temperatures, humidity, or altitude, outline the hardware
requirements for such conditions.

6.Power Supply and Backup:- Detail any power supply and backup requirements for both
servers and client devices, especially in critical or remote locations.

7.Integration with Existing Hardware:- If the software needs to integrate with existing
hardware systems, provide compatibility requirements and interface specifications.

7 Project Plan

1. Project Title and Description:- Provide a clear and concise title for the project,
followed by a brief description that summarizes its purpose and goals.
2. Project Objectives and Scope:- Define the specific objectives that the project aims to
achieve and outline the project's scope, including what's in and out of scope.

3. Stakeholder Identification:- Identify all project stakeholders, including team members,

sponsors, clients, end-users, and any other individuals or groups with an interest in the
project's outcome.

4. Project Deliverables:- List all the tangible outcomes or products that the project will
produce. These could be documents, software, hardware, reports, or any other items.

5. Project Schedule:- Create a detailed timeline that includes project phases, milestones,
and specific deadlines for each task or deliverable. Use a Gantt chart or a project
management tool to visualize the schedule.

6. Task Breakdown and Work Packages:- Decompose the project into smaller tasks or
work packages. Assign responsibilities, estimate task durations, and establish
dependencies between tasks.

7. Resource Allocation:- Specify the resources required for the project, including
personnel, equipment, materials, and budget. Assign team members to tasks and provide
an overview of their roles.

8. Risk Management:- Identify potential risks that could impact the project and develop a
risk management plan. Include risk assessment, mitigation strategies, and contingency
plans.

9. Quality Assurance:- Define the quality standards and procedures that the project will
adhere to. Include quality assurance processes, testing protocols, and acceptance criteria.
10. Communication Plan:- Outline how project stakeholders will communicate with each
other. Specify communication channels, frequency, and reporting mechanisms.

11. Change Management:- Describe how changes to project scope or requirements will
be managed, including the change request process and approval criteria.

12. Procurement and Vendor Management:- If the project involves external vendors or
suppliers, detail the procurement process, contracts, and vendor management procedures.

13. Budget and Cost Management:- Develop a detailed budget, including cost estimates
for resources, materials, and any other project-related expenses. Track actual costs
against the budget.

14. Monitoring and Control:- Explain how the project will be monitored and controlled to
ensure it stays on track. Define key performance indicators (KPIs) and reporting
mechanisms.

15. Closure and Post-Implementation Plan:- Describe the steps and criteria for project
closure, handover, and post-implementation support. This includes documentation,
training, and final reports.

16. Approval and Sign-off:- Establish a formal approval process for the project plan,
including roles and responsibilities of those who must sign off on the plan.

17. Appendices:- Include any supporting documents, references, or templates that are
relevant to the project plan.
8 Graphical User Interfaces/Screen Shots
9 Project Code

1: index.js

import express from 'express';

import mongoose from 'mongoose';

import cors from 'cors';

import { PORT, mongoDBURL } from './config.js';

import LocationRoute from './routes/LocationRoute.js';

const app = express();

app.use(express.json());

/*app.use(cors());*/

/*app.use (cors({

origin: "http://localhost:3000",

methodds:['GET','POST','PUT','DELETE'],

allowedHeaders:['content-type'],
}));*/

app.get('/', (request, response) => {

console.log(request);

return response.status(200).send('Welcome');

});

app.use('/locations', LocationRoute);

mongoose

.connect(mongoDBURL, { useNewUrlParser: true, useUnifiedTopology:

true })

.then(() => {

console.log('App connected to the database');

app.listen(PORT, () => {

console.log(`App is listening on port: ${PORT}`);

});

})

.catch((error) => {

console.error(error);

});

home.jsx

import React, { useEffect, useState } from 'react';

import axios from 'axios';

import Spinner from "../components/spinner";

import { Link } from "react-router-dom";

import { AiOutlineEdit } from 'react-icons/ai'

import { BsInfoCircle } from 'react-icons/bs'

import { MdOutlineAddBox, MdOutlineDelete } from 'react-icons/md';

// Import statements here...

const Home = () => {

const [locations, setLocations] = useState([]);

const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);

useEffect(() => {

axios.get('http://localhost:5555/location')

.then((response) => {

setLocations(response.data.data);

setLoading(false);

})

.catch((error) => {

console.error(error);

setLoading(false);

});

}, []);

return (

<div className='p-4'>

<div className='flex justify-between items-center'>

<h1 className='text-4xl my-8'>Locations</h1>

<Link to='/locations/create'>

<MdOutlineAddBox className='text-sky-800 text-

4xl' />

</Link>
 </div>

{loading ? (

<Spinner />

) : (

<table className="w-full border-separate border-spacing-

2">

<thead>

<tr>

<th className="border border-slate-600

rounded-md">No</th>

<th className="border border-slate-600

rounded-md">Name</th>

<th className="border border-slate-600 rounded-md max-

md:hidden">

Address

</th>

<th className="border border-slate-600 rounded-md">

Annual Revenue

</th>

<th className="border border-slate-600 rounded-md">

Phone Number

</th>

<th className='border border-slate-600 rounded-md'>Operations</th>

</tr>

</thead>

<tbody>

{locations.map((location, index) => (

 <tr key={location._id} className='h-8'>

<td className='border border-slate-700 rounded-md text-

center'>

{index + 1}

</td>

<td className='border border-slate-700 rounded-md text-center'>

{location.name}

</td>

<td className='border border-slate-700 rounded-md text-center max-

md:hidden'>

{location.address}

</td>

<td className='border border-slate-700 rounded-md text-center'>

{location.annual_revenue}

</td>

<td className='border border-slate-700 rounded-md text-center'>

{location.ph_no}

</td>

<td className='border border-slate-700 rounded-md text-center'>

<div className='flex justify-center gap-x-4'>

<Link to={`/locations/$
{location._id}`}>

<BsInfoCircle className='text-2x1 text-green-800'/>

</Link>

<Link to ={'/locations/edit'}>

<AiOutlineEdit className='text-2x1 text-blue-800'/>

</Link>
 <Link to={`/locations/delete/$
{location._id}`}>

<MdOutlineDelete className='text-2x1 text-red-800'/>

</Link>

</div>

</td>

</tr>

))}

</tbody>

</table>

)}

</div>

);

export default Home

10 Future Enhancement

1.Advanced Routing Algorithms: Implement more advanced routing algorithms that take
into account real-time traffic, road conditions, and user preferences to offer optimized
routes.

2. Predictive Analytics:Use machine learning and historical data to predict traffic patterns
and suggest alternative routes to users proactively.

3.Augmented Reality (AR) Navigation: Develop AR features that overlay navigation

instructions onto the real-world view captured by a device's camera, making it easier for
users to follow directions.
4.Voice Assistant Integration: Integrate with voice assistants like Siri, Google Assistant,
or Alexa to provide hands-free navigation and natural language interaction.

5. Multi-Modal Transportation: Enhance the system to support multiple modes of

transportation, including walking, biking, public transit, and ridesharing, with seamless
transitions between them.

6.Indoor Navigation: Extend navigation capabilities to include indoor environments, such

as shopping malls, airports, and large buildings, with turn-by-turn directions and location-
based services.

7. Offline Navigation: Improve offline navigation capabilities, allowing users to

download maps and routes for use in areas with limited or no internet connectivity.

8. Dynamic Re-Routing: Enable the system to automatically update routes based on real-
time traffic incidents or user preferences without requiring manual input.

9.User-Generated Content:Incorporate user-generated content, such as crowd-sourced

traffic data, road closures, and reviews of points of interest, to provide more accurate and
up-to-date information.

10. Geofencing and Location-Based Alerts: Implement geofencing features that trigger
notifications or actions when users enter or exit specific geographical areas or points of
interest.

11.Enhanced Points of Interest (POI):Expand the POI database to include more categories
and comprehensive details, including user reviews, photos, and real-time availability
information.
12.Environmental and Health Considerations:Incorporate features that provide users with
information about environmental factors, such as air quality and pollution levels, or
options for eco-friendly transportation.

13. Customizable UI Themes:Allow users to customize the user interface with themes,
color schemes, and icon sets to personalize their navigation experience.

14. Cross-Platform Integration: Enhance integration with other platforms and devices,
such as in-car navigation systems, wearables, and smart home devices.

15.Emergency Services Integration:Integrate with emergency services to provide users

with immediate assistance in case of accidents, breakdowns, or other emergencies.

16.Eco-Driving Assistance: Provide suggestions for eco-friendly driving practices to

reduce fuel consumption and carbon emissions.

17.Public Transit Information: Expand public transit information to include real-time

schedules, service disruptions, and information about accessibility features for users with
disabilities.

18. Gamification and Rewards: Implement gamification elements to encourage user

engagement, such as earning rewards or points for using the navigation system.

19.Cross-Border Navigation: Improve international navigation capabilities, including

multi-language support, currency conversion, and local driving regulations.
20.Accessibility Features: Enhance accessibility features for users with disabilities,
including voice commands, screen readers, and other assistive technologies.

11 Conclusion

navigation system is a vital technology that has revolutionized the way we find our way
in the world, whether on the road, at sea, or in the air. This sophisticated tool is not only
relied upon for its fundamental function of providing accurate location information but
has also evolved to offer a wide range of features and capabilities to enhance our travel
experiences.

12 References

1."Global Positioning System (GPS)" - U.S. Department of Defense

- This is the official website for the U.S. Department of Defense's GPS program. It
provides information on the history, development, and functioning of the GPS system.

- Website: [GPS.gov](https://www.gps.gov/)

2. "Navigation System"- Encyclopedia Britannica

- The Encyclopedia Britannica entry on navigation systems provides a comprehensive

overview of the topic, including its history and various applications.

- Reference: Encyclopedia Britannica, [Navigation

System](https://www.britannica.com/technology/navigation-system)

3."Navigation Systems in Modern Vehicles: Advancements and Challenges"** - IEEE

Xplore

- This academic paper discusses the advancements and challenges in navigation

systems within modern vehicles.

- Reference: [IEEE Xplore](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9373067)

4. "Feasibility Study: A Complete Guide" - Smartsheet

- This resource offers a comprehensive guide to conducting a feasibility study, which

you can use as a reference when discussing the feasibility of a navigation system in your
report.

- Reference: Smartsheet, [Feasibility Study: A Complete

Guide](https://www.smartsheet.com/complete-guide-feasibility-studies)

5. "Project Plan - Definition, Types, and Key Elements" - ProjectManager.com

- This source provides information on what a project plan is and its key elements,
which can be referenced in the project plan section of your report.

- Reference: ProjectManager.com, [Project Plan - Definition, Types, and Key

Elements](https://www.projectmanager.com/blog/project-plan)

6."Enhancing User Experience in Navigation Systems" - ACM Digital Library

- This academic paper discusses the importance of enhancing user experience in

navigation systems and provides insights into possible improvements.

- Reference: ACM Digital Library, [Enhancing User Experience in Navigation

Systems](https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3265550.3265613)