Master

All Common Checklist

CAP Accreditation Program

College of American Pathologists

325 Waukegan Road
Northfield, IL 60093-2750
www.cap.org 10.24.2022
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Disclaimer and Copyright Notice

CAP inspections are performed with the edition of the Checklists mailed to a facility at the completion
of the application or reapplication process, not necessarily those currently posted on the website. The
checklists undergo regular revision and a new edition may be published after the inspection materials
are sent.

For questions about the use of the Checklists or Checklist interpretation, email [email protected] or call
800-323-4040 or 847-832-7000 (international customers, use country code 001).

The Checklists used for inspection by the College of American Pathologists' Accreditation Programs
have been created by the CAP and are copyrighted works of the CAP. The CAP has authorized copying
and use of the checklists by CAP inspectors in conducting laboratory inspections for the Council on
Accreditation and by laboratories that are preparing for such inspections. Except as permitted by section
107 of the Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. sec. 107, any other use of the Checklists constitutes infringement
of the CAP's copyrights in the Checklists. The CAP will take appropriate legal action to protect these
copyrights.

All Checklists are ©2022. College of American Pathologists. All rights reserved.
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All Common Checklist

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUMMARY OF CHANGES....................................................................................................................4
UNDERSTANDING THE CAP ACCREDITATION CHECKLIST COMPONENTS................................ 6
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................... 6
DEFINITION OF TERMS....................................................................................................................... 6
ALL COMMON CHECKLIST............................................................................................................... 12
PROFICIENCY TESTING.................................................................................................................................................. 12
QUALITY MANAGEMENT................................................................................................................................................. 21
GENERAL ISSUES..................................................................................................................................................... 21
SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND HANDLING............................................................................................................. 24
POLICY AND PROCEDURE MANUAL.......................................................................................................................27
RESULTS REPORTING.............................................................................................................................................. 31
REAGENTS................................................................................................................................................................. 33
INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT............................................................................................................................37
Instrument and Equipment Maintenance/Function Checks.................................................................................. 37
Thermometers....................................................................................................................................................... 40
Temperature-Dependent Instruments, Equipment, and Environments.................................................................41
Volumetric Glassware and Pipettes...................................................................................................................... 42
Analytical Balances............................................................................................................................................... 45
WAIVED TEST IMPLEMENTATION..................................................................................................................................46
TEST METHOD VALIDATION AND VERIFICATION - NONWAIVED TESTS..................................................................47
INDIVIDUALIZED QUALITY CONTROL PLAN (IQCP).....................................................................................................60
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ON-LINE CHECKLIST AVAILABILITY AND RESOURCES

Participants of the CAP accreditation programs may download the checklists from the CAP website (cap.org)
by logging into e-LAB Solutions Suite. They are available in different checklist types and formatting options,
including:

● Master — contains ALL of the requirements and instructions available in PDF, Word/XML or Excel
formats
● Custom — customized based on the laboratory's activity (test) menu; available in PDF, Word/XML or
Excel formats
● Changes Only — contains only those requirements with significant changes since the previous checklist
edition in a track changes format to show the differences; in PDF version only. Requirements that have
been moved or merged appear in a table at the end of the file.

A repository of questions and answers and other resources is also available in e-LAB Solutions Suite under
Accreditation Resources, Checklist Requirement Q & A.

SUMMARY OF CHECKLIST EDITION CHANGES

All Common Checklist
10/24/2022 Edition
The information below includes a listing of checklist requirements with significant changes in the current edition
and previous edition of this checklist. The list is separated into three categories:
1. New
2. Revised:
● Modifications that may require a change in policy, procedure, or process for continued
compliance; or
● A change to the Phase
3. Deleted/Moved/Merged:
● Deleted
● Moved — Relocation of a requirement into a different checklist (requirements that have been
resequenced within the same checklist are not listed)
● Merged — The combining of similar requirements

NOTE: The requirements listed below are from the Master version of the checklist. The customized checklist
version created for inspections and self-evaluations may not list all of these requirements.

Previously Cited Checklist Requirements

● The inspector's version of the checklist contains a listing of previously cited checklist
requirements. Specific information on those citations, including the inspection date and
inspector comments, is included following each related requirement within the checklist.
● Laboratories can access data on previously cited deficiencies by logging into e-LAB Solutions
Suite on cap.org and going to Accreditation Reports - Inspection Summation Report.

NEW Checklist Requirements

Requirement Effective Date

COM.06250 09/22/2021
COM.10050 09/22/2021
COM.40625 09/22/2021

REVISED Checklist Requirements

Requirement Effective Date

COM.01100 09/22/2021
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COM.01300 09/22/2021
COM.01400 09/22/2021
COM.01500 09/22/2021
COM.01520 10/24/2022
COM.01600 09/22/2021
COM.01700 09/22/2021
COM.01800 09/22/2021
COM.04000 09/22/2021
COM.06300 09/22/2021
COM.10000 09/22/2021
COM.10100 09/22/2021
COM.30000 10/24/2022
COM.30350 09/22/2021
COM.30400 09/22/2021
COM.30450 09/22/2021
COM.30575 10/24/2022
COM.30750 09/22/2021
COM.30775 09/22/2021
COM.30800 09/22/2021
COM.30840 09/22/2021
COM.30870 09/22/2021
COM.30980 10/24/2022
COM.40300 09/22/2021
COM.40350 09/22/2021
COM.40640 09/22/2021
COM.40700 09/22/2021
COM.40800 09/22/2021
COM.40805 09/22/2021

DELETED/MOVED/MERGED Checklist Requirements

Requirement Effective Date

COM.01000 10/23/2022
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UNDERSTANDING THE CAP ACCREDITATION

CHECKLIST COMPONENTS
All checklist requirements contain a requirement number, subject header, phase, and a declarative statement.
Some requirements also contain the following:

● Policy/Procedure Icon:
❍ The placement of the icon next to a checklist requirement indicates that a written policy or
procedure is required to demonstrate compliance with the requirement.
❍ The icon is not intended to imply that a separate policy or procedure is required to address
individual requirements. A single policy or procedure may cover multiple checklist requirements.
● NOTE:
❍ Additional detail used to assist in interpreting the requirement. Information in the NOTE is
considered integral to the requirement and must be complied with as part of the declarative
statement itself, unless it is expressed as a best practice or recommendation.
● Evidence of Compliance (EOC):
❍ A listing of suggested ways to demonstrate compliance with the requirement; some elements
are required

The Master version of the checklist also contains references and the inspector R.O.A.D. instructions (Read,
Observe, Ask, Discover), which can provide valuable insight for the basis of requirements and on how
compliance will be assessed.

INTRODUCTION

The All Common Checklist (COM) contains a core set of requirements that apply to all areas performing
laboratory tests and procedures. In some instances, the same requirement exists in both the COM Checklist and
in a discipline-specific checklist, but with more specificity in the discipline-specific checklist. In these situations,
the discipline-specific requirement takes precedence.

One COM Checklist is provided for inspection of each laboratory section or department. If more than one
inspector is assigned to inspect a section, each inspector must be familiar with the COM requirements and
ensure that all testing is in compliance.

Certain requirements are different for waived versus nonwaived tests. Refer to the checklist headings and
explanatory text to determine applicability based on test complexity. The current list of tests waived under CLIA
may be found at http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfClia/analyteswaived.cfm

The use of the term "patient" within checklist requirements when referring to specimens, records, testing,
reports, and other required elements is intended to apply broadly to the population served by the laboratory and
may also include donors, clients, and study participants.

Laboratories not subject to US regulations: Checklist requirements apply to all laboratories unless a specific
disclaimer of exclusion is stated in the checklist. When the phrase "FDA-cleared/approved test (or assay)" is
used within the checklist, it also applies to tests approved by an internationally recognized regulatory authority
(eg, CE-marking).

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Addendum - Information appended to a final report with no changes to the original test result(s); original report
is intact and unchanged, the addendum is added as an attachment or supplement to the original report.
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Alternative performance assessment - A system for determining the reliability of laboratory examinations for
which no commercial proficiency testing products are available, are not appropriate for the method or patient
population served by the laboratory, or participation is not required by the accrediting organization.

Amended/amendment - Any change in a previously issued anatomic pathology or cytopathology report

intended to correct an inaccuracy, including changes in the diagnosis, narrative text, clinical history, pre- and
post-operative diagnoses, patient identification, or other content.

Analytical performance characteristics - For a specific test, the properties of a test identified from data
collected during analytical validation or analytical verification studies.

Analytical validation - The process used to confirm with objective evidence that a laboratory-developed or
modified FDA-cleared/approved test method or instrument system delivers reliable results for the intended
application.

Analytical verification - The process by which a laboratory determines that an unmodified FDA-cleared/
approved test performs according to the specifications set forth by the manufacturer when used as directed.

Annual - Every 12 calendar months

Authority - The power to give orders or make decisions: the power or right to direct someone or control a
process

Biennial - Every 24 calendar months

Biorepository - An entity that collects, processes, stores, manages, and distributes biospecimens for research
purposes. The term laboratory may also be used in the checklist to generically refer to a biorepository
participating in the CAP's Biorepository Accreditation Program.

Check - Examination to determine the accuracy, quality or presence of any attribute of a test system

Clinical performance characteristics - For a specific test, the properties of a test identified from data collected
during studies of clinical validation, clinical utility, or clinical usefulness.

Clinical validation - The determination of the ability of a test to diagnose or predict risk of a particular health
condition or predisposition, measured by sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values

Commutable - The property of a reference material that yields the same numeric result as would a patient's
specimen containing the same quantity of analyte in the analytic method under discussion (ie, matrix effects are
absent).

Confirmation - Substantiation of the correctness of a value or process

Corrected/correction - A change in a previously issued clinical pathology test report intended to correct an
inaccuracy, including changes in test results, patient identification, reference intervals, interpretation, or other
content.

Corrective Action - Action taken to eliminate the cause of a detected nonconformity or other undesirable
situation

Correlation - Establishment of agreement between two or more measured values

Credentialing - The process of obtaining, verifying, and assessing the qualifications of a practitioner to provide
care in a health care organization
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Device - Any reagent, reagent product, kit, instrument, apparatus, equipment or related product, whether used
alone or in combination, intended by the manufacturer to be distributed for use in vitro for the examination of
human specimens

Digital image analysis - The computer-assisted software detection or quantification of specific features in
an image following enhancement and processing of that image, including analysis of immunohistochemistry
samples, DNA analysis, morphometric analysis, and in situ hybridization

Distributive testing - Laboratory testing performed on the same specimen, or aliquot of it, that requires sharing
between two or more laboratories (with different CLIA/CAP numbers) to provide a final, reportable result for the
originally-ordered test. The laboratories involved may perform separate steps of "wet" testing, or may perform
calculations, data analysis/informatics processing, or interpretive processes; all such models fall under the term
distributive testing.

Equipment - Single apparatus or set of devices or apparatuses needed to perform a specific task

Examination - In the context of checklist requirements, examination refers to the process of inspection of
tissues and samples prior to analysis. An examination is not an analytical test.

External quality control - A stable material designed to simulate a patient specimen for monitoring the
performance of a test procedure or system to ensure reliable results. Common examples include positive and
negative liquid materials or swabs provided with test kits; assayed and unassayed liquid controls provided by
an instrument manufacturer, third party supplier or prepared by the laboratory; and control slides purchased
or prepared by the laboratory to demonstrate appropriate reactivity or staining characteristics. In contrast to
internal quality control processes, external quality control materials are not built into the performance of the
clinical assay. External quality control materials are not to be confused with external quality assessment (EQA)
program materials (external proficiency testing).

FDA - 1) For laboratories subject to US regulations, FDA refers to the US Food and Drug Administration, which
is the regulatory body under Health and Human Services (HHS) with authority to regulate in vitro diagnostic
products such as kits, reagents, instruments, and test systems; 2) For laboratories not subject to US regulations,
FDA refers to the national, state or provincial, or local authority having jurisdiction over in vitro diagnostic test
systems.

Function Check - Confirmation that an instrument or item of equipment operates according to manufacturer's
specifications prior to initial use, at prescribed intervals, or after minor adjustment (e.g. base line calibration,
balancing/zero adjustment, thermometer calibration, reagent delivery).

High complexity - Rating given by the FDA to commercially marketed in vitro diagnostic tests based on their
risks to public health. Tests in this category are seen to have the highest risks to public health.

Instrument - An analytical unit that uses samples to perform chemical or physical assays (e.g. chemistry
analyzer, hematology analyzer)

Instrument platform - Any of a series of similar or identical analytical methods intended by their manufacturer
to give identical patient results across all models

Internal quality control - Processes integrated into the testing instrument and/or test system designed to
monitor the performance of a test to ensure reliable results. Internal quality control may include electronic, built-
in, or procedural control systems. On instruments/test systems with internal QC processes, performing the
internal QC is typically a physical requirement of performance of the assay on clinical specimens.

Laboratory - Term used to refer to a clinical laboratory, biorepository, forensic drug testing laboratory, or
reproductive laboratory participating in the CAP accreditation programs.

Laboratory Director - The individual who is responsible for the overall operation and administration of
the laboratory, including provision of timely, reliable and clinically relevant test results and compliance with
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applicable regulations and accreditation requirements. This individual is listed on the laboratory's CAP and CLIA
certificate (as applicable).

Maintenance - Activities that prolong the life of an instrument or minimize breakdowns or mechanical
malfunctions. Examples include cleaning, lubrication, electronic checks, or changing parts, fluids, or tubing, etc.

Moderate complexity - Rating given by the FDA to commercially marketed in vitro diagnostic tests based on
their risks to public health

Modification of manufacturer's instructions - Any change to the manufacturer's supplied ingredients or

modifications to the assay as set forth in the manufacturer's labeling and instructions. It may include a change
to specimen type, instrumentation or procedure that could affect its performance specifications for sensitivity,
specificity, accuracy, or precision or any change to the stated purpose of the test, its approved test population,
or any claims related to interpretation of the results

For laboratories subject to US regulations, this includes modifications to FDA-cleared/approved tests. For
laboratories not subject to US regulations, it also includes modifications to tests approved by an internationally
recognized regulatory authority (eg, CE marking).

Non-conforming event - An occurrence that: 1) deviates from the laboratory's policies or procedures; 2) does
not comply with applicable regulatory or accreditation requirements; or 3) has the potential to affect (or has
affected) patients, donors, the general public, or personnel safety.

Nonwaived - Tests categorized as either moderate complexity (including provider-performed microscopy) or

high complexity according to a scoring system used by the FDA

Pathologist - A physician who has successfully completed an approved graduate medical education program in
pathology.

In the US, a physician is defined as a doctor of medicine, doctor of osteopathy, or doctor of podiatric medicine
who is licensed by the state to practice medicine, osteopathy, or podiatry within the state in which the laboratory
is located. In jurisdictions not subject to US regulations, a physician is defined as an individual who has a
primary medical school degree (eg, MBBS, MBChB, MD, DO) in keeping with the standards of that particular
jurisdiction.

Performance verification - The set of processes that demonstrate an instrument or an item of equipment
operates according to expectations prior to initial use and after repair or reconditioning (eg, replacement of
critical components)

Personnel - The collective group of employees and contractors employed in the laboratory organization.
Contractors may include those individuals contracted by the laboratory, such as pathologists, medical
technologists, or nurses who perform patient testing. It would not include those individuals contracted outside
the authority of the laboratory, such as medical waste disposal contractors, instrument service representatives,
or cleaning contractors.

Policy - Written statement of overall guidelines, strategy, approach, intentions and directions endorsed by
laboratory leadership that direct or restrict a facility's plans, actions, and decisions.

Predictive marker testing - Immunohistochemical, immunocytochemical, and in situ hybridization tests used
to predict responsiveness to a specific treatment independent of other histopathologic findings. Rather than
confirming a specific diagnosis, these tests differentiate predicted responsiveness to a targeted therapy among
cases of the same diagnosis.

Preventive action - Action taken to eliminate the cause of a potential nonconformity or any other undesirable
potential situation
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Primary source verification report - A document, usually prepared by a third party agent or company that
confirms that a job applicant's degree, certificate, or diploma is authentic, licenses were granted, and reported
work history (company names, locations, dates and positions held) is accurate. The confirmation is obtained
through direct contact with an institution, former employer, or their authorized agents.

Primary specimen - The body fluid, tissue, or sample submitted for examination, study or analysis. It may be
within a collection tube, cup, syringe, swab, slide, data file, or other form as received by the laboratory.

Procedure - Set of specific instructions that describe the stepwise actions taken to complete a process,
operation, activity, or task

Process - 1) A set of related tasks or activities that accomplishes a work goal; 2) A set of interrelated or
interacting activities that transforms inputs into outputs

Proficiency testing - Evaluation of participant (laboratory or individual) performance against pre-established

criteria by means of interlaboratory comparisons. In some countries, the PT programs for clinical laboratories
are called "external quality assessment" programs.

Qualified pathologist - A pathologist who has training in the specific functions to be performed (eg, an
anatomic pathologist for anatomic pathology functions, a clinical pathologist for clinical pathology functions, or
an anatomic pathologist or dermatopathologist for skin biopsies).

Quality management system (QMS) - A QMS is a set of policies, processes, procedures, and resources
designed to ensure high quality in an organization's services.

Reagent - Any substance in a test system other than a solvent or support material that is required for the target
analyte to be detected and its value measured in a sample.

Reference interval - The range of test values expected for a designated population of individuals.

Report errors - A report element (see GEN.41096) that is either incorrect or incomplete

Responsibility - A duty or task that an individual is required or expected to do

Root cause analysis (RCA) - A systematic process for identifying the causal factor(s) that underlie errors or
potential errors in care.

Scope of Service - The scope of service is the description of the tests/services that the laboratory provides to
its customers/clients (eg, tests offered, hours of operation, turnaround times).

Secondary specimen - Any derivative of the primary specimen used in subsequent phases of testing. It may
be an aliquot, dilution tube, slide, block, culture plate, reaction unit, data extract file, image, or other form during
the processing or testing of a specimen. (The aliquots or images created by automated devices and tracked by
internal electronic means are not secondary specimens.)

Section Director - The individual who is responsible for the technical and/or scientific oversight of a specialty or
section of the laboratory.

Semiannual - Every 6 calendar months

Sentinel event - An unexpected occurrence that reaches a patient and results in death, permanent harm, or
severe temporary harm, unrelated to the natural cause of the patient's illness or underlying condition.

Subject to US Regulations - Laboratories located within the United States and laboratories located outside of
the US that have obtained or applied for a CLIA certificate to perform laboratory testing on specimens collected
in the US and its territories for the assessment of the health of human beings.
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Telepathology - The practice of pathology and cytology in which digitized or analog video, still image(s), or
other data files are examined and an interpretation is rendered that is included in a formal diagnostic report in
the patient record. It also includes the review of images by a cytotechnologist when a judgment of adequacy is
recorded in the patient record.

Test - A qualitative, semiqualitative, quantitative, or semiquantitative procedure for detecting the presence of, or
measuring of an analyte

Testing personnel - Individuals responsible for performing laboratory assays and reporting laboratory results

Test system - The process that includes pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic steps used to produce a
test result or set of results. A test system may be manual, automated, multi-channel or single-use and can
include reagents, components, equipment and/or instruments required to produce results. A test system may
encompass multiple identical analyzers or devices. Different test systems may be used for the same analyte.

Visitor - An individual entering the laboratory who is not considered personnel.

Waived - A category of tests defined as "simple laboratory examinations and procedures which have an
insignificant risk of an erroneous result." Laboratories performing waived tests are subject to minimal regulatory
requirements.
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ALL COMMON CHECKLIST

PROFICIENCY TESTING

The extent of a laboratory's proficiency testing (PT) and alternative performance assessment policies and
procedures must be sufficient for the extent and complexity of testing performed in the laboratory. They must
address preanalytic, analytic, and post analytic processes, such as:
● Enrollment in required PT or development of alternative performance assessment processes
● Proper handling and analysis of testing materials
● Review and reporting of results
● Evaluation of results
● Investigation of each unacceptable result to evaluate the impact on patient test results and to correct
problems identified in a timely manner.

Inspector Instructions:
● Sampling of proficiency testing policies and procedures
● Sampling of evaluations of unacceptable proficiency testing results
● Sampling of proficiency testing records including intermediate worksheets, instrument
printouts or interfaced results, proficiency testing result forms (paper or online),
signed attestation statement and laboratory director/designee review
● Records of semiannual alternative performance assessment testing, if applicable
● Evaluations of ungraded proficiency testing results, if applicable

● How are testing personnel selected to perform a proficiency testing challenge?

● What steps do you follow when you are assigned to perform proficiency testing?
● In what situations would you repeat a proficiency testing specimen?
● What do you consider unacceptable proficiency testing performance and how do you
determine corrective action?
● How do you evaluate ungraded proficiency testing?

● Select a representative sampling of proficiency testing results and follow records

from kit receipt, selection of personnel to perform testing, test performance, use of
intermediate worksheets, instrument printouts or interfaced results, and completion
of proficiency testing result forms (paper or online), to the submission of results to the
proficiency testing provider. Determine if the specimen and results are being handled
in compliance with requirements and following laboratory policies and procedures.
● Select a representative sampling of unacceptable proficiency testing results and
follow records from original testing to final determination of root cause. Determine
if the procedures and processes produce a thorough investigation with appropriate
corrective action taken
● Select an analyte with an unacceptable proficiency testing event and review records
for the subsequent proficiency testing event for that analyte. Closely examine the
testing records to confirm that the specimens were handled and reported in the
same manner as patient specimens (COM.01600) and following laboratory policy
and procedure. Determine if any inappropriate actions were taken to ensure an
acceptable event score such as duplicate testing of specimens when not indicated in
laboratory policy.
● Compare tests listed on the laboratory's CAP Activity Menu to those listed on
the laboratory's test requisition(s), computer order screens, procedure manuals,
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instrument list, or patient reports and discuss potential discrepancies with responsible
personnel. Determine if the CAP Activity Menu accurately reflects testing and
activities performed.

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.01100 Ungraded PT Challenges Phase II
The laboratory director or designee assesses its performance on proficiency testing (PT)
challenges that are ungraded.

NOTE: Examples include, but are not limited to:

● PT challenges that were intended to be graded, but were not, for reasons such
as:
❍ The laboratory submitted its results after the cut-off date
❍ The laboratory did not submit results
❍ The laboratory did not complete the result form correctly (eg, submitted the
wrong method code or recorded the result in the wrong place)
❍ The laboratory's result was not graded because of lack of consensus
● Educational PT challenges
PT records must show that ungraded PT results are evaluated for acceptable performance with
investigation and corrective action taken for unacceptable results as required in COM.01700. A
signature on the PT report without any notation on the acceptability of ungraded results does not
meet the intent of this requirement.
The laboratory must define how it assesses performance on ungraded PT challenges and how
the assessments are recorded.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of review and evaluation of ungraded PT challenges by the laboratory director or
designee
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement amendments
of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24):3705 [42CFR493.1236(a)(2)]

COM.01200 Activity Menu Phase I

The laboratory's current CAP Activity Menu accurately reflects the testing performed.

NOTE: The laboratory's CAP Activity Menu must include all patient/client testing performed by
the laboratory.
● For laboratories with a CLIA certificate, it includes all testing and activities performed
under that CLIA certificate.
● For laboratories not subject to CLIA, it includes all testing and activities meeting all of the
following criteria: 1) performed under the same laboratory director, 2) under the same
laboratory name, and 3) at the same physical premises (contiguous campus).
The testing and activities must be listed on the laboratory's CAP Activity Menu regardless of
whether it is also accredited by another organization. The laboratory must update its CAP
Activity Menu when tests are added or removed by logging into e-LAB Solutions Suite on
cap.org and going to Organization Profile - Sections/Departments. In order to ensure proper
customization of the checklists, the laboratory must also ensure its activity menu is accurate for
non-test activities, such as methods and types of services offered.
Some activities are included on the Master Activity Menu using more generic groupings or
panels instead of listing the individual tests. The Master Activity Menu represents only those
analytes that are directly measured. Calculations are not included, with a few exceptions (eg,
INR, hematocrit).
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Laboratories are not required to include testing performed solely for the purpose of research on
their activity menus, but may opt to include such testing if the laboratory wants it to be inspected
by the CAP. Testing performed for research is defined as laboratory testing on human specimens
where patient-specific results are not reported for the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of any
disease or impairment of, or the assessment of the health of, human beings. If patient-specific
results are reported from the laboratory, the testing is subject to CLIA and must be reported to
the CAP.
If an inspector identifies that a laboratory is performing tests or procedures not included on the
laboratory's CAP Activity Menu, the inspector must do the following:
● Cite COM.01200 as a deficiency
● Contact the CAP (800-323-4040) for inspection instructions as requirements may be
missing from a laboratory's customized checklist
● Record whether those tests/procedures were inspected on the appropriate section page
in the Inspector's Summation Report (ISR).
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2004(Oct 1): 985 [42CFR493.51]

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.01300 PT Participation Phase II
The laboratory participates in the appropriate required proficiency testing (PT)/external
quality assessment (EQA) program accepted by CAP for the patient testing performed.

NOTE 1: Information on analytes that require enrollment and participation in a CAP-accepted

PT program is available on the CAP website [cap.org] through e-LAB Solutions Suite under CAP
Accreditation Resources, Master Activity Menu Reports. Also, the inspection packet includes a
report with this information for each laboratory section/department. The CAP Office audits PT
participation to assure that accredited laboratories participate in appropriate PT.
NOTE 2: This checklist requirement applies to both waived and nonwaived tests.
NOTE 3: For laboratories subject to US regulations, participation in proficiency testing may be
through CAP PT Programs or another proficiency testing provider accepted by CAP. Laboratories
will not be penalized if they are unable to participate in an oversubscribed program. If unable
to participate, however, the laboratory must implement an alternative performance assessment
procedure for the affected analytes. For regulated analytes, if the CAP and CAP-accepted PT
programs are oversubscribed, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) requires the
laboratory to attempt to enroll in another CMS-approved PT program.
Laboratories must participate in one CAP-accepted PT program for each required analyte
for a minimum of one year before designating a different CAP-accepted PT program for PT
compliance and reporting to the CMS. If a laboratory enrolls in PT mid-year due to a new
application for accreditation or the introduction of new testing, the laboratory may change to
another CAP-accepted PT provider at the next enrollment period without waiting a full year. If a
laboratory enrolls in PT from multiple PT providers for one required analyte, it must designate
only one PT provider to submit a performance score to the CMS for the year.
NOTE 4: For laboratories not subject to US regulations, participation in proficiency testing must
be through CAP PT Programs only. Laboratories may use acceptable alternatives when the
CAP is unable to deliver PT due to oversubscribed programs, stability issues or customs denial,
contingent on CAP approval. If unable to participate, however, the laboratory must implement an
alternative performance assessment procedure for the affected analytes.
NOTE 5: Refer to COM.01520 for PT and alternative performance assessment requirements
for predictive marker testing performed using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization
methods.
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NOTE 6: For purposes of photograph/image identification in CAP PT Programs, it is strongly

recommended that current educational resources be available to the bench technologist.
Examples include the bench top resource guides, color atlases, and the Surveys Hematology
Glossary, as applicable.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records such as CAP PT order confirmation indicating that the laboratory is enrolled in CAP
PT Programs for all analytes that CAP requires PT OR record of completed/submitted result
forms for all analytes on the activity menu
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 1992(Feb 28):7146 [42CFR493.801]
2) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Using Proficiency Testing and Alternative Assessment to Improve Medical
Laboratory Quality. 3rd ed. CLSI guideline QMS24. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA; 2016.
3) College of American Pathologists. Standards for Laboratory Accreditation; standard III. Northfield, IL: CAP, 2017.

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.01400 PT Attestation Statement Phase II
The proficiency testing attestation statement is signed (physical or electronic signature)
by the laboratory director or qualified designee and all individuals involved in the testing
process.

NOTE: If electronic signatures are used for the PT attestation, the laboratory must be able to
show that they are traceable to the event (eg, electronic record with a date/time stamp for the
activity) and are only used by the authorized person (eg, password protected account). A listing
of typed names on the attestation statement does not meet the intent of the requirement. The
signature of the laboratory director or designee need not be obtained prior to reporting results to
the proficiency testing provider.
Designees must be qualified through education and experience to meet the defined regulatory
requirements associated with the complexity of the testing as defined in the Personnel section of
the Laboratory General Checklist.
● For high complexity testing, it may be delegated to an individual meeting the
qualifications of a technical supervisor or section director (GEN.53400). For the
specialties of Histocompatibility, Cytogenetics, and Transfusion Medicine, refer to
specific requirements for the qualifications of section directors/technical supervisors in
the associated checklists (HSC.40000, CYG.50000, and TRM.50050).
● For moderate complexity testing, it may be delegated to an individual meeting the
qualifications of a technical consultant (GEN.53625).
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Appropriately signed attestation statement from submitted PT result forms
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 1992(Feb 28):7146 [42CFR493.801(b)(1)]
2) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. QSO-21-10-CLIA. Clinical laboratory
improvement amendments of 1988 (CLIA) Laboratories Surveyor Guidance for New and Modified CLIA Requirements Related to
SARS-CoV-2 Test Result Reporting. January 8, 2021. https://www.cms.gov/files/document/qso-21-10-clia.pdf. Accessed February 3,
2021.

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.01500 Alternative Performance Assessment Phase II
For tests for which CAP does not require proficiency testing (PT), the laboratory at least
semiannually exercises an alternative performance assessment system for determining
the reliability of analytic testing.

NOTE 1: Appropriate alternative performance assessment processes include participation

in an external PT program not required by CAP; participation in an ungraded/educational
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PT program; split sample analysis with another laboratory, split sample analysis with an
established in-house method, use of assayed materials, clinical validation by chart review, or
other suitable and documented means. It is the responsibility of the laboratory director to define
alternative performance assessment processes and the criteria for successful performance in
accordance with good clinical and scientific laboratory practice. Specimens used for alternative
performance assessment must be integrated into the routine workload, where applicable (refer to
COM.01600).
NOTE 2: For in situ hybridization testing other than predictive marker testing, and other
complex molecular and sequencing-based tests (including but not limited to microarray-based
tests, multiplex PCR-based tests, and next generation sequencing-based tests), alternative
performance assessment may be performed by method or specimen type rather than for each
analyte or tested abnormality. For tests such as allergen testing, alternative performance
assessment may be performed in batches of analogous tests.
NOTE 3: Semiannual alternative performance assessment must be performed on tests for which
external PT is not available.
NOTE 4: This checklist requirement applies to both waived and nonwaived tests.
The list of analytes for which CAP requires enrollment and participation in a CAP-accepted
PT program is available on cap.org through e-LAB Solutions Suite under CAP Accreditation
Resources, Master Activity Menu Reports. Also, the inspection packet includes a report with this
information for each laboratory section/department.
A form, Alternative Performance Assessment (APA) Test List, is available on cap.org through e-
LAB Solutions Suite to help laboratories track compliance with this requirement.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ List of tests defined by the laboratory as requiring alternative performance assessments AND
✓ Records of review and evaluation of assessments by the laboratory director or designee
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24):7184 [42CFR493.1236(c)(1)]
2) Shahangian S, et al. A system to monitor a portion of the total testing process in medical clinics and laboratories. Feasibility of a split-
specimen design. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1998;122:503-511
3) Shahangian S, Cohn RD. Variability of laboratory test results. Am J Clin Pathol. 2000;113:521-527
4) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Using Proficiency Testing and Alternative Assessment to Improve Medical
Laboratory Quality. 3rd ed. CLSI guideline QMS24. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA; 2016.
5) Schrijver I, Aziz N, Jennings L, Richards CS, Voelkerding KV, Weck KE. Methods-Based Proficiency Testing in Molecular Genetic
Pathology. J Mol Diagn. May 2014;16(3):283-287.

**REVISED** 10/24/2022
COM.01520 PT and Alternative Performance Assessment for IHC, ICC, and ISH Phase II
Predictive Markers
The laboratory participates in the appropriate required proficiency testing (PT)
program/external quality assessment (EQA) program accepted by CAP or performs
alternative performance assessment for all predictive markers performed using
immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), and in situ hybridization (ISH)
methods, as required in the note.

NOTE: Information on analytes that require enrollment and participation in a CAP-accepted PT

program is available on the CAP website [cap.org] through e-LAB Solutions Suite under CAP
Accreditation Resources, Master Activity Menu Reports. Also, the inspection packet includes a
report with this information for each laboratory section/department. The CAP Office audits PT
participation to assure that accredited laboratories participate in appropriate PT.
For laboratories not subject to US regulations, participation in PT must be through CAP PT
programs only. Laboratories may use acceptable alternatives when the CAP is unable to
deliver PT due to oversubscribed programs, stability issues or customs denial, contingent on
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CAP approval. If unable to participate, however, the laboratory must implement an alternative
performance assessment procedure for the affected analytes.
The following table includes requirements for participation in PT or alternative performance
assessment that must be followed for each predictive marker tested by IHC, ICC, or ISH:

Extent of Service Requirement

Predictive marker IHC stain and The laboratory must participate in CAP-accepted PT when
interpretation performed at the required (refer to the Activity Menu).
same laboratory
Predictive marker IHC stain Both the stain only and interpretation only laboratories
and interpretation performed at must perform alternative performance assessment at least
different laboratories semiannually.
Predictive marker hybridization The laboratory must participate in CAP-accepted PT when
and ISH interpretation performed required (refer to the Activity Menu).
at the same laboratory
Predictive marker hybridization Both hybridization only and interpretation only laboratories
and ISH interpretation performed must perform alternative performance assessment at least
at different laboratories semiannually.

The laboratory must not participate in formal (external) PT if

the hybridization and interpretation are performed at different
laboratories. Participation in formal PT would constitute PT
referral.
Other predictive marker testing The laboratory must perform alternative performance
performed by IHC, ICC, and assessment at least semiannually.
ISH for which the CAP does not
require proficiency testing (eg,
PD-L1.
Laboratories interpreting HER2 for breast predictive marker testing by multiple methods must
participate in the required PT or perform alternative performance assessment as described
above for each method.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records such as CAP PT order confirmation for predictive markers where CAP-accepted PT
programs are required OR record of completed/submitted result forms OR
✓ Records of alternative performance assessment for IHC, ICC, and ISH predictive markers for
which the CAP does not require participation in a PT program
REFERENCES
1) Wolff AC, Hammond EH, Allison KH, et al. Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer: American Society
of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Clinical Practice Guideline Focused Update. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2018;
142(11):1364-82.
2) Nakhleh RE, Grimm EE, Idowu MO, et al. Laboratory compliance with the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American
Pathologists (ASC/CAP) guidelines for human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) testing: a College of American Pathologists survey
of 757 laboratories. Arch Pathol Lab Med 134:728-34, 2010.
3) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Using Proficiency Testing and Alternative Assessment to Improve Medical
Laboratory Quality. 3rd ed. CLSI guideline QMS24. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA; 2016.
4) Allison KH, Hammond ME, Dowsell M, et al. Estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer: American Society of Clinical
Oncology/College of American Pathologists guideline update [published online ahead of print January 2020]. Arch Pathol Lab Med.
doi: 10.5858/arpa.2019-0904-SA.

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.01600 PT and Alternative Performance Assessment Specimen Testing Phase II
The laboratory integrates all proficiency testing (PT) and alternative performance
assessment specimens within the routine laboratory workload, where applicable, and
those specimens are analyzed by personnel who routinely test patient/client specimens,
using the same primary method systems as for patient/client/donor specimens.
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NOTE: Repetitive analysis of any proficiency specimen by one or more individuals is acceptable
only if patient/client specimens are routinely analyzed in the same manner. With respect
to morphologic examinations (identification of cell types and microorganisms; review of
electrophoretic patterns, etc.), group review and consensus identifications are permitted only for
unknown specimens that would ordinarily be reviewed by more than one person on an actual
patient specimen.
Laboratories that are subject to regulation by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
(CMS) are not permitted to test the same analyte from the same PT product on more than one
instrument or method unless that is how the laboratory tests patient specimens and laboratory
procedures are written to reflect that process.
If the laboratory (under one CLIA license) uses multiple methods for an analyte, proficiency
specimens must be analyzed by the primary method at the time of the PT event, or be rotated
among primary methods each PT shipment. Laboratories subject to CMS regulation are not
allowed to order multiple PT kits for the purpose of testing the same specimens/analyte on
multiple instruments or methods prior to the due date for submitting results to the provider.
The educational purposes of PT are best served by a rotation that allows all testing personnel
to be involved in the PT program. PT records must be retained and can be an important part of
the competency and continuing education records in the personnel files of the individuals. PT
materials and specimens specifically used for semiannual alternative performance assessment
purposes must be integrated within the routine workload, where applicable.
The US Department of Defense (DOD) and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)
laboratories are subject to different regulations. For both the DOD and the VA, multiple
proficiency testing kits may be ordered, with results reported, from the same proficiency testing
provider on the same analyte; however, laboratories may not compare results from multiple kits
until after the deadline for submission of results to the provider.
Laboratories not subject to US regulations may order multiple proficiency testing kits and
report results from the same proficiency testing provider on the same analyte. They may not
compare results from multiple kits until after the deadline for submission of results to the provider.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Instrument printout and/or work records
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 1992(Feb 28):7146 [42CFR493.801(b)]
2) Shahangian S, et al. Toward optimal PT use. Med Lab Observ. 2000;32(4):32-43
3) Parsons PJ. Evaluation of blood lead proficiency testing: comparison of open and blind paradigms. Clin Chem. 2001;47:322-330

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.01700 PT and Alternative Performance Assessment Result Evaluation Phase II
There is ongoing evaluation of proficiency testing (PT) and alternative performance
assessment results by the laboratory director or designee with appropriate corrective
action taken for each unacceptable result.

NOTE: Each unacceptable PT or alternative performance assessment result (any result or

specimen not meeting defined acceptability criteria) must be evaluated in a timely manner to
determine the impact on patient test results and correct problems identified. It is recommended
that the laboratory investigate acceptable results that show significant bias or trends.
Primary records related to PT and alternative performance assessment testing are retained for
at least two years (five years for transfusion medicine). These include all instrument tapes, work
cards, computer printouts, evaluation reports, evidence of review, and records of follow-up or
corrective action.
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For laboratories outside the US, PT failures relating to problems with shipping and specimen
stability should include working with local customs and health regulators to ensure appropriate
transit of PT specimens.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of ongoing review of all PT reports and alternative performance assessment results
by the laboratory director or designee AND
✓ Records of investigation of each "unacceptable" PT and alternative performance assessment
result including records of corrective action appropriate to the nature and magnitude of the
problem
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 1992(Feb 28):7173 [42CFR493.1407(e)(4)(iv)]
2) Steindel SJ, et al. Reasons for proficiency testing failures in clinical chemistry and blood gas analysis. A College of American
Pathologists Q-Probes study in 655 laboratories. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1996;120:1094-1101
3) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Using Proficiency Testing and Alternative Assessment to Improve Medical
Laboratory Quality. 3rd ed. CLSI guideline QMS24. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA; 2016.
4) Shahangian S, et al. Toward optimal PT use. Med Lab Observ. 2000;32(4):32-43
5) Zaki Z, et al. Self-improvement by participant interpretation of proficiency testing data from events with 2 to 5 samples. Clin Chem.
2000;46:A70
6) Stavelin A, Riksheim BO, Christensen NG, Sandberg S. The Importance of Reagent Lot Registration in External Quality Assurance/
Proficiency Testing Schemes. Clin Chem. 2016;62(5):708-15.

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.01800 PT Interlaboratory Communication Phase II
There is no interlaboratory communication about proficiency testing specimens and
results until after the deadline for submission of data to the proficiency testing provider.

NOTE: Proficiency testing (PT) must be:

● Performed by personnel at the laboratory (CAP/CLIA number) for which PT was ordered.
● Reported by personnel at the laboratory where PT was performed.
The laboratory director must define and enforce written PT policies, strictly prohibiting
interlaboratory communications about PT specimens or results until after the deadline for
submission of data to the PT provider. The CAP strongly recommends personnel training on the
handling of PT specimens and prevention of interlaboratory communication.
The laboratory must retain records of PT events, including copies of PT program report forms,
instrument printouts, and work records.
PT records must not be shared with and should be inaccessible to personnel of other
laboratories, including an affiliated laboratory until after the deadline for submission of results.
Laboratories that share a common computer system or personnel must have strict policies
and procedures to ensure that personnel do not access proficiency testing records from other
laboratories.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ PT records
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 1992(Feb 28):7146 [42CFR493.801(b)(3)]
2) Bierig JR. Comparing PT results can put a lab's CLIA license on the line. Northfield, IL: College of American Pathologists CAP Today.
2002;16(2):84-87

COM.01900 PT Referral Phase II

Proficiency testing specimens are not referred to other laboratories and are not accepted
from other laboratories for analysis.

NOTE 1: The laboratory director must define and enforce written proficiency testing policies that
strictly prohibit referral or acceptance of proficiency testing specimens for analysis from other
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laboratories. This applies even if the second laboratory is in the same health care system. This
prohibition takes precedence over the requirement that proficiency testing specimens be handled
in the same manner as patient specimens. For example, a laboratory's routine procedure for
review of patient abnormal CBC blood smears might be referral of the smear to a pathologist
located at another site (different CAP/CLIA number). For proficiency testing specimens, the
laboratory must NOT follow its routine procedure to refer the specimen. If the PT specimen
meets laboratory-defined criteria for referral to a pathologist prior to reporting and the pathologist
is at another site, the pathologist must review the PT specimen at the physical location of the
laboratory performing the PT. Alternatively, the laboratory must refer to the PT provider kit
instructions on how to record a result for a test not performed in the laboratory.
NOTE 2: Laboratories that perform testing using a distributive testing model where portions of
the process are performed at another laboratory with a different CAP/CLIA number must not
participate in formal PT, as this is considered PT referral by CMS and is strictly prohibited. An
alternative performance assessment must be performed at least semiannually in lieu of formal PT
in these situations. Common examples of distributive testing include:
● In situ hybridization and slide interpretation performed at separate laboratories
● Next generation sequencing wet bench process, bioinformatics processes, and/or
interpretation performed at different laboratories
● Leukemia/lymphoma flow cytometry panels and pathologist interpretation of the data at
different laboratories
For laboratories that do not perform staining on site, immunohistochemistry (IHC) slides are
permitted to be sent to another facility for staining only.
NOTE 3: Records of training on referral and acceptance of PT specimens is strongly
recommended.
Refer to 'Tips for Avoiding Proficiency Testing Referral' on the CAP website (http://www.cap.org)
through e-LAB Solutions Suite.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Proficiency testing records
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement amendments
of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 1992(Feb 28): [42CFR493.801(b)(4)]
2) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Brochure #8. Proficiency Testing, Dos
and Don'ts. September 2008. https://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/CLIA/Downloads/CLIAbrochure8.pdf.
Accessed December 23, 2015.

COM.01950 Cease Patient Testing for Repeat PT Failures Phase II

If the laboratory was instructed by the CAP to cease patient testing for an analyte
or subspecialty due to repeat unsuccessful proficiency testing, laboratory records
demonstrate that no patient results were released until after the laboratory received
approval from the CAP to resume patient testing.

NOTE: In order to resume patient testing, the laboratory must meet the conditions as outlined in
the cease patient testing notification.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of communication notifying staff/physicians that testing is suspended for the
required period of time OR
✓ LIS report verifying that no patient results were reported for the affected analyte or
subspecialty during the cease testing time frame OR
✓ Patient reports indicating name and address of the referral laboratory where testing was
performed during the affected period OR
✓ Send-out log to referral laboratory
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement amendments
of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24): [42CFR493.807].
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2) Olson JD, Karon BS. PT failures: steps to preventing a cease testing. CAP Today. 2015;29(9):5-8.

QUALITY MANAGEMENT

GENERAL ISSUES
Inspector Instructions:
● Sampling of quality management system (QMS) policies and procedures
● QMS pre-analytic, analytic and post-analytic quality monitoring records and corrective
action when indicators do not meet threshold
● Incident/error log and corrective action
● Records of high school graduate high complexity test review by supervisor
● Records of monthly review of instrument/equipment maintenance and function checks
● Records of instrument/method comparison performed twice a year

● How do you evaluate data on the incident/error log? How do you determine
appropriate corrective action?
● As a staff member, what is your role in your laboratory's QMS?
● How do you detect and correct laboratory errors?

● Follow an incident identified on the incident/error log and follow actions including
notification and resolution
● Select several problems identified by the QM plan and follow tracking and corrective
action. Determine if the methods used led to discovery and effective correction of the
problem.
● Review two or three instruments or items of equipment critical for patient testing.
Determine if function check and maintenance records are adequate and if the
laboratory performed the appropriate follow-up when irregularities were found.

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.04000 Quality Management System (QMS) Phase II
The laboratory's QMS (as described in GEN.13806) is implemented in each section
(department) of the laboratory.

NOTE: The program must ensure quality throughout the pre-analytic, analytic and post-analytic
phases of testing, as appropriate for each section (department) of the laboratory.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records reflecting conformance with the QMS as designed
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 1992(Feb 28):7176 [42CFR493.1445(e)(5)]
2) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Quality Management System Model for Laboratory Services. 5th ed. CLSI
guideline QMS01. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2019.
3) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24): [42CFR493.1289]

COM.04050 Error Detection and Correction Phase II

The laboratory has a process to detect and correct significant clerical and analytical
errors, and unusual laboratory results, in a timely manner.
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NOTE: One common method is review of results by a qualified person (technologist, supervisor,
pathologist) before release from the laboratory, but there is no requirement for supervisory review
of all test results before or after reporting to the patient record. In computerized laboratories,
there should be automatic "traps" for improbable results.
The process for detecting clerical errors, significant analytical errors, and unusual laboratory
results must provide for timely correction of errors, ie, before results become available for clinical
decision making. For confirmed errors detected after reporting, corrections must be promptly
made and reported to the appropriate clinical personnel or referring laboratory, as applicable.
If laboratories use delta checks as a mechanism to detect errors prior to the reporting of patient
results, the laboratory must have written procedures describing the actions to be taken when
acceptability criteria are exceeded and a process for approval of new or changed delta checks by
the laboratory director or designee.
Error detection and correction procedures must include listings of common situations that may
cause analytically inaccurate results and must address such analytic errors or interferences. This
may require alternate testing methods; in some situations, it may not be possible to report results
for some or all of the tests requested.
The intent of this requirement is NOT to require verification of all results outside the reference
interval.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of review of results OR records of consistent implementation of the error detection
processes AND
✓ Records of timely corrective action of identified errors
REFERENCES
1) Dufour D, et al. The clinical significance of delta checks. Am J Clin Pathol. 1998;110:531
2) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24): [42CFR493.1281(b)]
3) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Use of Delta Checks in the Medical Laboratory; 1
st ed. CLSI document EP33-ED1.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA; 2016.

COM.04100 Supervisory Review for High Complexity Testing Phase II

In the absence of on-site supervisors, high complexity testing performed by trained high
school graduates qualifying as high complexity testing personnel is reviewed by the
laboratory director or supervisor/general supervisor within 24 hours.

NOTE: The CAP does NOT require supervisory review of all test results before or after reporting
to the patient record. Rather, this requirement is intended to address only that situation for
"high complexity testing" performed by trained high school graduates qualifying under the CLIA
regulation 42CFR493.1489(b)(5)(i) when a qualified supervisor/general supervisor is not present.
The qualifications to perform high complexity testing can be accessed using the following link:
CAP Personnel Requirements by Testing Complexity.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of result review for specified personnel
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 1992(Feb 28):7182 [42CFR493.1463(a)(3) and 42CFR493.1463(c)]: 7183
[42CFR493.1489(b)(1)] and [42CFR493.1489(b)(5)]

COM.04200 Instrument/Equipment Record Review Phase II

The laboratory director or designee reviews and assesses instrument and equipment
maintenance and function check records at least monthly.
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NOTE: If problems are identified (eg, maintenance not performed as scheduled), the reviewer
must record corrective action. The review of the records related to tests that have an approved
individualized quality control plan (IQCP) must include an assessment of whether further
evaluation of the risk assessment and quality control plan is needed based on problems identified
(eg, trending for repeat failures, etc.).
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of monthly review

COM.04250 Comparability of Instruments and Methods - Nonwaived Testing Phase II

If the laboratory uses more than one nonwaived instrument/method to test for a given
analyte, the instruments and methods are checked against each other at least twice a year
for comparability of results.

NOTE: This requirement applies to tests performed on the same or different instrument makes/
models or by different methods, even if there are different reference intervals or levels of
sensitivity. It includes primary and back up methods used for patient testing. The purpose of the
requirement is to evaluate the relationship between test results using different methodologies,
instruments, or testing sites.
This requirement is not applicable to:
● Calculated parameters
● Waived methods
● Laboratories with different CAP numbers
The following types of materials may be used to generate data for comparability studies:
● Patient/client specimens (pooled or unpooled) are preferred to avoid potential
matrix effects
● Quality control materials for tests performed on the same instrument platform,
with both control materials and reagents of the same manufacturer and lot
number.
● Alternative protocols based on quality control or reference materials for cases
when availability or pre-analytical stability of patient/client specimens is a limiting
factor. The materials must be validated (when applicable) to have the same
response as fresh human specimens for the instruments and methods involved.
This requirement only applies when the instruments/reagents are producing the same reportable
result. For example, some laboratories may use multiple aPTT reagents with variable sensitivity
to the lupus anticoagulant to perform different tests, such as aPTT for heparin monitoring and a
lupus-like anticoagulant screen. If these are defined as separate tests, this requirement does not
apply unless each type of aPTT test is performed on more than one analyzer.
For Microbiology testing, this requirement applies when two instruments (same or different
manufacturers) are used to detect the same analyte. Two or more detectors or incubation cells
connected to a single data collection, analysis and reporting computer need not be considered
separate systems (eg, multiple incubation and monitoring cells in a continuous monitoring blood
culture instrument, two identical blood culture instruments connected to a single computer
system, or multiple thermocycler cells in a real time polymerase chain reaction instrument). This
checklist requirement does not apply to multiple analytical methods (eg, antigen typing versus
culture or detection of DNA versus a biochemical characteristic) designed to detect the same
analyte.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of comparability studies reflecting performance at least twice per year with
appropriate specimen types
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Medicare, Medicaid and CLIA programs;
CLIA fee collection; correction and final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24):5236 [42CFR493.1281(a)]
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2) Ross JW, et al. The accuracy of laboratory measurements in clinical chemistry: a study of eleven analytes in the College of
American Pathologists Chemistry Survey with fresh frozen serum, definitive methods and reference methods. Arch Pathol Lab Med.
1998;122:587-608
3) Miller WG, Myers GL, Ashwood ER, et al. State of the Art in Trueness and Inter-Laboratory Harmonization for 10 Analytes in General
Clinical Chemistry. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2008;132:838-846
4) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Verification of Comparability of Patient Results within One Healthcare System: Approved
Guideline (Interim Revision). CLSI document EP31-A-IR. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2012.
5) Miller WG, Erek A, Cunningham TD, et al. Commutability limitations influence quality control results with different reagent lots. Clin
Chem. 2011;57:76-83

COM.04300 Comparability Criteria - Nonwaived Testing Phase II

Acceptability criteria are defined for comparability of nonwaived instruments and methods
used to test the same analyte and action is taken when the criteria are not met.

NOTE: Statistically defined acceptability limits should be used for quantitative assays.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of comparability studies with evidence of review and action taken, as appropriate
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24): [42CFR493.1282(A)]
2) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Protocol for the Evaluation, Validation, and Implementation of Coagulometers:
Approved Guideline. CLSI document H57-A (ISBN 1-56238-656-5).Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 940 West Valley
Road, Suite 1400, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087-1898 USA, 2008.

SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND HANDLING

Inspector Instructions:
● Sampling of specimen collection and handling policies and procedures
● Sampling of specimen rejection records/log

● Sampling of patient specimens and derivatives of the primary specimen used during
testing (specimen labeling, presentation, integrity)
● Determine if the aliquoting process and procedure are adequate to prevent cross-
contamination and specimen mix up

● What is your course of action when you receive unacceptable or sub-optimal

specimens?
● How does your laboratory ensure specimen integrity throughout processing and
testing?
● What identifiers are in place on specimens (eg, slides, aliquots, etc.) derived from the
primary specimen?
● What is your process for preparing aliquots from a primary specimen?

COM.06000 Specimen Collection Manual Phase II

The specimen collection manual defines methods for patient identification, patient
preparation, specimen collection and labeling, specimen preservation, and conditions for
transportation and storage before testing, consistent with good laboratory practice.
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NOTE: The proximity of the patient to the test site does not preclude the need for proper
identification systems to prevent reporting of one patient's result to another's record. Refer to the
Specimen Collection section of the Laboratory General Checklist for additional information on
patient identification. The specimen collection manual may be in paper or electronic format.
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Oct 1):1034 [42CFR493.1242(a)]

COM.06100 Primary Specimen Container Labeling Phase II

All primary specimen containers are labeled with at least two patient-specific identifiers.

NOTE: A primary specimen container is the innermost container that holds the original
specimen prior to processing and testing. This may be in the form of a specimen collection
tube, cup, syringe, swab, slide or other form of specimen storage. Data files received from
other laboratories for analysis are considered a specimen and must contain acceptable patient
identifiers. Criteria for acceptable specimen labeling and the handling of sub-optimal specimens
must be defined.
Examples of acceptable identifiers include, but are not limited to: patient name, date of birth,
hospital number, social security number, requisition number, accession number, unique random
number. A location (eg, hospital room number) is not an acceptable identifier. Identifiers may be
in a machine readable format, such as a barcode.
For prepared slides submitted to the laboratory, if the slides are labeled with only one identifier,
they must be securely submitted in a container labeled with two identifiers.
In limited situations, a single identifier may be used if it can uniquely identify the specimen. For
example, in a trauma situation where a patient's identification is not known, a specimen may be
submitted for testing labeled with a unique code that is traceable to the trauma patient. Other
examples may include forensic specimens, coded or de-identified research specimens, or donor
specimens labeled with a unique code decryptable only by the submitting location.
For specimens where site of origin is critical to the analysis (eg, site specific cultures, surgical
and cytology specimens), the primary specimen container and/or the requisition must clearly
identify the site of origin, and as appropriate, the laterality of the specimen (right versus left). If
more than one specimen container is submitted with one requisition, each container must be
labeled in a manner to ensure linkage of the specimen to the site of origin and laterality.
This requirement does not apply to the labeling of specimens collected for immediate bedside
patient testing performed in the presence of the patient. If the specimens are (or may be) utilized
for testing away from the patient, the labeling criteria defined in this requirement apply.
REFERENCES
1) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Specimen Labels: Content and Location, Fonts, and Label Orientation; Approved
Standard. CLSI document AUTO12-A. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA; 2011.
2) th
So You're Going to Collect a Blood Specimen. An Introduction to Phlebotomy, 12 ed. Northfield, IL: College of American
Pathologists, 2007.
3) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Laboratory Automation: Bar Codes for Specimen Container Identification; Approved
Standard. 2
nd ed. CLSI document AUTO02-A2. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA; 2006.

COM.06200 Secondary Specimen Container Labeling Phase II

Adequate specimen identification is provided on specimen containers throughout all
phases of testing, including, but not limited to aliquots, dilution, tubes, slides, blocks,
culture plates, reaction units, nucleic acids and other extracts, data extract files, images,
and other secondary specimens created during the processing or testing of a specimen.

NOTE: A single, unique identifier may be used to label materials derived from the primary
specimen for use in subsequent phases of testing. The specimen identification system used
must provide reliable identification of the secondary specimen and be linked to the full particulars
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of patient identification, collection date, specimen type, etc. The specimen identifier(s) must
be indelible, legible, and able to withstand all stages of processing and conditions of storage.
Identification may be text-based, numeric, bar-coded, etc. The form of this system is entirely at
the discretion of each laboratory.
Slides prepared from specimens in the laboratory are considered secondary specimen
containers. Slides prepared in the patient setting and brought to the laboratory (eg, fine needle
aspiration, bone marrow preparations) are considered primary specimen containers and must
follow the labeling requirements for primary specimen containers.
For histology specimens, each block of tissue must be identified by a unique identifier traceable
to the primary specimen (eg, accession number) assigned to the case and by any descriptive
letter(s)/number(s) added by the prosector during the dissection. If additional blocks are prepared
later, all lists and logs must reflect these additions. Identification number and letter(s)/number(s)
must be affixed to all blocks in a manner that remains legible. Each slide must be identified by
the unique identifier traceable to the primary specimen and descriptive letters unique to the block
from which it is cut. Other appropriate identifiers should be included as applicable (eg, levels of
sectioning). Automated prelabeling systems are acceptable.
REFERENCES
1) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Specimen Labels: Content and Location, Fonts, and Label Orientation; Approved
Standard. CLSI document AUTO12-A. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA; 2011.
2) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Laboratory Automation: Bar Codes for Specimen Container Identification; Approved
Standard. 2nd ed. CLSI document AUTO02-A2. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA; 2006.
3) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Oct 1):1034 [42CFR493.1242(a)]

**NEW** 09/22/2021
COM.06250 Specimen Aliquoting Phase II
The process used for aliquoting specimens prevents cross-contamination and mix up of
specimens and aliquots.

NOTE: Aliquots must not be returned to the original specimen container for specimens to be
used for molecular-based testing or forensic drug testing, or for biorepository storage. For
specimens used for other types of testing, the laboratory must consider contamination and the
potential for specimen mix up when defining its procedure.
If previously aliquoted specimens are used for additional testing, the procedure must define when
and how they can be used.

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.06300 Specimen Rejection Criteria Phase II
The laboratory defines and follows criteria for the rejection or special handling of
specimens that do not meet established laboratory criteria for the requested test(s). The
laboratory retains records of these specimens in the patient/client report and/or quality
management records.

NOTE: The test report must indicate information regarding the condition and disposition of
specimens that do not meet the laboratory's criteria for acceptability for the specific test(s)
requested.
If there is a pre-analytic problem with a specimen, there must be a mechanism to notify clinical
personnel responsible for patient care and record the deviation from the collection instructions. If
the responsible clinical individual (eg, physician) desires the result and the laboratory agrees to
perform testing, the laboratory must note the condition of the specimen on the report and inform
the individual that results from these specimens must be interpreted with caution as some or all
of them may be inaccurate. The laboratory must retain a record of this communication (eg, in
patient report or another laboratory record). For referral laboratories, this may be performed by
the referring laboratory as part of the service agreement.
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Examples of specimens not meeting established pre-analytic parameters include:

● Improperly collected, handled (eg, specimen leakage), or stored specimens
● Desiccated specimens, if appropriate
● Specimens submitted beyond their stability time limits
● Insufficient quality/quantity of specimen
● Inadequate specimen labeling or requisition information
● Broken slides
● Hemolyzed, lipemic, or grossly contaminated specimens
● Tissue specimens with inadequate or inappropriate fixation or processing for the specific
test(s) ordered (eg, frozen section specimen submitted for IHC HER2 testing).
For surgical pathology/cytology specimens, some types of specimens may be acceptable for
some types of analysis and not for others. For example, a breast tissue specimen processed for
frozen section would not be acceptable for HER2 IHC testing but is acceptable to use for breast
cancer diagnosis.
For newborn screening specimens, rejection criteria must be consistent with the criteria defined
in the current edition of the CLSI NBS01 Standard, Blood Collection on Filter Paper for Newborn
Screening Programs.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of rejected specimens AND
✓ Records of communications with clinical personnel for specimen deviations AND
✓ Records of disposition of unacceptable specimens
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24):7183 [42CFR493.1249(a) and (b)]
2) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24): [42CFR493.1283(a)(3)]
3) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Accuracy in Patient and Specimen Identification. 2nd ed. CLSI standard GP33.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2019.
4) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Blood Collection on Filter Paper for Newborn Screening Programs. 7th ed. CLSI standard
NBS01. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA; 2021.
5) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Enumeration of Immunologically Defined Cell Populations by Flow Cytometry; Approved
nd
Guideline. 2 ed. CLSI document H42-A2. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2007.
6) Karcher DS, Lehman CM. Clinical consequences of specimen rejection: a College of American Pathologists Q-Probes analysis of 78
clinical laboratories. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2014; 138(8):1003-1008.
7) Nakhleh RE, Souers RJ, Bashleben CP, Talbert ML. Fifteen years' experience of a College of American Pathologists program for
continuous monitoring and improvement. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2014;138(9):1150-1155.
8) Compton CC, Robb JA, Anderson MW, et al. Preanalytic and Precision Pathology: Pathology Practices to Ensure Molecular Integrity
of Cancer Patient Biospecimens for Precision Medicine. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2019;143(11):1346-63.

POLICY AND PROCEDURE MANUAL

All laboratory testing, functions, and/or processes must be defined in written policies and/or
procedures, with appropriate approval, to assure clarity and consistency.

The manual must address relevant pre-analytic and post-analytic considerations, as well as the analytic
activities of the laboratory. The specific style and format of procedure manuals are at the discretion of the
laboratory director.

Inspector Instructions:
● Representative sample of policies and procedures for completeness, laboratory
director approval, and review. Current practice must match contents of policies and
procedures.
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● How do you access policies and procedures?

● What procedure has most recently been implemented or modified?
● How do you ensure all copies of policies and procedures are up to date?
● How are changes in procedures documented and communicated to staff?
● How are discontinued policies and procedures removed from general access?
● Show me how you access procedures when your network is down

● Identify a newly-implemented procedure in the prior two years and follow the steps
through authoring, laboratory director approval, and staff training

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.10000 Policy and Procedure Manual Phase II
A complete policy and procedure manual is available in a paper-based, electronic, or web-
based format at the workbench or in the work area.

NOTE 1: All laboratories testing, functions and/or processes must be defined in written policies
and/or procedures. Procedures must match the laboratory's practice.
NOTE 2: The use of inserts provided by manufacturers is not acceptable in place of a procedure
manual. However, such inserts may be used as part of a procedure description, if the insert
accurately and precisely describes the procedure as performed in the laboratory. Any variation
from this printed or electronic procedure must be detailed in the procedure manual.
NOTE 3: A manufacturer's procedure manual for an instrument/reagent system may be
acceptable as a component of the overall departmental procedures. Any modification to or
deviation from the manufacturer's manual must be clearly recorded and approved.
NOTE 4: Card files or similar systems that summarize key information are acceptable for use as
quick reference at the workbench provided that:

■ A complete manual is available for reference

■ The card file or similar system corresponds to the complete manual and is
subject to document control
NOTE 5: Electronic manuals accessed by computer are fully acceptable. There is no requirement
for paper copies to be available for the routine operation of the laboratory, as long as the
electronic versions are readily available to all personnel and personnel have been trained on how
to access them. However, procedure manuals must be available to laboratory personnel when
the electronic versions are inaccessible (eg, during laboratory information system or network
downtime); thus, the laboratory must maintain paper copies, electronic copies on CD or other
digital media, or have an approved alternative mechanism to access web-based files during
network downtimes. All policies and procedures, in either electronic or paper form, must be
readily available for review by the inspector at the time of the CAP inspection.
Electronic manuals and electronic copies of policies and procedures are subject to proper
document control (see GEN.20375).
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24):7164 [42CFR493.1251(a) (b) (1-14)(c)(d)(e)]
2) Borkowski A, et al. Intranet-based quality improvement documentation at the Veterans Affairs Maryland health care system. Mod.
Pathol. 2001;14:1-5
3) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Quality Management System: Development and Management of Laboratory
documents; Approved Guideline - Sixth Edition. CLSI document QMS02-A6 (ISBN 1-56238-869-X). Clinical and Laboratory
Standards Institute, 940 West Valley Road, Suite 1400, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087 USA, 2013.
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**NEW** 09/22/2021
COM.10050 Procedure Manual Elements Phase II
The procedure manual includes the following elements, when applicable to the test
procedure:
● Principle and clinical significance
● Requirements for patient preparation; specimen collection, labeling, handling
storage, preservation, transportation, processing, and referral; and criteria for
specimen acceptability and rejection
● Microscopic examination, including the detection of inadequately prepared slides
● Step-by-step performance of the procedure, including test calculations and
interpretation of results
● Preparation of slides, solutions, calibrators, controls, reagents, stains, and other
materials used in testing
● Calibration and calibration verification procedures
● The analytic measurement range for test results for the test system, if applicable
● Control procedures
● Corrective action to take when calibration or control results fail to meet the
laboratory's criteria for acceptability
● Limitations in the test methodology, including interfering substances
● Reference intervals (normal values)
● Imminently life-threatening (critical) test results
● Pertinent literature references
● The laboratory's system for entering results in the patient record and reporting
patient results including, when appropriate, the procedure for reporting
imminently life-threatening (critical) results
● Description of the course of action to take if a test system becomes inoperable
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24):7164 [42CFR493.1251(a) (b)].
2) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Quality Management System: Development and Management of Laboratory
documents; Approved Guideline - Sixth Edition. CLSI document QMS02-A6 (ISBN 1-56238-869-X). Clinical and Laboratory
Standards Institute, Wayne, Pennsylvania, 2013.

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.10100 Policy and Procedure Review Phase II
The laboratory director or designee reviews all technical policies and procedures at least
every two years.

NOTE: The laboratory director must ensure that the collection of testing policies and technical
procedures is complete, current, and has been thoroughly reviewed by a knowledgeable person.
Technical approaches must be scientifically valid and clinically relevant.
To minimize the burden on the laboratory and reviewer(s), the CAP suggests using a schedule
whereby roughly 1/24 of all technical policies and procedures are reviewed monthly. Paper/
electronic signature review must be at the level of each procedure, or as multiple signatures on a
listing of named procedures. A single signature on a Title Page or Index is not a sufficient record
that each policy or procedure has been carefully reviewed. Signature or initials on each page of a
policy or procedure is not required.
The laboratory may record review of electronic procedures by:
● Including statements such as "reviewed by [name of reviewer] on [date of review]" in the
electronic record
● Using a secure electronic signature
● Using paper review sheets.
Only technical policies and procedures are addressed in this requirement. Biennial review is not
required for other controlled documents.
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Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of policy or procedure review
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 1992(Feb 28):7173 [42CFR493.1407(e)(13)]
2) Borkowski A, et al. Intranet-based quality improvement documentation at the Veterans Affairs Maryland health care system. Mod.
Pathol. 2001;14:1-5

COM.10200 New Policy and Procedure Approval Phase II

The laboratory director reviews and approves all new technical policies and procedures,
as well as substantial changes to existing documents, before implementation.

NOTE: This review may not be delegated to designees in laboratories subject to the CLIA
regulations.
Paper or electronic signature review of records is acceptable. A secure electronic signature is
desirable, but not required.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of new policy or procedure approval
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24):7164 [42CFR493.1251(d)]

COM.10250 New Policy and Procedure Approval (Not Subject to US Regulations) Phase II
For laboratories not subject to US regulations, the laboratory director or designee who
meets CAP director qualifications reviews and approves all new technical policies and
procedures, as well as substantial changes to existing documents before implementation.

NOTE: Paper or electronic signature review of records is acceptable. A secure electronic

signature is desirable, but not required.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of new policy or procedure approval

COM.10300 Knowledge of Policies and Procedures Phase II

The laboratory has records indicating that all personnel are knowledgeable about the
contents of the policies and procedures (including changes) relevant to the scope of their
testing activities.

NOTE: The form of this system is at the discretion of the laboratory director. Annual procedure
sign-off by testing personnel is not required.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records indicating that the testing personnel have read the policies and procedures, new
and revised, OR records of another written method approved by the laboratory director
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24): [42CFR493.1251(a)]

COM.10500 Discontinued Policies and Procedures Phase II

The laboratory retains a paper or electronic copy of discontinued policies and procedures
with dates of initial use and retirement for at least two years (five years for transfusion
medicine).
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NOTE: The laboratory must follow its document control system to archive discontinued policies
and procedures.
Discontinued policies and procedures must generally be inaccessible to the working areas of the
laboratory (GEN.20375).
For testing on minors (under the age of 21), stricter national, federal, state (or provincial), or local
laws and regulations may apply to retention of discontinued policies and procedures.
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24):7164 [42CFR493.1105(a)(2)], [42CFR493.1251(e)]

RESULTS REPORTING
Inspector Instructions:
● Sampling of critical patient results/logs

● How do you record the reporting of critical results? Who do you contact?

● Follow a critical result from testing, reporting and recording of notification

COM.29950 Reference Intervals Phase II

All patient/client results are reported with reference (normal) intervals or interpretations
as appropriate.

NOTE: The laboratory must report reference intervals or interpretations with patient/client
results, where such exist to allow for proper interpretation of patient/client data. Age- and/or
sex-specific reference intervals or interpretive ranges must be reported with patient test results,
as applicable. In addition, the use of high and low flags is recommended. It is not necessary to
include reference intervals when test results are reported as part of a treatment protocol that
includes clinical actions, which are based on the test result (eg, activated clotting time in cardiac
surgery).
Under some circumstances it may be appropriate to distribute lists or tables of reference intervals
to all users and sites where reports are received. This system is acceptable if rigidly controlled.
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement amendments
of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24):7162 [42CFR493.1291(d)]
2) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Defining, Establishing, and Verifying Reference Intervals in the Clinical Laboratory
- Approved Guideline-Third Edition. CLSI Document EP28-A3c. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2010.

**REVISED** 10/24/2022
COM.30000 Critical Result Notification Phase II
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The laboratory immediately notifies physicians or other clinical personnel responsible

for patient care when results of designated tests exceed established "critical" values.
Records of notification are retained.

NOTE: Alert or critical results are those results that may require prompt clinical attention to avert
significant patient morbidity or mortality. The laboratory director, in consultation with the clinicians
served, must define the critical values and critical results that pertain to its patient population.
The laboratory may establish different critical results for specific patient subpopulations (for
example, dialysis clinic patients).
An appropriate notification includes a direct dialogue with the responsible individual or an
electronic communication (eg, secure email or fax) with confirmation of receipt by the responsible
individual.
For communication of significant and unexpected surgical pathology and cytopathology findings,
refer to ANP.12175 and CYP.06450 instead.
Allowing clinicians to "opt out" of receiving critical results is strongly discouraged.
Records must show prompt notification of critical results to the appropriate clinical individual and
include the following:
● Date of communication
● Time of communication
● Responsible individual communicating the result
● Person notified using identifiers traceable to that person (a first name alone is
inadequate)
● Test results.
Any problem encountered in accomplishing this task must be investigated to prevent recurrence.
Referral laboratories may report critical results directly to clinical personnel, or to the referring
laboratory. The referral laboratory must have a written agreement with the referring laboratory
that indicates to whom the referral laboratory reports critical results.
In the point-of-care setting, the identity of the testing individual and person notified need not be
recorded when the individual performing the test is the same person who treats the patient. In
this circumstance, however, there must be a record of the critical result, date, and time in the test
report or elsewhere in the medical record.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of notification within the established timeframe
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24): [42CFR493.1291(g)]
2) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Management of Clinical- and Significant-Risk Results. 1st ed. CLSI Guideline GP47.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA; 2015.
3) Howanitz PJ, Steindel SJ, Heard NV. Laboratory critical values policies and procedures: a College of American Pathologists Q-
Probes study in 623 institutions. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2002; 126:663-669. (92-04).
4) Wagar EA, Stankovic AK, Wilkinson DS, Walsh M, Souers RJ. Assessment monitoring of laboratory critical values. A College of
American Pathologists Q-Tracks study of 180 institutions. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2007; 131:44-49. (QT10).
5) Wagar EA, Friedberg RC, Souers R, Stankovic AK. Critical values comparison: a College of American Pathologists Q-Probes survey
of 163 clinical laboratories. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2007; 131:1769-1775. (QP054).

COM.30100 Critical Result Read-Back Phase I

For verbally communicated critical results, personnel communicating results request and
record “read-back” of the results.

NOTE: If critical results are transmitted electronically (eg, secure email or fax), the laboratory
must confirm receipt by the responsible individual; however, no read-back is necessary.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of critical result notification, including read-back as necessary
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REAGENTS
Inspector Instructions:
● Sampling of test procedures for reagent handling
● Sampling of new reagent/shipment confirmation of acceptability records
● Sampling of ambient temperature logs (if reagents stored at ambient temperature)

● Sampling of reagents (expiration date, labeling, storage)

● How do you store the reagents and controls used in test procedures?
● How do you confirm the acceptability of new reagent lots?
● If you identify a problem with a reagent in use (eg, expired vial, unacceptable storage
conditions, etc.), what is your process for evaluating the potential impact on patients?
● What are your laboratory's criteria for mixing components from one lot number of
reagent kit with components from another lot number of kit?
● How does your laboratory manage and control reagent inventory?

COM.30250 Reagent Storage and Handling - Waived Tests Phase II

For waived tests, the laboratory follows manufacturer instructions for handling and
storing reagents, cartridges, test cards, etc.

NOTE: There is no requirement to routinely label individual containers with "date opened";
however, a new expiration date must be recorded if opening the container changes the expiration
date, storage requirement, etc.
If the manufacturer defines a required storage temperature range, the temperature of storage
areas must be monitored daily. Refer to the Temperature-Dependent Instruments, Equipment,
and Environment section of the checklist for requirements for monitoring and recording
temperature.
If the laboratory identifies a problem with a reagent that was used for patient testing (eg, expired
vial or reagent subjected to unacceptable storage conditions, etc.), the laboratory must evaluate
the potential impact on patient test results and retain records of the evaluation and actions taken.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of reagent storage and handling consistent with manufacturer's instructions,
including refrigerator, freezer and room temperature monitoring

The remaining checklist requirements in the REAGENTS section do not apply to waived tests.

COM.30300 Reagent Labeling - Nonwaived Tests Phase II

The laboratory labels all reagents, calibrators, controls, stains, chemicals, and solutions,
as applicable and appropriate, with the following elements:
● Content and quantity, concentration or titer
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● Storage requirements
● Date prepared, filtered or reconstituted by laboratory
● Expiration date.

NOTE: The above elements may be recorded in a log (paper or electronic), rather than on the
containers themselves, providing that all containers are identified so they are traceable to the
appropriate data in the log.
While useful for inventory management, labeling with "date received" is not routinely required.
There is no requirement to routinely label individual containers with "date opened"; however,
a new expiration date must be recorded if opening the container changes the expiration date,
storage requirement, etc. For containers with multiple individual reagent units (eg, cartridges), the
expiration date must be recorded on each unit if stored outside of the original container.
This requirement also applies to the labeling of chemicals used in the laboratory to prepare
reagents or during the preanalytic and analytic phases of the testing process. Requirements
relating to precautionary labeling for hazardous chemicals are included in the Chemical Safety
section of the Laboratory General Checklist.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Properly labeled reagents OR logs traceable to the reagents
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24):7164 [42CFR493.1252(c)]

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.30350 Reagent Storage and Handling - Nonwaived Tests Phase II
All reagents (chemicals, stains, controls, media, antibodies, test strips, testing cartridges,
etc.) are stored and handled as defined by the laboratory and following the manufacturer's
instructions.

NOTE: Reagents must be stored and handled in a manner that will prevent environmentally-
induced alterations that could affect reagent stability and test performance. Prepared reagents
must be properly stored, mixed, when appropriate, and discarded when stability parameters are
exceeded.
If the manufacturer defines a required storage temperature range, the temperature of storage
areas must be monitored daily. Refer to the Temperature-Dependent Instruments, Equipment,
and Environment section of the checklist for requirements for monitoring and recording
temperature.
If the laboratory identifies a problem with a reagent that was used for patient testing (eg, expired
vial or reagent subjected to unacceptable storage conditions, etc.), the laboratory must evaluate
the potential impact on patient test results and retain records of the evaluation and actions taken.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of reagent storage and handling consistent with manufacturer's instructions,
including refrigerator, freezer and room temperature monitoring
REFERENCES
1) Gonzales Y, Kampa IS. The effect of various storage environments on reagent strips. Lab Med. 1997;28:135-137
2) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24): [42CFR493.1252(b)]
3) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). One-Stage Prothrombin Time (PT) Test and Activated Partial Thromboplastin
Time (aPTT) Test; Approved Guideline—Second Edition. CLSI document H47-A2 (ISBN 1-56238-672-7). Clinical and Laboratory
Standards Institute, 940 West Valley Road, Suite 1400, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087 USA, 2008.

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.30400 Reagent Expiration Date - Nonwaived Tests Phase II
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All reagents (chemicals, stains, controls, media, antibodies, test strips, testing cartridges,
etc.) are used within their indicated expiration date.

NOTE: Expiration dates assigned by a manufacturer must be observed. The laboratory must
assign an expiration date if an expiration date is not provided by the manufacturer. The
laboratory must base the assigned expiration date on known stability, frequency of use, storage
conditions, and risk of deterioration.
Transfusion service laboratories may use rare reagents (ie, rare antisera and selected panel red
cells to determine the specificity of red cell antigens and antibodies) beyond their expiration date
if appropriate positive and negative controls are run each day of use and react as expected. The
laboratory must have in-date reagents for routine antigen typing and antibody panel testing
For histology and cytology, laboratories may satisfy confirmation of ongoing acceptable
performance of stains until the expiration date by technical assessment of case material
containing suitable material for evaluation of stains, or by use of suitable control specimens.
Laboratories not subject to US regulations and military laboratories in overseas locations, may
use expired reagents only under the following circumstances: 1) The reagents are unique, rare
or difficult to obtain; or 2) Delivery of new shipments of reagents is delayed through causes
not under control of the laboratory. The laboratory must retain records of verification of the
performance of expired reagents in accordance with written laboratory procedure. The laboratory
must also retain records of its efforts to obtain reagents in a timely manner and the rationale for
continuing to perform the test instead of referring it to another laboratory.
Laboratories subject to US regulations must not use expired reagents.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records confirming acceptability of any reagent used beyond its expiration date (in
jurisdictions where allowed)
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24):7164 [42CFR493.1252(d)]
2) Food and Drug Administration. Current good manufacturing practice for blood and blood components. Equipment, Supplies and
Reagents. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1999(Apr 1):[21CFR606.65(e)].
3) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement amendments
of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24):[42CFR493.1271(a)(1)(e)].

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.30450 New Reagent Lot and Shipment Confirmation of Acceptability - Nonwaived Phase II
Tests
New reagent lots and shipments are checked against previous reagent lots or with
suitable reference material before or concurrently with being placed in service.

NOTE: This requirement applies to reagents that provide a chemical or biological reaction to
detect and/or measure a target analyte and would not apply to inert ingredients (eg, reagent
water, saline) or materials used for specimen preparation.
The purpose of this check is to confirm that the use of new analytic reagent lots and shipments
do not affect patient results. Matrix interferences between different lots of reagents may impact
the calibration status of instruments and consistency of patient results. Improper storage
conditions during shipping of reagents may have a negative impact on their ability to perform or
exhibit the same levels of reactivity as intended.
The minimum extent of the reagent check is described below; however, the check must be at
least as extensive as described in the manufacturer's instructions. The laboratory may determine
the number of specimens tested.
Qualitative: For qualitative nonwaived tests, minimum cross-checking includes retesting at least
one positive and negative specimen with known reactivity against the new reagent lot. Utilization
of a weakly positive specimen is recommended for confirmation of acceptability.
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Examples of suitable reference materials for qualitative tests include:

● Positive and negative patient specimens tested on a previous lot;

● Previously tested proficiency testing materials;
● External QC materials tested on the previous lot (eg, antigen testing kit controls,
immunohematology antisera and reagent red cells)
● Control strains of organisms or previously identified organisms for microbiology reagents
used to detect or evaluate cultured microorganisms;
● If none of the above options is available, control material provided by the assay
manufacturer with the new test kit.
There are more specific requirements in other checklists for some types of qualitative testing,
such as:
● Flow cytometry antibodies and reagents (FLO.23325)
● Microbiology media and stains, disks/strips, antimicrobials, and reagents (eg,
MIC.11038, MIC.21540, MIC.21560, MIC.21624, MIC.21626, MIC.21910, MIC.65320)
● Immunohistochemistry antibody and detection system reagents (ANP.22760,
CYP.04380, BAP.05363).
Quantitative: For quantitative nonwaived tests, patient specimens are preferred for comparing
a new lot against the previous lot, when possible. Manufactured materials, such as proficiency
testing (PT) or QC materials may be affected by matrix interference between different reagent
lots, even if results show no change following a reagent lot change. The use of patient specimens
confirms the absence of matrix interference. The following materials may be used:
● Patient specimens tested on a previous lot
● Reference materials or QC products provided by the method manufacturer with method
specific and reagent lot specific target values
● Proficiency testing materials with peer group established means
● QC materials with peer group established means based on interlaboratory comparison
that is method specific and includes data from at least 10 laboratories
● Third-party general purpose reference materials if commutable with patient specimens
for the method (per package insert or method manufacturer)
● QC material in use with the current reagent lot to check a new shipment of the same
reagent lot (There should be no change in potential matrix interactions with use of the
same lot number of reagent and QC material).
For hematology analyzers, reservoirs containing testing reagents and cleaning/decontaminating
solutions must be checked according to manufacturer's instructions.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records for the introduction of new lots and shipments, including lot number(s) tested and
comparison of results to the acceptability criteria
REFERENCES
1) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Evaluation of Matrix Effects; Approved Guideline. 3rd ed. CLSI Document EP14-A3.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2014
2) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Verification of Comparability of Patient Results within One Healthcare System: Approved
Guideline (Interim Revision). CLSI document EP31-A-IR. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2012.
3) Miller WG, Myers GL, Rej R. Why commutability matters. Clin Chem. 2006;52:553-554
4) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). User Evaluation of Acceptability of a Reagent Lot Change. 2nd ed. CLSI guideline
EP26. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA; 2022.

COM.30500 Reagent Kit Components - Nonwaived Tests Phase II

If there are multiple components of a reagent kit, the laboratory uses components of
reagent kits only within the kit lot unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer.
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24): [42CFR493.1252(e)]
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INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT

A variety of instruments and equipment are used to support the performance of analytical procedures. Examples
of equipment include, but are not limited to centrifuges, microscopes, incubators, heat blocks, refrigerators,
freezers, biological safety cabinets, fume hoods, glassware, pipettes, etc. This section contains general
requirements that apply to most laboratory sections and types of testing. The laboratory is also responsible for
any additional instrument and equipment requirements found in the discipline-specific checklists, as applicable.

INSTRUMENT AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE/FUNCTION CHECKS

Inspector Instructions:
● Sampling of instrument/equipment policies and procedures
● Sampling of function check and performance verification records for instruments/
equipment
● Sampling of instrument/equipment maintenance logs and repair records
● Records of ocular micrometer calibration

● Instrument/equipment records (promptly retrievable)

● Microscopes (proper working condition)
● Microscope filters - used as indicated by manufacturer
● Ocular micrometer

COM.30525 Maintenance and Function Checks - Waived Tests Phase II

For waived tests, the laboratory follows manufacturer's instructions for instrument and
equipment maintenance and function checks.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Manufacturer's instrument/equipment instructions for each waived test AND
✓ Records of instrument/equipment maintenance and function checks as required by the
manufacturer

The remaining checklist requirements in the INSTRUMENT AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE/FUNCTION

CHECK section do not apply to waived tests.

COM.30550 Instrument/Equipment Performance Verification Phase II

The laboratory verifies the performance of all instruments and equipment prior to initial
use, after major maintenance or service, and after relocation to ensure that they run
according to expectations.

NOTE: Instrument/equipment performance verification (NOT to be confused with validation or

verification of the test method performance specifications) includes processes to verify that the
instruments and equipment perform according to expectations for the intended use and within
defined tolerance limits.
If instruments or equipment are moved, the laboratory must perform appropriate function checks
to ensure that they were not adversely affected by the relocation process or changes due to the
new environment. This does not apply to portable equipment used following the manufacturer's
instructions.
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Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of appropriate function checks
REFERENCES
1) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Laboratory Instrument Implementation, Verification, and Maintenance; Approved
Guideline. CLSI Document GP31-A. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2009.

**REVISED** 10/24/2022
COM.30575 Instrument Operation Phase II
Written procedures for start-up, operation and shutdown of instruments and equipment,
as applicable, are available in a paper-based, electronic, or web-based format at the
workbench or in the work area.

NOTE: The procedures must include steps to perform an emergency shutdown and handling
of workload during instrument downtime, as applicable. These may be separate approved
procedures or be included in the testing procedure for a specific analyte.

COM.30600 Maintenance/Function Checks Phase II

The laboratory performs and records appropriate maintenance and function checks for all
instruments (eg, analyzers) and equipment (eg, centrifuges) following a defined schedule,
at least as frequent as specified by the manufacturer.

NOTE: Maintenance and function checks may include (but are not limited to) cleaning, electronic,
mechanical and operational checks.
The purpose of a function check is to detect drift, instability, or malfunction, before the problem is
allowed to affect test results.
For equipment without manufacturer's instructions defining maintenance and function check
requirements, the laboratory must establish a schedule and procedure that reasonably reflects
the workload and operating specifications of its equipment.
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24): [42CFR493.1254]
2) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Laboratory Instrument Implementation, Verification, and Maintenance; Approved
Guideline. CLSI Document GP31-A. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2009.

COM.30625 Function Check Tolerance Limits Phase II

The laboratory takes and records corrective action when tolerance limits for acceptable
function of instruments and equipment are exceeded.

NOTE: The defined tolerance limits must follow the manufacturer's specified limits. Function
checks must be within the defined tolerance limits prior to use for testing patient samples.
The action related to tests that have an approved Individualized Quality Control Plan (IQCP)
must include an assessment of whether further evaluation of the risk assessment and quality
control plan is needed based on problems identified (eg, trending for repeat failures, etc.).
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24): [42CFR493.1254]

COM.30650 Instrument Troubleshooting Phase II

Instructions are provided for minor troubleshooting and repairs of instruments (such as
manufacturer's service manual).
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COM.30675 Instrument and Equipment Records Phase II

Instrument and equipment maintenance, function check, performance verification, and
service and repair records (or copies) are promptly available to, and usable by, the
technical staff operating the equipment.

NOTE: Effective utilization of instruments and equipment by the technical staff depends upon the
prompt availability of the records (copies are acceptable) to detect trends or malfunctions. Off-
site storage, such as with centralized medical maintenance or computer files, is acceptable if the
inspector is satisfied that the records can be promptly retrieved.
REFERENCES
1) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Laboratory Instrument Implementation, Verification, and Maintenance; Approved
Guideline. CLSI Document GP31-A. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2009.

COM.30680 Microscope Maintenance Phase II

Microscopes are clean, adequate (eg, low, high dry and oil immersion lenses as
appropriate for the intended use), optically aligned, and properly maintained with records
of preventive maintenance at least annually.

NOTE: Koehler illumination must be maintained for optimal resolution. Phase contrast
microscopy should be available when indicated (eg, manual platelet counting, urinalysis
microscopy).
REFERENCES
1) Vetter JP. Solving problems with illumination, focus, and detail in color photomicrography. Lab Med. 1997;28:719-723.

COM.30685 Microscopes for Fluorescence Testing Phase II

The microscopes used for fluorescence testing are monitored to ensure sufficient light
source intensity, and are used with filters and slides appropriate to, and verified in
conjunction with, the test(s) being performed.

NOTE: Having a process to track the length of time the bulb is in use and limit bulb usage based
on the manufacturer's recommendations (as applicable), is an example of an acceptable process
to monitor the adequacy of the source intensity.
The use of filters or slides not matched properly to the assay(s) performed can lead to erroneous
results. Written procedures must specify the excitation and emission filters used for fluorescence
microscopy. Fluorescence microscopes should be used in an area where ambient lighting can be
minimized.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of microscope monitoring
REFERENCES
1) Schutzbank TE, McGuire R. Immunofluorescence. In: Specter S, Hodinka RL, Young SA, editors. Clinical Virology Manual. Third
Edition ed. Washington: ASM Press;2000. p. 69-78.
2) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute . Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Methods for Clinical Laboratories; Approved
Guideline. 2nd ed. CLSI document MM07-A2. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA, 2008.

COM.30690 Calibration/Recalibration - Ocular Micrometer Phase II

The ocular micrometer (when required) is calibrated for the microscope(s) and the specific
objective(s) with which it is used.

NOTE: An ocular micrometer is required for certain types of testing, including:

● Parasitology identification when determining the size of eggs, larvae, cysts,
trophozoites, and microfilaria or other bloodborne parasites
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● Sperm morphology for use of certain sperm morphology classification methods

(Kruger Strict and World Health Organization (WHO) methods references in the
3rd and 4th editions).
● Surgical pathology when accurate microscopic measurements are needed (eg,
measuring depth or extent of invasion and margins in various cancers, extent
of involvement in needle core biopsies, size of organisms or other microscopic
findings)
Calibrations must be checked against a calibrated stage micrometer slide or other object(s) of
known dimensions appropriate to the use of the ocular micrometer.
Any change in the optics of the microscope (eg, change in objective or ocular lens) requires
recalibration. If there are no changes to a particular microscope's optical components, there is no
need to recheck calibration.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of initial calibration and recalibration, if applicable
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement amendments
of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24):7167 [42CFR493.1264(b)]

THERMOMETERS
Inspector Instructions:
● Records of traceability to NIST Standards
● Sampling of verification records for non-certified thermometers
● Sampling of policies and procedures for thermometer verification

COM.30700 Thermometric Standard Device Phase II

An appropriate thermometric standard device of known accuracy (certified to meet
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standards or traceable to NIST
Standards) is available.

NOTE: Thermometric standard devices must be recalibrated, recertified, or replaced prior to the
date of expiration of the guarantee of calibration or they are subject to requirements for non-
certified thermometers.
Thermometers should be periodically evaluated for damage (eg, separation of columns).
Thermometers with obvious damage must be rechecked for continued use.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Thermometer certificate of accuracy
REFERENCES
1) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Laboratory Instrument Implementation, Verification, and Maintenance; Approved
Guideline. CLSI Document GP31-A. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2009.

COM.30725 Non-certified Thermometers Phase II

All non-certified thermometers are checked against an appropriate thermometric standard
device before initial use and as defined by laboratory policy.

NOTE: Non-certified thermometers used in transfusion medicine, including blood-warmer

thermometers, must be checked at least annually.
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If digital or other displays of temperatures on equipment are used for daily monitoring, the
laboratory must verify that the readout is accurate. The display must be checked initially and
following manufacturer's instructions.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of verification
REFERENCES
1) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Laboratory Instrument Implementation, Verification, and Maintenance; Approved
Guideline. CLSI Document GP31-A. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2009.

TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT INSTRUMENTS,
EQUIPMENT, AND ENVIRONMENTS
Inspector Instructions:
● Sampling of temperature logs (refrigerator, freezer, water bath, heat block, incubator
ambient, etc.)

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.30750 Temperature Checks Phase II
The laboratory monitors and records temperatures using a calibrated thermometer as
defined in written procedure for the following:
● Temperature-dependent storage devices (eg, refrigerators, freezers, incubators)
● Temperature-dependent equipment (eg, water baths, heat blocks)
● Temperature-dependent environments (eg, ambient reagent or specimen storage,
conditions for instrument operation and test performance)

NOTE: Temperature-dependent storage devices and temperature-dependent environments

where reagents, supplies, and patient/client specimens are stored within a specified temperature
range must be checked daily. Please refer to more stringent requirements in the Transfusion
Medicine, Reproductive Laboratory Medicine and Biorepository Checklists for storage
requirements for blood components, tissues, and biorepository specimens.
Use of a continuous monitoring device or a minimum/maximum thermometer satisfies the
requirement for daily temperature recording, including during laboratory closures (eg, weekends,
holidays), as long as the monitoring data is evaluated on the next business day prior to use.
For use of minimum/maximum thermometers during laboratory closures, this includes resetting
the device prior to the monitoring period and recording both low and high temperatures. It is not
necessary to record low and high temperatures on days when the laboratory is in operation if
daily temperatures are recorded.
Temperature-dependent equipment and temperature-dependent environments used for
procedures at a specified temperature range must be checked on each day of use. For heat
blocks or dry baths, thermocouple probes may be used as an alternative method for checking the
temperature.
Temperature-dependent environments refer to areas of the laboratory where specific
instruments, equipment, kits, or supplies have manufacturer or laboratory specified ambient
temperature ranges for proper operation, storage, or use.
Temperatures may be recorded either manually or using a recording device or system by: 1)
recording the numerical temperature, or 2) placing a mark on a graph that corresponds to a
numerical temperature. If temperatures are recorded manually, the identity of the individual
recording temperatures must be recorded (initials of the individual are adequate).
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If an automated (including remote) temperature monitoring system is used instead of manual

temperature monitoring, laboratory personnel must have ongoing immediate access to the
temperature data so that appropriate corrective action can be taken if a temperature is outside
of the acceptable range. System records must demonstrate daily functionality of the automated
system in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
Patient specimens, reagents, and controls may be stored in a frost-free freezer only if protected
from thawing. Thermal containers within the freezer may be used. The laboratory must retain
records showing that the temperatures stay within the defined range.
● Repeated freeze-thaw cycles contribute to biomolecular degradation and are detrimental
to biospecimen quality.
● It is prudent to avoid freeze-thaw altogether by aliquoting specimens before freezing.
REFERENCES
1) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Laboratory Instrument Implementation, Verification, and Maintenance; Approved
Guideline. CLSI Document GP31-A. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2009.
2) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24):[42CFR493.1252(b)].

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.30775 Temperature Range Phase II
Acceptable ranges are defined for all temperature-dependent storage devices, equipment,
and environments (including test-dependent ambient temperature) in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Temperature log or record with defined acceptable range
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24):[42CFR493.1252(b)].

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.30800 Temperature Corrective Action Phase II
The laboratory takes corrective action when acceptable temperature ranges for
temperature-dependent storage devices, equipment, and environments are exceeded,
including evaluation for adverse effects.

NOTE: If acceptable temperature ranges are exceeded, stored reagents, controls, calibrators,
or other materials must be checked to confirm the accuracy or quality of the material before use,
with records retained.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of corrective action for unacceptable temperatures
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24):[42CFR493.1252(b)].

VOLUMETRIC GLASSWARE AND PIPETTES

Inspector Instructions:
● Pipette verification procedure
● Sampling of records of pipette/dilutor checks
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● What is your laboratory's course of action prior to using non-certified volumetric

glassware?
● How are you assured your automatic pipetting systems exhibit no carryover effects?

COM.30810 Volumetric Glassware Accuracy and Reproducibility Phase II

Glass volumetric pipettes and other glassware used for volumetric dispensing are of
certified accuracy (Class A); or if non-Class A pipettes and glassware are used, they are
checked for accuracy and reproducibility initially and according to the manufacturer's
recommended interval, or at least annually if not specified, and the results are recorded.

NOTE: The following Table shows the American Society for Testing and Materials' calibration
(accuracy) specifications for Class A volumetric pipettes:

Nominal Capacity (mL) Variation (± mL)

0.5 - 2 0.006
3-7 0.01
8 - 10 0.02
15 - 30 0.03
40 - 50 0.05
100 0.08

For Non-Class A pipettes: Pipette checks must be performed following manufacturer's

instructions, at minimum and as defined in laboratory procedure. Such checks may be done
by gravimetric, colorimetric or other validation procedures. Alternative approaches include
spectrophotometry and the use of commercial kits.
If initial calibration is performed by the manufacturer or other outside facility, sufficient information
must be provided to justify acceptance of the pipette's calibration based on the laboratory's
written specifications of acceptable bias and imprecision. The outside facility must also provide a
record of the technique used to check calibration and ship the pipette in a manner that protects it
from damage in transit.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Pipettes and glassware marked Class A OR a NIST certificate OR
✓ Records of initial and ongoing verification of non-Class A pipette and glassware accuracy
and reproducibility
REFERENCES
1) Curtis RH. Performance verification of manual action pipets. Part I. Am Clin Lab. 1994;12(7):8-9
2) Curtis RH. Performance verification of manual action pipets. Part II. Am Clin Lab. 1994;12(9):16-17
3) Perrier S, et al. Micro-pipette calibration using a ratiometric photometer-reagent system as compared to the gravimetric method. Clin
Chem. 1995;41:S183
4) American Society for Testing and Materials. Standard specification for glass volumetric (transfer) pipets, designation E 969-95.
Philadelphia, PA: ASTM, 1995
5) Johnson B. Calibration to dye for: Artel's new pipette calibration system. Scientist. 1999;13(12):14
6) Connors M, Curtis R. Pipetting error: a real problem with a simple solution. Parts I and II. Am Lab News. 1999;31(13):20-22
7) Skeen GA, Ashwood ER. Using spectrophotometry to evaluate volumetric devices. Lab Med. 2000;31:478-479

COM.30820 Quantitative Pipette Accuracy and Reproducibility Phase II

Pipettes used for quantitative dispensing (eg, adjustable volume, micropipettes, dilutors,
and analytic instruments with integral automatic pipettors) are checked for accuracy and
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reproducibility initially and according to the manufacturer's recommended interval, or at

least annually if not specified, and the results are recorded.

NOTE: The initial calibration may be performed by the manufacturer or other outside facility,
but in such cases the laboratory must have a record from the manufacturer or other facility that
includes the technique used to check calibration, the method of shipment to prevent damage
in transit, and the bias and precision of the pipette(s). The bias and imprecision must meet the
specification established by the laboratory.
If the facility performs pipette checks in house, they must be performed following manufacturer's
instructions, at minimum, and as defined in laboratory procedure. Such checks may be done
by gravimetric, colorimetric or other validation procedures. Alternative approaches include
spectrophotometry and the use of commercial kits.
For analytic instruments with integral automatic pipettors, this checklist requirement applies,
unless such checks are not practical for end-user laboratory. Manufacturers' recommendations
must be followed.
This requirement is not applicable for pre-calibrated inoculation loops that are used in the direct
plating of clinical specimens such as urine cultures.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of initial and ongoing verification of pipette accuracy and reproducibility

COM.30830 Measuring Devices Phase I

The use of less precise measuring devices such as serological plastic pipettes and
graduated cylinders are limited to situations where the accuracy and precision of
calibrated glass pipettes are not required.

NOTE: In contrast with the more stringent accuracy requirements of glass pipettes, ASTM
requirements for plastic pipettes are ± 3% of the stated volume. The procedure manual must
specify when the use of non-class A measuring devices is permissible.
REFERENCES
1) American Society for Testing and Materials. Standard specification for serological pipets, disposable plastic, designation E
934-88, In 1993 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, section 14 (general methods and instrumentation). Philadelphia, PA: ASTM,
1993:14.02:485-486

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.30840 Pipette Carryover Phase II
The laboratory evaluates its automatic pipetting systems for carryover.

NOTE: This requirement applies to both stand-alone pipette systems and to sample pipettes
integrated with analytic instruments.
One suggested method to study carryover is to run known high patient samples, followed by
known low samples to see if the results of the low-level material are affected. If carryover is
detected, the laboratory must determine the analyte concentration above which subsequent
samples may be affected, and define this value in the procedure. Results of each analytical run
must be reviewed to ensure that no results exceed this level. If results that exceed the defined
level are detected, then the appropriate course of action must be defined (repeat analysis of
subsequent samples, for example).
Carryover studies must be performed, as applicable, as part of the initial evaluation of an
instrument and be repeated after major maintenance or repair of the pipetting assembly of the
instrument. The laboratory may use the data from carryover studies performed by instrument
manufacturers, as appropriate.
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In practice, carryover is a problem only for analytes with a wide clinical range of analyte
concentration, such that a minute degree of carry-over could have significant clinical implications.
Examples include immunoassays such as hCG, certain enzymes (eg, CK), and certain drugs of
abuse (eg, benzoylecgonine [cocaine metabolite], which may be present in high concentrations).
The laboratory should select representative examples of such analytes for carryover studies.
Evaluation for carryover is not required for automatic pipettes that use disposable tips.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Record of carryover studies, as applicable
REFERENCES
1) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Laboratory Instrument Implementation, Verification, and Maintenance; Approved
Guideline. CLSI Document GP31-A. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2009.

ANALYTICAL BALANCES

An analytical balance is a class of balance designed to measure mass accurately in the milligram to sub-
milligram range. They are typically used for measuring chemicals used to prepare standards.

For other types of balances or weight measurement devices (eg, scales), refer to the Instrument and Equipment
Maintenance/Function Checks section and to discipline-specific requirements, as applicable (eg, ANP.32450 for
autopsy pathology, TRM.32200 for blood volume standardization).

Inspector Instructions:
● Sampling of analytical balance service records
● Sampling of analytical balance accuracy check records

● Analytical balances (placement)

● Standard weights (maintained, appropriate class)

COM.30860 Analytical Balance Maintenance Phase I

Analytical balances are cleaned, serviced and checked at least annually by qualified
service personnel.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of analytical balance maintenance AND
✓ Service contract or records of technical training of in-house personnel

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.30870 Analytical Balance Placement Phase I
Analytical balances are placed in locations that permit accurate and precise
measurements. If subject to vibrations that may interfere with readings, they are placed on
vibration-damping tables or surfaces.

NOTE: This requirement applies to analytical balances used to measure mass in the milligram
and sub-milligram range.
REFERENCES
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1) General European OMCL Network (GEON). Quality Management Document PA/PH/OMCL (12) 77 R11 Qualification of Equipment
Annex 8: Quantification of Balances. Updated September 2020.

COM.30880 Analytical Balance Accuracy Phase II

Standard weights of the appropriate American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/ASTM
Class are available and used for verifying accuracy of analytical balances at defined
intervals, with records retained.

NOTE: The verification of accuracy of the analytical balance must be performed at a defined
interval to ensure accurate creation of analytical calibrators and/or weighed-in controls from
standard materials, as well as when gravimetrically checking the accuracy of pipettes.
Accuracy must be verified at least every six months if used for weighing materials to make
standard solutions for method calibration. Accuracy must be verified at the time of installation and
whenever a balance is moved. Acceptable ranges must be defined.
External verification of accuracy requires the appropriate class of ASTM specification weights.
ASTM Class 1 weights are appropriate for calibrating high precision analytical balances (0.01
to 0.1 mg limit of precision). ASTM Class 2 weights are appropriate for calibrating precision
top-loading balances (0.001 to 0.01 g precision). ASTM Class 3 weights are appropriate for
calibrating moderate precision balances, (0.01 to 0.1 g precision).
Laboratories located outside of the United States may use equivalent certified weights if ANSI/
ASTM class standard weights are not available.
REFERENCES
1) ASTM E617-13. Standard Specification for Laboratory Weights and Precision Mass Standards, ASTM International, West
Conshohocken, PA, 2013. http://www.astm.org
2) ASTM E898-88 (2013). Standard Test Method of Testing Top-Loading, Direct-Reading Laboratory Scales and Balances. ASTM
International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2013. http://www.astm.org
3) General European OMCL Network (GEON). Quality Management Document PA/PH/OMCL (12) 77 R11 Qualification of Equipment
Annex 8: Quantification of Balances. Updated September 2020.

COM.30890 Weight Maintenance Phase II

Calibration weights for analytical balances are well-maintained (clean, in a covered
container, free of corrosion) and appropriate lifting or handling devices are available.

NOTE: Weights must be well-maintained (covered when not in use, free of corrosion) and only be
handled by devices that will not leave residual contaminants on the weights. Certified weights will
only meet their specifications if maintained in pristine condition.

WAIVED TEST IMPLEMENTATION

This section applies to waived testing performed following the manufacturer's instructions, without modification.
The current list of tests waived under CLIA may be found at http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/
cfClia/analyteswaived.cfm.

Inspector Instructions:
● Policies and procedures for the introduction of new waived tests
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● Which waived tests or instruments have been implemented in the past two years?
● Are all manufacturers' instructions followed exactly for all waived test kits and
devices?

● Review written procedures and manufacturer's instructions for a sampling of tests.

Confirm that procedures follow manufacturer's instructions.

**REVISED** 10/24/2022
COM.30980 Waived Test Implementation and Approval Phase II
The laboratory director or designee meeting CAP director qualifications approves the
introduction of new waived tests.

NOTE: After initial approval, the introduction of additional identical waived instruments performing
identical previously approved waived tests does not require approval by the director or designee,
providing manufacturer instructions for instrument verification are followed and recorded.
Waived testing must be performed following the manufacturer's instructions. If the laboratory
modifies a waived test, the checklist requirements for high complexity testing apply, including the
requirements for validation of the method performance specifications.
The laboratory director's signature on the written test procedure may be used to show approval of
the test for use in patient testing.
This requirement also applies to tests with FDA emergency use authorization (EUA) specifically
designated by the FDA or other entities as designated by the US Department of Health
and Human Services (HHS) Secretary for use in patient care settings in the EUA Letter of
Authorization. Such tests are deemed to be CLIA waived tests.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of test approval

TEST METHOD VALIDATION AND VERIFICATION - NONWAIVED TESTS

NOTE: This section does not apply to waived tests performed following manufacturer's instructions.

ANALYTICAL VALIDATION/VERIFICATION

Analytical verification is the process by which a laboratory determines that an unmodified FDA-cleared/approved
test performs according to the specifications set forth by the manufacturer when used as directed. Analytical
validation is the process used to confirm with objective evidence that a laboratory-developed or modified FDA-
cleared/approved test method or instrument system delivers reliable results for the intended application. See
below for requirements for laboratories not subject to US regulations.

Laboratories are required to perform analytical validation or verification of each nonwaived test, method, or
instrument system before use in patient testing, regardless of when it was first introduced by the laboratory,
including instruments of the same make and model and temporary replacement (loaner) instruments. There
is no exception for analytical validation or verification of tests introduced prior to a specific date. The
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laboratory must have data for the validation or verification of the applicable method performance specifications
and retain the records as long as the method is in use and for at least two years after discontinuation.

If an FDA-cleared or approved method was verified by someone other than the laboratory's personnel (eg,
manufacturer's representative), the laboratory must ensure that the verification correlates with its in-house test
performance by showing confirmation of performance specifications by laboratory personnel testing known
specimens.

The method performance specifications (ie, the applicable analytic performance characteristics of the test,
such as accuracy, precision, etc.) must be validated or verified in the location in which patient testing will be
performed. If an instrument is moved, the laboratory is responsible for determining that the method performance
specifications are not affected by the relocation process or any changes due to the new environment (eg,
refer to the manufacturer's manual regarding critical requirements, such as set-up limitations, environmental
conditions, etc.). The laboratory must follow manufacturer's instructions for instrument set up, maintenance,
and system verification. Separate requirements for verifying the performance of instruments and equipment
to confirm that they function according to expectations for the intended use and within the defined tolerance
limits are found in the Instrument and Equipment Maintenance and Function Checks section (COM.30550,
COM.30600).

QUALITATIVE TESTING

Not all method performance specifications apply to qualitative tests. For qualitative tests, the laboratory must
verify or establish the method performance specifications that are applicable and clinically relevant.

LABORATORIES SUBJECT TO US REGULATIONS:

● For unmodified FDA-cleared or approved tests, the laboratory may use information from
manufacturers, or published literature, but the laboratory must verify such outside information
on accuracy, precision, reportable range, and reference intervals.
● For modified FDA-cleared or approved tests and laboratory-developed tests (LDTs), the
laboratory must establish accuracy, precision, analytical sensitivity, analytical specificity
(interferences), reportable range, and reference intervals, as applicable; data on interferences
may be obtained from manufacturers or published literature, as applicable.

LABORATORIES NOT SUBJECT TO US REGULATIONS:

● For laboratories performing tests approved by an internationally recognized regulatory

authority (eg, the European Union's Conformité Européenne (CE) Marking), the laboratory
may use information from manufacturers, or published literature, but the laboratory must verify
such outside information on accuracy, precision, reportable range, and reference intervals.
Analytical verification must also follow national, federal, state (or provincial), and local laws
and regulations for approval and usage of such tests. These instruments and devices are not
considered laboratory-developed tests in laboratories not subject to US regulations.
● For tests not approved by an internationally recognized regulatory authority, the laboratory
must perform analytic validation to establish accuracy, precision, analytic sensitivity, analytical
specificity (interferences), reportable range, and reference intervals, as applicable; data on
interferences may be obtained from manufacturers or published literature, as applicable.

LABORATORY-DEVELOPED TESTS:
For the purposes of interpreting the checklist requirements, a laboratory-developed test (LDT) is defined as
follows: A test used in patient management that has both of the following features:

1. The test is performed by the clinical laboratory in which the test was developed wholly or in part;
AND
2. The test is neither FDA-cleared nor FDA-approved (or, for laboratories not subject to US
regulations, the test is not approved by an internationally recognized regulatory authority).
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EMERGENCY USE AUTHORIZATION (EUA)

For laboratories subject to US regulations, an emergency use authorization (EUA) is the legal mechanism
used by the FDA or other entities as designated by the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
Secretary to allow the use of an unapproved medical product (eg, diagnostic device) or an unapproved use of
an approved medical product during an emergency to diagnose, treat, or prevent a serious or life threatening
disease condition caused by a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear agent (CBRN). An EUA assay is not
considered a laboratory-developed test. For purposes of accreditation, laboratories using an EUA assay must
follow checklist requirements for FDA-cleared/approved methods.

Laboratories must verify the test method performance specifications as applicable to the test's FDA-designed
authorized setting, which can be found in the EUA Letter of Authorization.
● For tests authorized for use in a patient care setting, the laboratory must follow manufacturer's
instructions for waived test implementation (COM.30980) at minimum.
● For tests authorized for use in moderate or high complexity testing laboratories only, laboratories must
verify the test method performance specifications as defined in COM.40300 and follow manufacturer's
instructions for verification, if provided. While the objective is to fully verify the test method performance
specifications, a more limited approach is acceptable if sufficient numbers and types of positive
specimens and standard materials are unavailable (eg, early in an emergency disease outbreak, with
outbreaks that are geographically limited, or with agents that pose a particularly high biosafety risk).

Laboratories using an EUA assay must follow the assay or test system's protocol as authorized by the FDA
without modification, except for modifications allowed by the FDA. Note that the FDA and the CAP may require
studies prior to implementing certain modifications. The laboratory must document any alternative mechanism
employed to ensure accurate test results.

Under emergency conditions, sampling devices and transport media may become limited and it may be
necessary to obtain them from multiple sources. If EUA regulations specifically address these items, the
laboratory must follow them. Otherwise, the laboratory director or designee meeting CAP director qualifications
has discretion to determine which devices and media are acceptable for use; a full, formal verification study for
each device or media is not necessarily required, but the laboratory must have defined criteria for specimen
acceptance.

Information on current EUA assays can be found on the FDA website (www.fda.gov).

Laboratories not subject to US regulations may use US FDA EUA assays or other types of assays (eg, World
Health Organization Emergency Use Listing) as allowed by national, federal, state (or provincial), or local
regulations.

Inspector Instructions:
● Policies and procedures for the introduction of new tests, methods, or instruments
● Sampling of assay validation and verification studies with emphasis on tests
introduced in the past two years, especially high volume tests and tests with the
highest risk to patients
● Sampling of patient reports for laboratory-developed assays

● Which laboratory tests or instruments have been implemented in the past two years,
particularly those that are not FDA-cleared/approved?
● Do you follow the manufacturer's instructions exactly for all FDA-cleared/approved
diagnostic kits or devices?
● For laboratories not subject to US regulations, do you follow the manufacturer's
instructions exactly for tests approved by an internationally recognized regulatory
authority?
● How does your laboratory validate or verify assay performance prior to test
implementation?
● How does your laboratory verify or establish reference intervals?
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● How does your laboratory validate clinical performance characteristics of LDTs?

● Select at least one validation or verification study performed for each type of
instrument or method introduced during the past two years.
● In addition, select assays for evaluation if recurrent problems have been identified
in proficiency testing results, quality control, competency assessment, or physician
complaints regardless of how long the assay has been in place.
● Review validation or verification records to confirm that appropriate studies were
performed using an adequate number of cases, and a written assessment of the
data was performed. If the data showed discordances or unacceptable variations,
investigate how they were resolved. If a study was not performed or is missing
required components, cite the appropriate related requirement(s) (eg, COM.40300,
COM.40325, COM.40350).
● Confirm that the written assessment of each component (accuracy, precision,
interferences, etc.) of the validation or verification studies has been approved by the
laboratory director (or qualified designee) prior to the initiation of clinical testing. If
the study assessment was not signed by the laboratory director or designee, cite
COM.40475.
● Review examples of patient reports for laboratory-developed tests to identify clinical
claims being made by the laboratory for the testing. Confirm that studies for the
clinical performance specifications were performed.

COM.40250 Manufacturer's Instructions Phase II

The laboratory follows manufacturer's instructions for all test systems or provides
validation records if the test has been modified.

NOTE: Following manufacturer's instructions includes performing quality control, calibration,

calibration verification, and related functions as applicable to the scope of testing. Reagents,
fluids, and disposable materials supplied by the laboratory must meet the specifications in the
instructions.
If the laboratory modifies manufacturer's instructions, the test is no longer FDA-cleared/approved,
and the modification(s) must be validated by the laboratory. This requirement also applies to
laboratories not subject to US regulations for tests approved by an internationally recognized
regulatory authority that are modified by the laboratory.
Changes in the specimen type or collection device are examples of common modifications (see
"modification of manufacturer's instructions" in the Definition of Terms). Additional requirements
for validation/verification may be found in the discipline-specific checklists.
For waived and moderately complex tests, if manufacturer instructions are modified,
requirements for high complexity testing apply.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Validation records of established performance specifications (accuracy, precision, analytical
sensitivity, analytical specificity, interferences, reference interval(s), and reportable range) of
any test that has been modified
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24): [42CFR493.1252]

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.40300 Verification of Test Performance Specifications - FDA-cleared/approved Phase II
Tests
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Prior to clinical use of each unmodified FDA-cleared or approved test, the laboratory has
performed a verification study and prepared a written assessment of each of the following
test method performance specifications, as applicable, using a sufficient number of
characterized samples:
1. Analytical accuracy
2. Analytical precision
3. Reportable range

NOTE 1: This requirement also applies to tests with FDA emergency use authorization (EUA) in
moderate or high complexity testing laboratory settings.
NOTE 2: Accuracy is verified by comparing results to a definitive or reference method, or
an established comparative method. Use of matrix-appropriate reference materials, patient
specimens (altered or unaltered), or other commutable materials with known concentrations
or activities may be used to verify accuracy. The use of routine quality control materials or
calibrators used to calibrate the method is not appropriate.
NOTE 3: Precision is verified by repeat measurement of samples at varying concentrations/
activities within run and between run over a period of time.
NOTE 4: The reportable range of an assay is the range of test result values over which the
laboratory has verified accuracy of the instrument or test system measurement response.
NOTE 5: If multiple identical instruments or devices are in use, there must be records (data and
written assessment) showing that the method performance specifications have been separately
verified for each test and instrument or device.
NOTE 6: If a method is verified by someone other than the laboratory's personnel (eg,
manufacturer's representative), the laboratory must have records to show that the verification
correlates with its in-house test performance by showing confirmation of performance
specifications by the laboratory personnel testing known specimens.
NOTE 7: The requirement for a written assessment applies to all tests implemented after June
15, 2009; however, all nonwaived tests must have records of completed analytical verification,
regardless of the implementation date. The written assessment must include an evaluation of
each component of the verification study, including the acceptability of the data. If data include
discordant results, there must be a record of the discordance and investigation of any impact on
the approval of the test for clinical use.
Templates for analytical verification written assessment can be found on cap.org in e-LAB
Solutions Suite - Accreditation Resources - Templates.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of verification and written assessment of each component of the test method
performance specifications for each test
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24) [42CFR493.1253]
2) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Preliminary Evaluation of Quantitative Clinical Laboratory Methods; Approved Guideline.
rd
3 ed. CLSI document EP10-A3-AMD. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2014.
3) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. A Framework for Using CLSI documents to Evaluate Clinical Laboratory Measurement
Procedures. 2
nd
ed. CLSI report EP19-ED2. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2015.
4) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Evaluation of Precision of Quantitative Measurement Procedures; Approved Guideline.
3
rd ed. CLSI document EP05-A3. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2014.
5) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Evaluation of the Commutability of Processed Samples; Approved Guideline. 3
rd ed.
CLSI document EP14-A3. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2014.

COM.40325 Verification of Test Performance Specifications - Tests Approved by an Phase II

Internationally Recognized Regulatory Authority - Laboratories not Subject
to US Regulations
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For laboratories not subject to US regulations, prior to clinical use of each test approved
by an internationally recognized regulatory authority (eg, the European Union's
Conformité Européenne (CE) Marking), the laboratory has performed a verification study
and prepared a written assessment of each of the following test method performance
specifications, as applicable, using a sufficient number of characterized samples:
1. Analytical accuracy
2. Analytical precision
3. Reportable range
4. Any other performance characteristic required to ensure analytical test
performance

NOTE 1: Accuracy is verified by comparing results to a definitive or reference method, or

an established comparative method. Use of matrix-appropriate reference materials, patient
specimens (altered or unaltered), or other commutable materials with known concentrations
or activities may be used to verify accuracy. The use of routine quality control materials or
calibrators used to calibrate the method is not appropriate.
NOTE 2: Precision is verified by repeat measurement of samples at varying concentrations or
activities within run and between run over a period of time.
NOTE 3: The reportable range of an assay is the range of test result values over which the
laboratory has verified accuracy of the instrument or test system measurement response.
NOTE 4: The laboratory must also validate analytic sensitivity (lower detection limit) and analytic
specificity (interferences) if the test manufacturer has not documented these test characteristics.
Data on interferences may be obtained from manufacturers or published literature, as applicable.
The laboratory must validate other relevant analytic characteristics not documented by the test
manufacturer, as appropriate.
NOTE 5: If multiple identical instruments or devices are in use, there must be records (data and
written assessment) showing that the method performance specifications have been separately
verified for each test and instrument or device.
NOTE 6: If a method is verified by someone other than the laboratory's personnel (eg,
manufacturer's representative), the laboratory must have records to show that the verification
correlates with in-house test performance by showing confirmation of performance specifications
by the laboratory personnel testing known specimens.
NOTE 7: The requirement for a written assessment applies to all tests implemented after June
15, 2009; however, all nonwaived tests must have records of completed analytical verification,
regardless of the implementation date. The written assessment must include an evaluation of
each component of the verification study, including the acceptability of the data; If data include
discordant results, there must be a record of the discordance and investigation of any impact on
the approval of the test for clinical use.
Templates for analytical verification written assessment can be found on cap.org in e-LAB
Solutions Suite - Accreditation Resources - Templates.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of the test method performance specifications for each test
REFERENCES
1) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Preliminary Evaluation of Quantitative Clinical Laboratory Methods; Approved Guideline.
3rd ed. CLSI document EP10-A3-AMD. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA; 2014.
2) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. A Framework for Using CLSI Documents to Evaluate Clinical Laboratory Measurement
Procedures. 2nd ed. CLSI report EP19-ED2. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA; 2015.
3) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Evaluation of Precision of Quantitative Measurement Procedures; Approved Guideline.
3rd ed. CLSI document EP05-A3. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA; 2014.
4) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Evaluation of the Commutability of Processed Samples; Approved Guideline. 3rd ed.
CLSI document EP14-A3. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA; 2014.

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
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COM.40350 Validation of Test Performance Specifications - Modified FDA-cleared/ Phase II

approved Tests and LDTs
Prior to clinical use of each modified FDA-cleared or approved test and laboratory-
developed tests (LDTs), the laboratory has performed a validation study and prepared a
written assessment of each of the following test method performance specifications, as
applicable, using a sufficient number of characterized samples:
● Analytical accuracy
● Analytical precision
● Reportable range
● Analytical sensitivity (lower detection limit)
● Analytical specificity
● Any other performance characteristic required to ensure analytical test
performance

NOTE 1: For laboratories not subject to US regulations, this requirement also applies to:
● Tests that are not approved by an internationally recognized regulatory authority
● Approved tests that have been modified by the laboratory
NOTE 2: Accuracy is validated by comparing results to a definitive or reference method, or
an established comparative method. Use of matrix-appropriate reference materials, patient
specimens (altered or unaltered), or other commutable materials with known concentrations
or activities may be used to validate accuracy. The use of routine quality control materials or
calibrators used to calibrate the method is not appropriate.
For laboratory-developed tests, an appropriate number of samples to demonstrate analytical
accuracy is defined as the following:
● For quantitative tests, a minimum of 20 samples with analyte concentrations
distributed across the analytical measurement range should be used.
Proportionate mixtures of samples may be used to supplement the study
population.
● For qualitative tests, a minimum of 20 samples, including positive, negative, and
low-positive samples with concentrations near the lower level of detection should
be used; equivocal samples should not be used.
● For certain methods that test multiple analytes (eg, next-generation sequencing,
HPLC, GC-MS, MALDI-TOF, etc.), analytic accuracy may be established for
each method (not necessarily each analyte), as appropriate.
If the laboratory uses fewer samples, the laboratory director must record the criteria used to
determine the appropriateness of the sample size. In many cases, a validation study with more
samples is desirable.
For LDTs in use prior to July 31, 2016, for which limited validation studies are recorded, ongoing
data supporting acceptable test performance may be used to meet the above minimum sample
requirement, unless the laboratory director has recorded the criteria used to determine the
acceptability of a smaller sample size. Examples of such ongoing data include records of
proficiency testing, alternative performance assessment, quality control, and correlation with
clinical data.
NOTE 3: Precision is validated by repeat measurement of samples at varying concentrations or
activities within-run and between-run over a period of time.
NOTE 4: The reportable range of an assay is the range of test result values over which the
laboratory has established accuracy of the instrument or test system measurement response
NOTE 5: Analytical sensitivity is the lowest concentration or amount of the analyte or substance
that can be measured or distinguished from a blank (lower limit of detection).
NOTE 6: Analytical specificity refers to the ability of a test or procedure to correctly identify
or quantify an entity in the presence of interfering or cross-reactive substances that might be
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expected to be present. Laboratories are encouraged to review the published literature for
guidance on analytical specificity.
NOTE 7: Examples of other performance characteristics required for analytical test performance
include specimen stability, reagent stability, linearity, carryover, and cross-contamination, as
appropriate and applicable.
NOTE 8: If multiple identical instruments or devices are in use, there must be records (data and
written assessment) showing that the method performance specifications have been separately
validated for each test and instrument or device.
NOTE 9: The requirement for a written assessment applies to all tests implemented after June
15, 2009; however, all nonwaived tests must have records of completed analytical validation,
regardless of the implementation date. The written assessment must include an evaluation of
each component of the validation study, including the acceptability of the data. If data include
discordant results, there must be a record of the discordance and investigation of any impact on
the approval of the test for clinical use.
Templates for analytical verification written assessment can be found on cap.org in e-LAB
Solutions Suite - Accreditation Resources - Templates.
NOTE 10: This checklist requirement does not apply to LDTs that employ the following methods:
● Manual microscopy (eg, histopathologic and cytologic interpretation, microscopic
examination of blood or body fluids, Gram stains)
● Conventional microbiologic cultures and disc/broth/tube susceptibility studies
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of validation and written assessment of each component of the test method
performance specifications
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24) [42CFR493.1253]
2) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Statistical Quality Control for Quantitative Measurement Procedures: Principles
and Definitions. 4th ed. CLSI guideline C24. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA, 2016.
3) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. A Framework for Using CLSI documents to Evaluate Clinical Laboratory Measurement
Procedures. 2
nd ed. CLSI report EP19-ED2. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2015.
4) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Evaluation of Detection Capability for Clinical Laboratory Measurement
Procedures; Approved Guideline. 2nd ed. CLSI document EP17-A2. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2012.
5) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Evaluation of Precision of Quantitative Measurement Procedures; Approved Guideline.
3rd ed. CLSI document EP05-A3. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2014.
6) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Evaluation of the Commutability of Processed Samples; Approved Guideline. 3rd ed.
CLSI document EP14-A3. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2014.

COM.40475 Method Validation and Verification Approval - Nonwaived Tests Phase II

Prior to clinical use of each nonwaived test, the laboratory director, or designee meeting
CAP director qualifications, has signed the laboratory's written assessment of the
validation or verification study (accuracy, precision, etc.) to confirm the acceptance of the
study data and written assessment, and to approve each nonwaived test for clinical use.

NOTE: This checklist requirement is applicable only to nonwaived tests implemented after June
15, 2009; however, all nonwaived tests must have records of completed analytical validation or
verification, regardless of their implementation date.
The approval must include: 1) review of the written assessment of the validation or verification
study, including the acceptability of the data and investigation of any discordant results; 2)
signed approval statement, such as, "I have reviewed the verification (or validation) data for
the performance specifications listed below for the (insert instrument/test name), and the
performance of the method is considered acceptable for patient testing."
If a validation or verification study (accuracy, precision, reportable range, etc.) was not performed
or is missing required components, the appropriate, related checklist requirements must also be
cited (eg, COM.40300, COM.40350).
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If multiple identical instruments or devices are in use, there must be records (data and written
assessment) showing that the method performance specifications have been separately
validated/verified for each test and instrument or device.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of approval of validation and verification studies and approval for clinical use
REFERENCES
1) Lawrence Jennings, Vivianna M. Van Deerlin, Margaret L. Gulley (2009) Recommended Principles and Practices for Validating
Clinical Molecular Pathology Tests. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: Vol. 133, No. 5, pp. 743-755
2) Lacbawan FL, Weck KE, Kant JA, Feldman GL, Schrijver; Biological and Molecular Genetic Resource Committee of the College of
American Pathologists. Verification of performance specifications of a molecular test: cystic fibrosis carrier testing using the Luminex
liquid bead array. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2012. Jan; 136(1):14-9.
3) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24) [42CFR493.1253]

COM.40500 Analytical Interferences Phase II

The laboratory understands the analytical interferences for each test, and has an
appropriate plan of action when they are present.

NOTE: Interfering substances may pose a significant problem to the clinical laboratory and
healthcare providers who may be misled by laboratory results that do not reflect patient clinical
status. The laboratory must be aware of common interferences by performing studies or
referencing studies performed elsewhere (such as by the instrument-reagent manufacturer).
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Document listing known interferences for each test and plan of action when they are present
REFERENCES
1) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Interference Testing in Clinical Chemistry. 3rd ed. CLSI guideline EP07. Clinical
and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA; 2018.
2) Ho C-H. The hemostatic effect of packed red cell transfusion in patients with anemia. Transfusion. 1998;38:1011-1014
3) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement amendments
of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24): [42CFR493.1253]

COM.40605 Reference Intervals Phase II

The laboratory verifies or establishes its reference intervals.

NOTE: Reference intervals are important to allow a clinician to assess patient results against an
appropriate population. The reference intervals must be established or verified for each analyte
and specimen source (eg, blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid), when appropriate. For example, a
reference interval can be verified by testing samples from 20 healthy representative individuals;
if no more than two results fall outside the proposed reference interval, that interval can be
considered verified for the population studied.
If a formal reference interval study is not possible or practical, then the laboratory should carefully
evaluate the use of published data for its own reference intervals, and retain records of this
evaluation. For many analytes (eg, therapeutic drugs, cholesterol, and CSF total protein),
literature references or a manufacturer's package insert information may be appropriate.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Record of reference interval study OR records of verification of manufacturer's stated interval
when reference interval study is not practical (eg, unavailable normal population) OR other
methods approved by the laboratory/section director
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 1992(Feb 28):7164 [42CFR493.1253]
2) Van der Meulen EA, et al. Use of small-sample-based reference limits on a group basis. Clin Chem. 1994;40:1698-1702
3) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Defining, Establishing, and Verifying Reference Intervals in the Clinical Laboratory
- Approved Guideline-Third Edition. CLSI Document EP28-A3c. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2010.

COM.40615 Reference Interval Evaluation Phase II

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The laboratory evaluates the appropriateness of its reference intervals and takes
corrective action if necessary.

NOTE: Criteria for evaluation of reference intervals include:

1. Change of analytic methodology
2. Change in patient population
If it is determined that the range is no longer appropriate for the patient population, corrective
action must be taken.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of evaluation and corrective action, if indicated
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 1992(Feb 28):7164 [42CFR493.1253]
2) Van der Meulen EA, et al. Use of small-sample-based reference limits on a group basis. Clin Chem. 1994;40:1698-1702
3) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Defining, Establishing, and Verifying Reference Intervals in the Clinical Laboratory
- Approved Guideline-Third Edition. CLSI Document EP28-A3c. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2010.
4) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24): [42CFR493.1282(b)(1)(iii)]

COM.40620 Body Fluid Analysis Phase II

Methods for body fluid analysis have been validated or verified and metrics for
interpretation have been established.

NOTE: This requirement applies directly to body fluid testing that the laboratory offers as a
routine, orderable test. If the test is routinely performed on the fluid, there must be a written
procedure. The requirement COM.40475 for a method validation or verification approval applies.
Method performance specifications for blood specimens may be used for body fluids if the
laboratory can reasonably exclude the existence of matrix interferences affecting the latter either
by reference in the procedure manual to published literature or by evaluation for interferences
due to matrix effects by performing an appropriate study (eg, a dilution study using admixtures
of samples, spiking samples, further dilution). Alternative performance assessment is required
(COM.01500) and may be performed using clinical assessment by chart review.
The reference intervals must be defined and reported with the results, unless the concentration
of the analyte is reported in comparison to its concentration in a contemporaneously collected
blood specimen. If the result is to be interpreted by comparison to the patient's blood, serum,
or plasma, such results must be accompanied by an appropriate comment such as, "The
reference interval(s) and other method performance specifications are unavailable for this
body fluid. Comparison of this result with the concentration in the blood, serum, or plasma is
recommended." Reference interval citations from the manufacturer's insert or published literature
citations may be used to determine the reference interval (COM.40605). However, reference
intervals have not been published for many body fluid analytes and obtaining normal fluids to
establish reference intervals may not be feasible.
A request for a test on a body fluid specimen that is not listed on the laboratory's test menu that
requires clearance by the section director or designee is considered a clinically unique specimen,
rather than a routine, orderable test. Typically, these specimens are submitted due to an unusual
clinical concern in a specific patient or situation (eg, pathologic states where the analyte is not
normally found in the fluid type) and it may not be possible to establish a comparative metric. In
such cases, the result must be accompanied by a comment such as, "The reference interval(s)
and other method performance specifications have not been established for this body fluid. The
test result must be integrated into the clinical context for interpretation."
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of validation or verification studies with evaluation and approval AND
✓ Records of reference interval study OR records of verification of manufacturer's stated
interval or published literature OR other methods approved by the laboratory/section director
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REFERENCES
1) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Analysis of Body Fluids in Clinical Chemistry. 2nd ed. CLSI guideline C49. Clinical
and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA, 2018
2) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24): [42CFR493.1253]
3) Block DR, Algeciras-Schimnich A. Body fluid analysis; clinical utility and applicability of published studies to guide interpretation of
today's laboratory testing in serous fluids. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2013 July-Oct;50(4-5):107-24. doi: 10.3109/10408363.2013.844679.
4) Owen WE, Thatcher ML, Crabtree KJ, et al. Body fluid matrix evaluation on a Roche cobas 8000 system. Clin Biochem. 2015;
48(13-14):911-4.

**NEW** 09/22/2021
COM.40625 Clinical Claims Validation - FDA-cleared/approved Tests Phase II
For FDA-cleared/approved tests, the laboratory validates clinical claims not included in
the manufacturer's instructions.

NOTE: For laboratories not subject to US regulations, this requirement also applies to tests that
are approved by an internationally recognized regulatory authority.
A clinical claim is a communication from the laboratory to its users (including but not limited
to clinicians and patients) regarding a test's sensitivity and specificity, predictive values for a
disease or condition, clinical usefulness, cost-effectiveness or clinical utility.
To adequately support a clinical claim, the laboratory must perform a clinical validation
study, unless the clinical validity of the test is documented in peer-reviewed literature or
textbooks. The clinical validation study must include at least 20 samples and must include both
positive and negative samples. If the laboratory uses fewer samples, the laboratory director or
designee meeting CAP director qualifications must record the criteria used to determine the
appropriateness of the sample size.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of clinical studies performed by the laboratory OR peer-reviewed literature that
reasonably substantiates all claims made by the laboratory about a test
REFERENCES
1) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. A Framework for Using CLSI documents to Evaluate Clinical Laboratory Measurement
Procedures. 2nd ed. CLSI report EP19-Ed2. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA; 2015.

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.40640 Clinical Performance Characteristics Validation - Laboratory-developed Phase II
Tests
The laboratory validates clinical performance characteristics for laboratory-developed
tests.

NOTE: Clinical performance characteristics include statements about a test's sensitivity and
specificity, and may include determining predictive values for relevant disease(s) or condition(s),
as applicable.
These characteristics must be established by the laboratory unless the clinical validity of the test
is documented in peer-reviewed literature or textbooks. The clinical validation study must include
at least 20 samples and must include both positive and negative samples. If the laboratory
uses fewer samples, the laboratory director must record the criteria used to determine the
appropriateness of the sample size.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records of clinical studies performed by the laboratory OR peer-reviewed literature that
reasonably substantiates all claims made by the laboratory about a test
REFERENCES
1) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. A Framework for Using CLSI documents to Evaluate Clinical Laboratory Measurement
Procedures. 2
nd ed. CLSI report EP19-Ed2. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2015.
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**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.40700 Method Performance Specifications Availability Phase II
For current test methods, the laboratory makes the following available to clients and the
inspection team upon request:
● Summary of the analytical performance specifications for each method, validated
or verified by the laboratory to include analytical accuracy, precision, analytical
sensitivity, analytical specificity (test method interferences), reference interval,
and reportable range, as applicable; and
● Summary of clinical validation or peer-reviewed literature, as applicable, for
laboratory-developed tests and FDA-cleared/approved tests where a laboratory
makes a clinical claim not in the manufacturer's instructions.

NOTE: Information may be provided to clients in a summary format referring to the supporting
data, statistics, and published studies, as appropriate. Clients include healthcare entities, other
laboratories, and licensed independent practitioners. This requirement does not apply to patients
or their authorized representatives.
The laboratory may require clients to treat the data as confidential and not to use such
proprietary information for its own test development or share such data with any other party
except as required by law. The CAP inspection team is instructed to treat all such data as
confidential and to review them solely for accreditation purposes.
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24):7163 [42CFR493.1291(e)]

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.40800 Analytical Methodology Changes Phase II
If the laboratory changes its analytical methodology so that test results or their
interpretations may be significantly different, the change is explained to clients.

NOTE: This requirement can be accomplished in any of several different ways, depending on
local circumstances. Some methods include directed mailings, laboratory newsletters or part of
the test report itself.
Common examples of assays where changes to the method may significantly affect results
include tumor markers and high-sensitivity troponin assays.
Evidence of Compliance:
✓ Records such as directed mailings, laboratory newsletters or comment on the patient report
advising of the change
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24):7163 [42CFR493.1291(e)]
2) National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry. Sturgeon, CM, Diamandis, EP. (Eds.). Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines. Use of
tumor markers in clinical practice: quality requirements. American Association for Clinical Chemistry, 2009.

**REVISED** 09/22/2021
COM.40805 Intermittent or Seasonal Testing Phase II
For tests taken out of production for a period of time (eg, seasonal testing for influenza),
the laboratory meets the following requirements prior to resuming patient testing, as
applicable:
1. PT or alternative assessment performed within 30 days prior to restarting
patient testing
2. Method performance specifications verified, as applicable, within 30 days prior
to restarting patient testing
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3. Competency assessed for analysts within 12 months prior to restarting patient

testing

NOTE: A test is considered to be taken out of production when (1) patient testing is not offered
AND (2) PT or alternative assessment, as applicable, is suspended. It does not apply to
situations where a proficiency testing challenge is not performed due to a temporary, short-term
situation, such as a reagent back order or an instrument breakdown. In those situations, the
laboratory must perform alternative assessment for that testing event.
For tests for which PT is required by CAP, if a PT challenge is not offered during the 30-day
period prior to restarting patient testing, the laboratory may perform an alternative assessment
of the test. The laboratory must participate in the next scheduled PT event, if the Laboratory
Accreditation Program requires external PT for that analyte.

COM.40830 Test List - Modified FDA-cleared/approved Tests and LDTs Phase I

The laboratory maintains a list of laboratory-developed tests (LDTs) and modified FDA-
cleared/approved tests implemented by the laboratory.

NOTE: For laboratories not subject to US regulations, the list must also include tests approved by
an internationally recognized regulatory authority that have been modified by the laboratory.
A form is available on the CAP website that may be used for maintaining this list and can be
downloaded from the CAP website (cap.org) through e-LAB Solutions Suite.

COM.40840 Calibration and Quality Control Procedures - Modified FDA-cleared/ Phase II

approved Tests and LDTs
For laboratory-developed tests and modified FDA-cleared/approved tests, the laboratory
defines written procedures for calibration and quality control based on the studies
performed to evaluate the method performance specifications.

NOTE: The procedures must define the frequency, number, and concentration of calibrators and
controls to be used.
For laboratories not subject to US regulations, this requirement also applies to tests that are not
approved by an internationally recognized regulatory authority and to approved tests that have
been modified by the laboratory.
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory improvement
amendments of 1988; final rule. Fed Register. 2003(Jan 24) [42CFR493.1253(b)(3)]

COM.40850 LDT and Class I ASR Reporting Phase II

Reports for laboratory-developed tests (LDTs), including those performed using class I
analyte-specific reagents (ASRs), contain the following:
● A statement that the assay was developed by the laboratory AND
● A brief description of the method and performance characteristics needed for
clinical use, unless the information is readily available to the clinician in another
format (eg, test catalog, policy to provide upon request).

NOTE: For laboratories subject to US regulations, the following disclaimer statement must be
included on the patient report: "This test was developed and its performance characteristics
determined by <insert laboratory/company name>. It has not been cleared or approved by the
US Food and Drug Administration."
Laboratories not subject to US regulations do not need to use the above disclaimer but must
include a statement that the test was developed by the laboratory.
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The laboratory may put a single disclaimer on the patient report for all studies (eg, immunostains,
in situ hybridization, or flow cytometry) collectively used in a particular case. Separately tracking
each reagent used for a case and selectively applying the disclaimer is unnecessary.
The CAP also recommends (but does not require) including additional information in the patient
report, such as the following:
● The FDA does not require this test to go through premarket FDA review.
● This test is used for clinical purposes. It should not be regarded as investigational or for
research.
● This laboratory is certified under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments
(CLIA) as qualified to perform high complexity clinical laboratory testing.
This requirement does not apply to laboratory-developed tests that are traditional methods, such
as manual microscopy, conventional microbiologic cultures, conventional cytogenetics, and
manual hematology and immunology tests.
The FDA defines ASRs as reagents (eg, antibodies, both polyclonal and monoclonal, specific
receptor proteins, ligands, nucleic acid sequences), which through specific binding or chemical
reaction with substances in a specimen are intended for use in a diagnostic application for
identification and quantification of an individual chemical substance or ligand in biological
specimens.
An ASR is the manufacturer-provided active ingredient in a laboratory-developed test system.
Class I ASRs are not subject to preclearance by the US Food and Drug Administration or to
special controls by the FDA. When manufacturers have assembled ingredients towards the
development of a test, the product is no longer an ASR. The following types of reagents do not
meet the FDA's definition of an ASR: reagents that are sold in kit form with other materials and/or
an instrument, and/or with instructions for use, and/or when labeled by the manufacturer as Class
I for in vitro diagnostic use (IVD), Class II IVD, or Class III IVD.
A class I ASR is the manufacturer-provided active ingredient in a laboratory-developed test
system. Class I devices are those classified by the FDA as posing the lowest patient risk.
Class I ASRs are therefore exempt from FDA clearance/approval. A class I ASR is provided by
the manufacturer as a single reagent and is not combined with other materials, nor does the
manufacturer provide instructions for use.
Reagents subject to FDA clearance or approval are not class I ASRs; therefore, this checklist
requirement does not apply. Examples include:
● Reagents that are sold as kits in combination with other materials and/or an instrument,
or with manufacturer's instructions for use
● Class I, II and III products labeled "for in vitro diagnostic use (IVD)"
REFERENCES
1) CLSI. Establishing Molecular Testing in Clinical Laboratory Environments: CLSI document MM19-A (ISBN 1-56238-773-1). Clinical
and Laboratory Standards Institute, 940 West Valley Road, Suite 1400, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087-1898 USA, 2011
2) Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration. Medical devices; classification/reclassification, restricted
devices, analyte specific reagents. Final rule. Fed Register. 1997(Nov 21);62243 [21CFR809 and 864].
3) Caldwell CW. Analyte-specific reagents in the flow cytometry laboratory. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1998; 122:861-864.
4) American College of Medical Genetics, Standards and Guidelines for Clinical Genetics Laboratories, 2018 edition, Revised January
2018.

INDIVIDUALIZED QUALITY CONTROL PLAN (IQCP)

This section applies to laboratories using an IQCP approved by the laboratory director for nonwaived testing
to reduce external control analysis to a frequency less than the limits defined in the CLIA regulations and CAP
checklists. Laboratories are not required to implement an IQCP; however, one is required if the laboratory
decides to perform QC at a frequency less than specified in the CLIA regulations. A laboratory may not
implement an IQCP that allows for quality control to be performed less frequently than indicated in the
manufacturer's instructions. This section does not apply if the type and frequency of external quality control
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already meets or exceeds minimum quality control requirements defined in the CLIA regulations and CAP
checklist requirements.

If a laboratory is located in a state that does not accept IQCP as an option for reducing the frequency of external
quality control, the laboratory must follow the state regulations and perform external quality control following the
frequency defined in the state regulations and CAP checklists.

Eligibility for use of an IQCP is limited to testing meeting all of the following criteria:

● Nonwaived tests that employ an internal (electronic/procedural/built-in) quality control system

❍ Exception: Microbiology media and reagents used for microbial identification and susceptibility
testing may implement an IQCP as defined in the Microbiology Checklist
● Tests performed in specialties other than Anatomic Pathology and Cytopathology
❍ Exception: If an Anatomic Pathology or Cytopathology test can be assigned to a different CMS
subspecialty, it may qualify.

Testing performed using microbiology media and reagents used for microbial identification and susceptibility
testing is eligible for IQCP as defined in the Microbiology Checklist.

IQCP requirements do not apply to waived testing. A search tool is available on the FDA website to confirm
the complexity of tests performed and can be accessed at http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/
cfCLIA/search.cfm

The CAP has a variety of tools available on cap.org through e-LAB Solutions Suite under Accreditation
Resources, IQCP Toolbox, including frequently asked questions, examples, forms, and links to CMS and CDC
resources.

Note that development of an IQCP only impacts quality control requirements. All other checklist requirements
remain unchanged and applicable. For a listing of specialties/subspecialties and general regulations which
are designated as "eligible" for IQCP refer to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid State Operations Manual
(www.cms.gov) interpretive guidelines for regulation 42CFR493.1256(d), Table 1: Eligibility for IQCP.

Inspector Instructions:
● Policies and procedures for the implementation of an IQCP
● Completed List of Individualized Quality Control Plans form identifying all tests,
instruments and devices, and test sites using an IQCP
● Sampling of IQCP records with emphasis on tests with IQCPs implemented in the
past two years for the following:

❍ Risk assessment, including laboratory data and summary of findings

❍ Manufacturer's product inserts and published data
❍ Signed quality control plan defining all aspects monitored
❍ Ongoing quality assessment monitoring records for QC, instrument/
equipment maintenance and function checks, complaints, errors, and
corrective actions
❍ Reapproval of quality control plan at least biennially

Sampling of IQCP records to include: 1) a mix of manual and automated tests using an IQCP
in the last two years; 2) a mix of tests using an IQCP where there are variations in the testing
environment, personnel, multiple testing devices, etc.; and 3) a mix of tests using an IQCP
that has had recurring problems with proficiency testing, quality control, instrument failure,
errors, or physician complaints.
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● What sources of information did you use to perform the IQCP risk assessment?
● How is the ongoing quality assessment of your IQCP performed?
● How are physician complaints about the validity of test results for tests using an IQCP
handled?
● What is the process to review errors for tests using an IQCP?
● Have there been any adverse patient events related to a test using an IQCP?

● Review an IQCP and confirm that all elements of the quality control plan are being
monitored
● Select a test that has an IQCP and compare the manufacturer's package insert to the
quality control plan to confirm that external QC is performed at least as frequently as
defined in the manufacturer's instructions
● Review an IQCP that is shared by more than one testing location to verify that the risk
assessment included an evaluation of each site or location and that each location is
monitored as defined in the IQCP
● Review the IQCP risk assessment summary, supporting data and approved quality
control plan to confirm that the plan was approved by the laboratory director prior to
implementation
● Review ongoing quality assessment data and error/incident logs to confirm that
effective corrective actions have been taken

COM.50200 List of Individualized Quality Control Plans Phase II

The laboratory has identified all tests using an IQCP on the CAP's List of Individualized
Quality Control Plans form.

NOTE: The form may be downloaded from cap.org through e-LAB Solutions Suite under
Accreditation Resources, IQCP Toolbox.
The use of the CAP form is required, even if standardized forms and templates are used by the
laboratory.
REFERENCES
1) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Brochure #12. CLIA Individualized Quality
Control Plan, Considerations When Deciding to Develop an IQCP. November 2014. http://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/
Legislation/CLIA/Downloads/CLIAbrochure12.pdf

COM.50300 Risk Assessment Phase II

The IQCP for a test/device/instrument includes a risk assessment to evaluate potential
sources of error to include all of the following:
● Pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic phases of the testing process
● Intended medical uses of the test and impact if inaccurate results are reported
(clinical risk)
● Components of the tests including reagents, environment, specimen, testing
personnel, and test system
● Variations in the components based on use of the tests (eg, use in different
environments, by different personnel, or multiple identical devices)
● Data from the laboratory's own environment, instrument/equipment performance,
and testing personnel demonstrating acceptable performance over the maximum
time interval between external quality control runs defined in the IQCP
● Manufacturer's instructions and recommendations
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NOTE: The risk assessment must include a process to identify the sources of potential failures
and errors for a testing process, and evaluate frequency and impact of those failures and sources
of error.
The laboratory director must consider the laboratory's clinical and legal responsibilities for
providing accurate and reliable patient test results. Published data and information may be used
to supplement the risk assessment but are not substitutes for the laboratory's own studies and
evaluation. The laboratory must involve a representative sample of testing personnel in the
process of conducting the risk assessment. It is not necessary for all personnel to be involved.
The risk assessment for laboratories with multiple identical devices must show that an
evaluation was performed if there are differences in testing personnel or environments
where testing is performed, with customization of the quality control plan, as needed.
The QC study to assess the performance and stability of the tests must support the QC
frequency and elements defined in the laboratory's quality control plan. At a minimum, the
study must include laboratory data representing the maximum interval between runs of external
quality control. Consecutive days of data collection are not specifically required if testing is done
sporadically, or is not performed seven days a week. Laboratories may use historical data for
tests already in place, and may supplement the study with data from published literature. For
new tests, devices, and instruments introduced into the laboratory, the laboratory must collect in-
house data and may need to define a more frequent QC interval until sufficient data is available
to support a longer time interval between runs of external QC. For susceptibility testing guidance,
refer to MIC.21910.
For affiliated laboratories (eg, systems) with integrated procedures, each accredited laboratory
must have its own IQCP approved by the laboratory director. There must be records
demonstrating that risks specific to the site were evaluated involving a representative sample of
local testing personnel to conduct the risk assessment and that laboratory-specific QC data were
used in the study to support the defined frequency of quality control. Laboratories may use data
from other sites to supplement risk assessments and to support their findings.
REFERENCES
1) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Laboratory Quality Control Based on Risk Management; Approved Guideline CLSI
document EP23-A. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA; 2011.
2) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Individual Quality Control Plan (IQCP) for Clinical Laboratory Improvement
Amendments (CLIA) laboratory nonwaived testing. http://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/CLIA/Downloads/
IQCP-announcement-letter-for-CLIA-CoC-and-PPM-labs.pdf Accessed January 12, 2016.
3) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Brochure #13. CLIA Individualized Quality
Control Plan, What is an IQCP? November 2014. http://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/CLIA/Downloads/
CLIAbrochure13.pdf
4) Nichols JH. Laboratory quality control based on risk management. Ann Saudi Med 2011; 31:223-228.
5) Yundt-Pacheco J, Parvin CA. Validating the performance of QC procedures. Clin Lab Med 2013; 33:75-88.
6) US Department of Health and Human Services. Developing an IQCP - A Step-by-Step Guide. https://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-
Guidance/Legislation/CLIA/Downloads/IQCP-Workbook.pdf

COM.50400 Quality Control Plan Approval Phase II

The IQCP includes a written quality control plan approved by the laboratory director prior
to implementation.

NOTE: The quality control plan may be part of a test procedure or be a separate written plan.
As an efficiency, a single plan may address multiple tests performed on one device. A separate,
quality control plan approved by the laboratory director must be in place for each laboratory with
a separate CAP and CLIA number.
REFERENCES
1) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Laboratory Quality Control Based on Risk Management; Approved Guideline CLSI
document EP23-A. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA; 2011.
2) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Individual Quality Control Plan (IQCP) for Clinical Laboratory Improvement
Amendments (CLIA) laboratory nonwaived testing. http://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/CLIA/Downloads/
IQCP-announcement-letter-for-CLIA-CoC-and-PPM-labs.pdf Accessed January 12, 2016.
3) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Brochure #13. CLIA Individualized Quality
Control Plan, What is an IQCP? November 2014. http://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/CLIA/Downloads/
CLIAbrochure13.pdf Accessed January 12, 2016.
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COM.50500 Quality Control Plan Elements Phase II

The individualized quality control plan must define all aspects monitored based on the
potential errors identified during the risk assessment, including the following parameters
as applicable:
● The number, type (external and internal quality control systems), and frequency of
quality control
● Criteria for acceptable performance
● Monitoring of the testing environment and reagents
● Specimen quality
● Instrument calibration, maintenance, and function checks
● Training and competency of testing personnel
● Provisions for multiple identical devices and variation for uses covered under one
IQCP

NOTE: The components of the quality control plan must meet regulatory and CAP accreditation
requirements and be in compliance with the manufacturer instructions, at minimum. The quality
control plan must control the quality of the test process and ensure accurate and reliable test
results.
External control material samples must be analyzed with new lots and shipments of reagents or
more frequently if indicated in the manufacturer's instructions.
REFERENCES
1) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Laboratory Quality Control Based on Risk Management; Approved Guideline CLSI
document EP23-A. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA; 2011.
2) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Individual Quality Control Plan (IQCP) for Clinical Laboratory Improvement
Amendments (CLIA) laboratory nonwaived testing. http://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/CLIA/Downloads/
IQCP-announcement-letter-for-CLIA-CoC-and-PPM-labs.pdf Accessed January 12, 2016.
3) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Brochure #13. CLIA Individualized Quality
Control Plan, What is an IQCP? November 2014. http://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/CLIA/Downloads/
CLIAbrochure13.pdf Accessed January 12, 2016.
4) US Department of Health and Human Services. Developing an IQCP - A Step-by-Step Guide. https://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-
Guidance/Legislation/CLIA/Downloads/IQCP-Workbook.pdf

COM.50600 Ongoing Quality Assessment Monitoring Phase II

Ongoing quality assessment monitoring is performed by the laboratory to ensure that the
quality control plan is effective in mitigating the identified risks for the IQCP and includes
records of the following:
● Review of quality control and instrument/equipment maintenance and function
check data at least monthly
● Evaluation of errors relating to preanalytic, analytic and post analytic phases of
the testing process
● Review of complaints from clinicians and other healthcare providers regarding the
quality of testing to confirm the clinical efficacy of testing
● Evaluation of corrective actions taken when problems are identified
● Re-evaluation of the quality control plan if changes to the reagents, environment,
specimen, testing personnel, or test system elements of the risk assessment
occur
● Reapproval of the quality control plan by the laboratory director or designee at
least biennially.

NOTE: If ongoing assessments identify failures in one or more components of the quality control
plan, the laboratory must investigate the cause and consider if modifications are needed to the
quality control plan to mitigate potential risk. Common examples of failures include unacceptable
proficiency testing results, recurrent out-of-range reagent storage or room temperatures,
unacceptable quality control results, use of unvalidated specimen types, and the IQCP not being
followed as written.
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An example form is available on cap.org through e-LAB Solutions Suite under Accreditation
Resources, IQCP Toolbox that may be used for recording ongoing assessments of the IQCP.
REFERENCES
1) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Laboratory Quality Control Based on Risk Management; Approved Guideline CLSI
document EP23-A. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA; 2011.
2) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Individual Quality Control Plan (IQCP) for Clinical Laboratory Improvement
Amendments (CLIA) laboratory nonwaived testing. http://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/CLIA/Downloads/
IQCP-announcement-letter-for-CLIA-CoC-and-PPM-labs.pdf Accessed January 12, 2016.
3) Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Brochure #13. CLIA Individualized Quality
Control Plan, What is an IQCP? November 2014. http://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/CLIA/Downloads/
CLIAbrochure13.pdf Accessed January 12, 2016.
4) US Department of Health and Human Services. Developing an IQCP - A Step-by-Step Guide. https://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-
Guidance/Legislation/CLIA/Downloads/IQCP-Workbook.pdf