APM4813/AEM4801/101/0/2021

Tutorial letter 101/0/2021

Engineering Mathematics IV
APM4813/AEM4801

Year module

Department of Mathematical Sciences

IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
This tutorial letter contains important information about your module,
APM4813/AEM4801-2021.
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1. INTRODUCTION AND WELCOME

Welcome to ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS,

APMT4813/AEM4801

3. LECTURER AND CONTACT DETAILS

Contact details:

Prof. J.M. Manale

Corner of Christiaan de Wet Road & Pioneer Avenue
Room 6-055 GJ Gerwel Building
Department of Mathematical Sciences
University of South Africa
Science Campus, Florida 1709, Johannesburg, South Africa

Tel: +27 11 670 9172 / 9147

Fax +27 11 670 9171
E–mail: [email protected]
Online address: https://my.unisa.ac.za

4. MODULE RELATED RESOURCES

4.1 Recommended books

• DG Duffy, Advanced Engineering Mathematics with MATLAB Any edi-

tion,

• KA Stroud (with additions by DJ Booth), Advanced Engineering Math-

ematics Any edition, Palgrave Macmillan

Marks will be allocated for assignments. The average of these marks will form 20% of
the final mark with 80% contributed by the final examination.
 3 APM4813/AEM4801/101/0/2021

Assignments are numbered as 01, 02 and 03.

8.2.1 Unique assignment numbers

In addition to the general number each assignment has its own unique number which must
be written on the assignment.

ASSIGNMENTS Unique numbers

01 685098
02 861200
03 696941

8.2.2 Due dates of assignment

THE CUT–OFF SUBMISSION DATES FOR THE ASSIGNMENTS

Assignment 01 Recommended closing date: 03 May 2021

Assignment 02 Recommended closing date: 07 June 2021
Assignment 03 Recommended closing date: 05 July 2021

8.3 Submission of assignments

Assignments should be submitted online.

• The year mark contributes to 20%.

• The examination mark contributes to 80%.

The year mark is in turn calculated from the scores obtained for the assignments with each
assignment contributing to the year mark. Their contribution towards the year mark are
as shown in the table below:
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ASSIGNMENT CONTRIBUTION
NUMBER TOWARDS YEAR MARK

01 33%

02 33%

03 34%

TOTAL =100%
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8.4 Assignments

Assignment 01
Unique number: 685098
Recommended closing date: 03 May 2021

Question 1: The Bisection method:

Consider the function

f (x) = 3x + sin(x) − ex .

(1.1) Use the bisection method to determine a root of f (x) in the interval (0, 2), using up
to ten iterations.

(10)

(1.2) Repeat the above question by using Mathematica commands. Give a command to
generate each iteration. Present all commands and results generated.

(10)

(1.3) Give a single Mathematica command that determines a root of f (x) in the interval
(0, 2), and run it. Present all the results. (3)

(1.4) Give a single Mathematica command that plots f (x) in the interval −1 < x < 1.5
and 0 < f (x) < 2, label the axes accordingly as x and f (x). Present both the
command and the plot. (2)

[25]

Question 2: Newton’s method:

Consider the same function

f (x) = 3x + sin(x) − ex .

(2.1) Use the Newton’s method method to determine a root of f (x) in the interval (0, 2),
using up to ten iterations.
 6

(10)

(2.2) Repeat the above question by using Mathematica commands. Give a command to
generate each iteration, using Newton’s method. Present all commands and results
generated.

(10)

(2.3) Give a single Mathematica command that plots f (x) = x3 + 2x2 − x + 5 in the
interval −5 < x < 5 and −5 < f (x) < 10, label the axes accordingly as x and
f (x). Determine the root graphically, by estimating it off the plot. Present both the
command and the plot. (5)

[25]

Question 3: The x = g(x) method:

Use the x = g(x) method to determine the root of f (x) mentioned in Question 1. Provide
the same details asked for.

(25)

Question 4: Lagrangian interpolation:

Suppose that we have the following data pairs-x-values and f (x)-values- where f (x) is
some unknown function:

Table 0.0.1: Data for curve fitting

x f (x)

3.2 22
2.7 17.8
1.0 14.2
4.8 38.3
5.6 51.7
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(4.1) Use the Lagrangian polynomial to interpolate the data in the table.

(5)

(4.2) Repeat the above question by using Mathematica commands. Give a command to
generate the whole interpolation. Present all commands and results generated.

(5)

(4.3) Give a single Mathematica command that uses Lagrangian polynomial to interpolate
the data in the table.

(5)

(4.4) Plot the points in the table using mathematica.

(5)

(4.5) Plot the interpolation polynomial you obtained using mathematica.

(5)

[25]
TOTAL: [100]
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Assignment 02
Unique number: 861200
Recommended closing date: 07 June 2021

Question 1: Numerical integration:

Consider Table 0.0.2.

Table 0.0.2: Data for curve fitting

x f (x)

1.6 4.953
1.8 6.050
2.0 7.389
2.2 9.025
2.4 11.023
2.6 13.464
2.8 16.445
3.0 20.086
3.2 24.533
3.4 29.964
3.6 36.598
3.8 44.701

(1.1) Use the trapezoidal rule to estimate the integral from x = 1.8 to x = 3.4, using a
hand calculator.

(5)

(1.2) Solve (1.1) using a mathematica program.

(5)

(1.3) Replace the trapezoidal rule in (1.1) with the Romberg integration rule, then inte-
grate with a calculator and a mathematica program.
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(10)

[20]

Question 2: Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations:

Consider the ordinary differential equation

dy
= −2x − y,
dx

with the initial condition

y(0) = 1.

(2.1) Solve the given equation analytically, and plot the results.

(10)

(2.2) Solve the given equation using Euler’s formula in the interval (0.0, 0.4), step h = 0.1,
and plot the results.

(10)

(2.3) Solve the given equation using Euler’s modified formula in the interval (0.0, 0.4),
step h = 0.1, and plot the results.

(10)

(2.4) Use the Runge-Kutta of the fourth order, on the same given equation, and same step
size, on the interval (0.0, 0.6) (20)

(2.7) Write mathematica programs to execute Euler’s formula, Modified Euler’s formula
and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta.

[10,10,10]

TOTAL: [100]
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Assignment 03
Unique number: 696941
Recommended closing date: 05 July 2021

Question 1: Finite-element analysis for Ordinary Differential Equations:

Consider the equation

d2 y
+ y = 3x2 , (0.1)
dx2

with the boundary conditions (0, 0) and (2, 4).

(1.1) Suppose y is determined by

7x
u= + c2 x(x − 2) + c3 x2 (x − 2).
4

Use the The Rayleigh-Ritz method to determine c2 and c3 , then plot u.

(10)

(1.2) Now solve the equation using the collocation method.

(5)

(1.3) Use the Galerkin Method on the same problem.

(5)

(1.4) Fully discuss how the finite element analysis/method is used to solve an ordinary
differential equation of the form

d2 y
+ Q(x)y = F (x),
dx2

on the interval a < x < b. (5)

(1.5) Apply the method discussed in (1.4) to equation (0.1). (10)

[35]
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Question 2: Finite-element analysis for Partial Differential Equations:

(2.1) Consider the partial differential equation

∂2u ∂2u ∂2u

A + B + C + f (x, y, u) = 0.
∂x2 ∂x∂y ∂y 2

Discuss the conditions which the parameters A, B and C have to satisfy, in order for
the equation to be elliptic, parabolic or hyperbolic.

(3)

(2.2) Fully discuss how the finite element analysis/method is used to solve the parabolic
equation
∂2u ∂2u
+ 2 + Q(x, y)u = f (x, y).
∂x2 ∂y
(22)

[25]
TOTAL: [60]
 MODULE FORM

DEPARTMENT
Mathematical Sciences
DATE 18/03/2021

 Fill in or click where appropriate in the document

 The letter 'N' indicates that the item is not subject to Senate approval
 The filename is “module code_yyyymmddˮ; example DSC4810_MF_20140904

Is this a new module? Yes No

 If YES: Fill in the details of the new module
 If NO: Change the required information and highlight in yellow

1 Module title Advanced Engineering Mathematics

2 Module code Existing code

New code
(Provisional) APM4813/AEM4801
Codes equivalent Yes No N/A
3 Implementation date New module 2020
Revised module
4 Levels Study level 1 2 3 4 5 6
NQF level 5 6 7 8 9 10
5 Credits 12 24 156 336
Credits (Other)
Total Credits 12
6 Semester / year module
Semester

Year X
7 Module type Taught X
Research

Practical

Experiential
Learning e.g.
(WIL)
8 CESM Category Number Name of category
First order 15 Mathematics and Statistics
Second order 1501 Mathematics
Mathematics, General
Third order 150101

9 Requisites Modules (list module codes or “noneˮ if no requisites)

Pre-requisites
EMT4801
Co-requisites NONE
Recommendations NONE
10 Purpose statement (maximum 1000 characters including spaces)

Page 1 of 6
 This module will be useful to students in engineering who need to be equipped with a scope of knowledge regarding
more advanced mathematical concepts and techniques, necessary in various fields of engineering. In particular
convergence tests for series of a single variable and their applications to power series, the basic theory of complex
functions and their differentiation and integration, a more advanced knowledge of the theory of Laplace transforms
(including transfer functions and stability criteria), Z-transforms as a discrete-time analog of the Laplace transform,
and the state space approach to dealing with MIMO systems. The students are also expected to solve algebraic
and differential equations. Also able to use Software, like Mathematica or Matlab.

11 Syllabus (maximum 1000 characters including spaces)

The syllabus is a combination of different types of knowledge topics (concepts, processes, context), skills and
values and includes the following topics:

Sequences and series

Power series
Complex functions
Laplace transforms and transfer functions
The state space approach to MIMO systems (continuous time)
Z-transforms and transfer functions
The state space approach to MIMO systems (discrete time)
Numerical Mathematics
Computational Laplace and Z-transforms
Numerical differentiation and integration
Numerical solutions of ordinary differential equations
Numerical solutions of partial differential equations

1.
12 Language of tuition English only X
Afrikaans and English
Other language(s)
Specify other
language(s)

13 Programme(s) where module is included ('N')

Bachelor of Engineering Technology Honours in
Power Engineering
Subject linking ('N') (Under which subject in
14 N/A
myModules?)
Mode of delivery (Tuition) Blended
Online X
15 Mode of delivery (Study Material) Print
Blended
Online X
16 Assessment Criteria
Formative Blended X
Online X
Summative Venue based Yes No X

Supplementary Yes X No
Supplementary
40% X 50%
subminimum
Non-venue exam type Portfolio
E-Portfolio
Timed Assessment X
Practical
Peer assessment
Continuous assessment

Page 2 of 6
 Webinar
Oral
Project
Research Proposal
Research Report
Research Project
Take home exam
Dissertation/Thesis
Other
Specify “Other”
Formative
Final mark composition 20%
assessment (%)
80%

Summative
(Total should be 100%)
assessment (%)

17 Specific outcomes and assessment criteria

Specific outcome Assessment criteria
2. You understand what is meant by the phrase
``convergence of a sequence'';
3. Know how to compute the limits of some basic convergent
sequences (including ones that are defined by some given
recursive formula);
4. Know what is meant by the terms arithmetic progression,
harmonic progression and geometric progression, and be
able to identify such sequences.
5. Understand what is meant by the phrase convergence of a
series;
6. Know what is meant by the term geometric series, and be
able to determine whether or not a given geometric series
converges, and also able to compute the sum of those that
do converge;
7. Understand and be able to apply the various convergence
tests;
Series and their Convergence 8. If convergence of a series can be proved by one of the
We will know you are competent to test ratio test, or the alternating series test, the student should
1 know how to estimate the maximum error when such a
(power) series for convergence and
estimate the sums of certain series if: series is estimated by the sum of the first n terms.
9. Know what is meant by the terms power series and interval
of convergence;
10. Know how to compute the interval of convergence of a
given power series.
11. Know and understand the concepts of Maclaurin series and
Taylor series (revision);
12. Know the Maclaurin expansions of some elementary
functions like exp(x), ln(1+x), sin x, cos(x) and (h+ x)^n;
13. Know when and how to perform basic operations with
power series like adding, subtracting, multiplying,
differentiating and integrating;
14. Given a function which is a combination of elementary
functions, know how to compute the Taylor series of the
given function from those of the elementary functions, by
means of the above operations.

1. You are familiar with the definitions of elementary complex

2 Complex Analysis
functions;

Page 3 of 6
 2. Able to interpret complex functions as coordinate
We will know you are competent to use and transformations of the complex plane;
apply complex functions if: 3. Familiar with the concept of modulus and know how it is
used to describe distance;
4. Know how the equation of a circle may be written in terms
of the modulus;
5. Know what effect transformations defined in terms of the
elementary operations with complex numbers will have on
regions in the complex plane;
6. Be able to apply this knowledge to compute the images of
simple regions under such transformations;
7. Understand what is meant by respectively saying that a
complex function is differentiable, and that it is analytic;
8. Be familiar with the Cauchy-Riemann equations and able to
use them to determine where a given function is
differentiable;
9. Know what is meant by a harmonic function, be able to test
for harmonicity, and be able to compute harmonic
conjugates;
10. Know what is meant by a conformal mapping and be able
to test a given function for conformality;
11. Are familiar with the definitions of the three types of
isolated singularities and be able to test whether such a
singularity is either removable or a pole;
12. Know what a contour integral is and be able to compute
some simple contour integrals;
13. Know when antiderivatives may be used to compute a
complex integral, and be able to do such a calculation
when necessary;
14. Know and are able to apply Cauchy's theorem;
15. Know and are able to apply Cauchy's integral formulas to
compute integrals of complex functions of the form f(z)/p(z)
where p is a polynomial;
16. Are familiar with the concepts of a complex power series
and its region of convergence; Know and be able to apply
the complex version of Taylor’s theorem;
17. Are able to use either Taylor’s theorem, or results on
geometric series to compute regions of convergence of
given Taylor series;
18. Know the Maclaurin expansions of some elementary
functions like exp(z), Ln(1+z), sin(z), cos(z) and (1+ z)^n;
19. Are familiar with Laurent's theorem and the concept of a
Laurent series;
20. Are able to use either Taylor's theorem, or results on
geometric series to compute regions of convergence of
given Taylor series;
21. Know the Maclaurin expansions of some elementary
functions like exp(z), Ln(1+z), sin(z), cos(z) and (1+ z)^n;
22. Given a function which appears as a combination of
elementary functions, are able to use basic operations with
series to compute the Laurent expansion of this function
from the associated Taylor expansions of these elementary
functions including the annulus of convergence of such an
expansion;
23. Know how to determine the type of an isolated singularity
from the form of the Laurent series at that point;
24. Are familiar with the concept of a residue and able compute
residues of poles;
25. Are familiar with Cauchy's Residue theorem, and able to
apply it to compute contour integrals of complex functions
around closed contours;
26. Are able to use residue theory to compute real integrals
involving sines and cosines, and improper real integrals of
certain rational functions.

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 1. You understand how the theory of Laplace Transforms can
be extended to a complex variable;
2. Understand and are able to apply the initial value and final
value;
3. Are able to use tables of Laplace transforms to compute
both Laplace transforms and inverse transforms;
4. Understand the convolution theorem and are able to apply
it in computing inverse transforms;
5. Understand and are able to apply the Laplace method for
solving systems of simultaneous linear constant coefficient
differential equations;
6. Are familiar with the definition of Heaviside step and Dirac
impulse functions;
7. Able to use Heaviside step functions to write down concise
formulations of piecewise-continuous functions, and from
this formulation to compute the Laplace transform of such
functions;
8. Are familiar with and able to use the theory of Laplace
transforms of periodic functions;
9. Understand and are familiar with the sifting property of
impulse functions;
10. Understand and are familiar with the relationship between
step and impulse functions;
Laplace Transforms
11. Understand the concept of a transfer function and are able
to compute transfer functions of systems governed by
3 We will know you are competent to use and linear constant coefficient differential equations;
apply Laplace Transforms at a
12. Are able to use the transfer function of a system to
more advanced level if: compute the response of the system to a given input;
13. Know how the stability of a systems can be described in
terms of the poles of the transfer function;
14. Know the Routh-Hurwitz criterion and are able to use it to
test the stability of a given transfer function;
15. Know how the applicability of the final value theorem
depends on the stability of a system;
16. Know the meaning of the term “impulse response” and are
familiar with the relationship between the impulse response
and the transfer function;
17. Know the meaning of the term “step response” and are
familiar with the relationship between the step response,
impulse response, and the transfer function;
18. Know how to use convolution with the impulse response to
compute the response of a system to an arbitrary input;
19. Know what is meant by a “state space equation” and know
how such equations can be used to give a concise
expression for both MIMO and SISO systems;
20. Know how SISO systems may be written is state space
form;
21. Are able to solve state space equations using both matrix-
valued functions and the Laplace transform method.

1. You are familiar with the basic definitions and properties of

the Z-transform;
2. Understand and are able to apply the initial value theorem,
final value theorem, and convolution theorem for Z-
transforms;
Z-transforms
3. Understand the meaning of the term “inverse Z-transform”
and are able to use tables of Z-transforms to compute
4 We will know you are competent to use and inverse Z-transforms;
apply the theory of Z-transforms 4. Understand and are able to apply the Z-transform method
if: for solving linear constant coefficient difference equations;
5. Understand the concept of a Z-transfer function and are
able to compute transfer functions of systems governed by
linear constant coefficient difference equations;
6. Are able to use the transfer function of a system to
compute the response of the system to a given input;

Page 5 of 6
 7. Know the meaning of the term “impulse response” and are
familiar with the relationship between the impulse response
and the transfer function;
8. Know how to use convolution with the impulse response to
compute the response of a system to an arbitrary input;
9. Know how the stability of a systems can be described in
terms of the poles of the transfer function;
10. Know what is meant by a “state space equation” in the
discrete-time case;
11. Know how discrete-time SISO systems may be written in
state space form;
12. Able to solve state space equations using the Z-transform
method.

1. Know how to solve nonlinear equations using the Bisection

method, Newton’s method, and the x=g(x) method.
2. Know how to interpolate curves using Lagrangian
5 Numerical Mathematics
polynomials and divided difference.
3. Know how to use programs like MATHEMATICA and
MATLAB to execute the above
1. Know how to use execute Laplace and Z-transforms using
6 Computation Laplace and Z-transforms
programs like MATHEMATICA and MATLAB.
1. Know how to use the Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules to
differentiate and integrate functions.
7 Numerical differentiation and integration
2. Know how to use programs like MATHEMATICA and
MATLAB to execute the above
1. Know how to solve ordinary differential equations using
Numerical solutions of ordinary differential Euler and Runge-Kutta methods.
8
equations. 2. Know how to use programs like MATHEMATICA and
MATLAB to execute the above
1. Know how to solve the elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic
Numerical solutions of partial differential equations.
9
equations. 2. Know how to use programs like MATHEMATICA and
MATLAB to execute the above
1. Understand the Finite elements method for Ordinary and
Partial differential equations.
10 Finite elements
2. Know how to use programs like MATHEMATICA and
MATLAB to execute the above

Name

Submitted by Signature

Date

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