Web Technology
What is Networking ?
Hindi Japnes
English Protocal
Translator
Sever and Client
Element of Client-Server Computing
Single Machine Multiple Clients
Client is a Process
• CuteFTP is used to transfer files between computers and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) servers to
publish web pages, download digital images, music, multi-media files and software, and transfer
files of any size or type between home and office.
Server is a Process
Single Machine Multiple Servers
Server & Client
How Clients and Servers Identified ?
Ports
Communication Rule Protocol
Protocol over Phone
Protocol Responsibilities
Protocol Stack Communication
TCP/IP Protocol Stack
TCP Protocols
UDP Protocols
Network Ports
Ports
Sockets
Web Application
Web Servers
URL
• A URL is a type of uniform resource identifier
and is address of a resource on the World
Wide Web and the protocol used to access it.
It is used to indicate the location of a web
resource to access the web pages. For
example, to visit the google website, you will
go to the URL www.google.com, which is the
URL for the google website. A URL represents
the address of a resource, including the
protocol used to access it.
• The URL sends users to a specific resource online such as
video, webpage, or other resources. When you search any
query on Google, it will display the multiple URLs of the
resource that are all related to your search query. The
displayed URLs are the hyperlink to access the webpages.
• A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) contains the
information, which is as follows:
• The port number on the server, which is optional.
• It contains a protocol that is used to access the resource.
• The location of the server
• A fragment identifier
• In the directory structure of the server, it contains the
location of the resource.
• The additional information about the URL is described below with the help of an
example:
• Let's take an example: https://www.ipsacademy.org/test.html, it indicates the
test.htm is a file located on the server with the address of google.com.
• http:// or https://
• The http is a protocol that stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It tells the browser
to which protocol will be preferred to use for accessing the information that is
specified in the domain.
• The https (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is an enhanced protocol as compared
to http as it concerned with security. It provides the surety that the information,
which is transmitted over HTTP is secure and encrypted. The colon (:) and two
forward slashes (//) are used to separate the protocol from the rest of the part of the
URL.
• www.
• The www is used to distinguish the content, which stands for World Wide Web. This
portion of the URL can be left out many times, as it is not required. For instance, if
you type "http://ipsacademyorg ," you will still get the ipsacademy website. For an
important subpage, this portion can also be substituted, which is known as a
subdomain.
• ipsacademy.org
• The javatpoint.org is the domain name for the website, and the
.com is called TLD or suffix. It helps to identify the location or
type of the website. For example, ".org" stands for an
organization, ".co.uk" stands for the United Kingdom, and ".com"
is for commercial. There are various types of domain suffixes
available; you are required to register the name through a
domain registrar to get a domain.
• test.htm
• The test.htm is the name of the web page, and the .htm is the file
extension of the web page, which describes the file is
an HTML file. There are many other file extensions available on
the internet such as .php, .html, .xml, .jpg, .gif, .asp, .cgi, etc.
• What is DNS?
• DNS stands for Domain Name System.
• DNS is used when you use an internet. DNS is used
to convert human-friendly domain names (such
as https://www.google.com) into an Internet
Protocol (IP) address.
• IP addresses are used by computers to identify each
other on the network.
• IP addresses are of two types, i.e., Ipv4 and Ipv6.
DNS
• An application layer protocol defines how the
application processes running on different systems,
pass the messages to each other.
• DNS stands for Domain Name System.
• DNS is a directory service that provides a mapping
between the name of a host on the network and its
numerical address.’
• DNS is a service that translates the domain name into
IP addresses. This allows the users of networks to
utilize user-friendly names when looking for other
hosts instead of remembering the IP addresses.
• DNS stands for Domain Name System. The internet world is completely
based on IP (Internet Protocol) address. To access any website you need
to know its IP address which is a long numeric code and is not possible to
learn. Now, here comes the role of DNS. A DNS is an internet service that
translates a domain name into corresponding IP address. Domain name
used here is alphabetic and can be easily remembered.
• For example, www.example.com is a domain name of a site. And with
the help of DNS it will get translate into its IP address 198.105.232.4.
Or
• For example, suppose the FTP site at EduSoft had an IP address of
132.147.165.50, most people would reach this site by specifying
ftp.EduSoft.com. Therefore, the domain name is more reliable than IP
address.
• DNS is a TCP/IP protocol used on different platforms. The domain name
space is divided into three different sections: generic domains, country
domains, and inverse domain.
• DNS is a TCP/IP protocol used on different platforms. The
domain name space is divided into three different sections:
generic domains, country domains, and inverse domain.
Generic Domains
• It defines the registered hosts
according to their generic
behaviour.
• Each node in a tree defines
the domain name, which is an
index to the DNS database.
• It uses three-character labels,
and these labels describe the
organization type .
• Country Domain
• The format of country domain is same as a generic domain,
but it uses two-character country abbreviations (e.g., us for
the United States) in place of three character
organizational abbreviations.
• Inverse Domain
• The inverse domain is used for mapping an address to a
name. When the server has received a request from the
client, and the server contains the files of only authorized
clients. To determine whether the client is on the
authorized list or not, it sends a query to the DNS server
and ask for mapping an address to the name.
FTP
• FTP stands for File transfer protocol.
• FTP is a standard internet protocol provided by TCP/IP used
for transmitting the files from one host to another.
• It is mainly used for transferring the web page files from
their creator to the computer that acts as a server for other
computers on the internet.
• It is also used for downloading the files to computer from
other servers.
Objectives of FTP
• It provides the sharing of files.
• It is used to encourage the use of remote computers.
• It transfers the data more reliably and efficiently
• Why FTP?
• Although transferring files from one system to another is very simple and
straightforward, but sometimes it can cause problems. For example, two systems
may have different file conventions. Two systems may have different ways to
represent text and data. Two systems may have different directory structures. FTP
protocol overcomes these problems by establishing two connections between
hosts. One connection is used for data transfer, and another connection is used
for the control connection.
Telnet
• The main task of the internet is to provide services to users. For
example, users want to run different application programs at the
remote site and transfers a result to the local site. This requires a
client-server program such as FTP, SMTP. But this would not allow
us to create a specific program for each demand.
• The better solution is to provide a general client-server program
that lets the user access any application program on a remote
computer. Therefore, a program that allows a user to log on to a
remote computer. A popular client-server program Telnet is used
to meet such demands. Telnet is an abbreviation for Terminal
Network.
• Telnet provides a connection to the remote computer in such a
way that a local terminal appears to be at the remote side.
