What Is an Organizational Chart?

An organizational chart is a diagram that visually conveys a

company's internal structure by detailing the roles, responsibilities, and relationships between
individuals within an entity. It is one way to visualize a bureaucracy.

Organizational charts are alternatively referred to as "org charts" or "organization charts." KEY
TAKEAWAYS An organizational chart graphically represents an organization's structure,
highlighting the different jobs, departments, and responsibilities that connect the company's
employees to each other and to the management team. Organizational charts can be broad-based,
depicting the overall company, or can be department- or unit-specific, focusing on one spoke on the
wheel. Most org charts are structured by using the "hierarchical" model, which shows management
or other high-ranking officials on top, and lower-level employees beneath them. Other types of charts
include the flat org chart, the matrix chart, and the divisional org chart. Understanding Organizational
Charts Organizational charts either broadly depict an enterprise organization-wide, or drill down to a
specific department or unit. Organizational charts graphically display an employee's hierarchical
status relative to other individuals within the company. For example, an assistant director will
invariably fall directly below a director on the chart, indicating that the former reports to the latter.
Organizational charts use simple symbols such as lines, squares, and circles to connect different job
titles that relate to each other. Regardless of an organization's structure, org charts are extraordinarily
useful when an entity is contemplating restructuring its workforce or changing its management
complex. Most importantly, org charts let employees transparently see how their roles fit into the
overall company structure. Hierarchical Organizational Chart This most common model situates the
highest-ranking individuals atop the chart and positions lower-ranking individuals below them.
Organizational hierarchies generally depend on the industry, geographical location, and company
size. For example, a public company typically shows shareholders in the highest box, followed by the
following in descending vertical order: Chair of the board of directors Vice-chair of the board Board
members Chief executive officer (CEO) Other C-suite executives (joined to one another by
horizontal lines) Other job titles that may follow c-suite execs include: President Senior vice
president Vice president Assistant vice president Senior director Assistant director Manager Assistant
manager Full-time employees Part-time employees Contractors Many formal organizations are
organized hierarchically and can be shown in chart form. These include corporations but also
nonprofits, governments, schools & universities, and the military (as the chart below illustrates).
Army Org Chart From Army to Squad. .mil There is no single correct way to fashion an organization
chart, as long as it identifies the officials, employees, departments, and functions of the firm, and
how they interact with each other. Other Types of Organization Charts Flat — also known as a
"horizontal" chart, the flat org chart positions individuals on the same level, indicating more power
equality and autonomous decision-making ability than is typical with employees in hierarchical
corporations. Matrix — This more complicated organizational structure groups individuals by their
common skill-sets, the departments in which they work, and the people they may report to. Matrix
charts often interconnect employees and teams with more than one manager, such as a software
developer who is working on two projects—one with their regular team manager, and another with a
separate product manager. In this scenario, the matrix chart would connect the software developer to
each manager they are working with, with vertical lines. Divisional — This chart subdivides the
company based on some specific criteria. It could be by product lines offered or geographic regions.
An example would be an auto manufacturer organizing its company by product type. The respective
divisions would have a certain autonomy but this would likely incur additional overhead cost. What
Should an Organizational Chart Show? An organizational chart should visually show what the
hierarchical status of a particular employee relative to other individuals within the company. For
example, an assistant director will invariably fall directly below a director on the chart, indicating
that the former reports to the latter. Why Is an Organizational Chart Important? Org charts depict an
organization's hierarchy, which can clearly ident

Project Management The 5 Phases of Construction Project Management Processes By Diego

Rodriguez -Last Modified On: October 14, 20226526 Project Management in Construction When
millions are at stake in a construction project, preventing costly mistakes becomes a priority. Bound
by strict time parameters and financial limits, you must account for every detail and contingency.
Construction project management assists you in doing just this, whether you’re erecting oil and gas
refineries, building power plants, or working on cutting-edge infrastructure. In addition, construction
project management helps you maintain the entire construction process efficiently and on track, from
planning and design to resource management, budget allocation, and more. Construction project
management necessitates understanding current management and the design and construction
process. Furthermore, building projects have certain goals and limits, such as a deadline for
completion. While the essential technology, institutional arrangements, or methods may differ, the
administration of such initiatives shares many similarities with the management of similar projects in
other specialist or technological fields such as aerospace, pharmaceuticals, and energy development.
Project Management Fundamentals course mainly targets professionals and organizations looking to
gain a fundamental understanding of best practices of project management used globally. This blog
will give a brief idea about Construction Project Management. But, before moving forward, first will
know what Construction Project Management is? What is Construction Project Management?
According to the Project Management Institute (PMI), project management is “the art of directing
and coordinating human and material resources throughout the life of a project by using modern
management techniques to accomplish predetermined objectives of scope, cost, time, quality, and
participating objectives.” Construction project management blends the skills and expertise of a
traditional project manager with the construction industry’s ever-changing, fast-paced nature. As a
result, construction project managers must possess a diversified set of skills and expertise to
successfully manage diverse teams, multiple stakeholders, massive amounts of documentation, and
strict schedules. Construction project management handles planning, coordinating, and executing a
construction project in the agricultural, residential, commercial, institutional, industrial, civil, or
environmental industries. Construction projects generally have hundreds of jobs and phases,
necessitating a thorough understanding of the construction process and problem-solving skills to
keep the project on track. The function of a construction project manager is to keep the project on
track due to the complicated and often altering nature of building projects. The goal is to complete
the project on schedule and budget while still producing a finished product that complies with all
applicable codes, plans, and specifications. The construction project manager’s responsibilities
include planning and cost, quality, and safety management. As we have gone through the overview
of construction project management, let us discuss its basics. How to Succeed at the Project When a
project owner is ready to start, the owner will share project information with a large group of
contractors, general contractors, or subcontractors to request bids. The process begins with a cost
estimate from blueprints and material take-offs. Then, tell the owner how much money they should
pay for the contractor to complete the project. There are two types of bids that a contractor can
expect: Open Bid: For public projects, open bids are frequently advertised. Any contractor can
submit an offer in an open bid Closed Bid: A private project’s procedure begins with a sealed bid, in
which the owner asks a small number of contractors to submit proposals. The bids will come in
whether the owner chooses an open or closed bid procedure for the project, and the selection of a
contractor can begin based on several criteria: Low-Bid Selection: The bottom line — aka the price
— is the most important factor for the project owner. The contractor who submits the lowest bid for
the project is the winner. Qualifications-Based Selection: The project owner requests that contractors
submit a request for qualifications (RFQ) with their proposal, which describes the contractor’s
experience, management strategies, organizational flow, and success in keeping on budget and on
schedule. After that, the project owner selects the contractor with the finest credentials. Best-Value
Selection: In this method, the project owner considers the bid price and the contractor’s qualifications
to discover the best combination of cost and skillset Payment Agreement After an owner chooses a
contractor, the next and final step is to negotiate a payment agreement. Both
Project management is broader The main difference between project managers and construction
managers is the scope. Project managers typically are higher up the food chain in an organization and
have broader responsibilities. For example, a construction manager may only oversee the
construction of the building itself, whereas a project manager will run all aspects of the project, from
selecting the site to land procurement to, well, hiring the construction manager. A project manager’s
job is to give the construction manager and everyone else on the project the tools and support they
need to get the work done. Common project manager activities include: Site analysis Land
procurement Marketing and public relations Budget management Timeline and deadline management
Staffing (including the construction manager)
Construction managers are more involved in the details Project managers typically don’t deal with
construction workers, equipment, and materials, except to sign off on them. It’s the construction
manager’s job to determine what their needs are in those areas, develop a proposal, and submit it to
the project manager for approval. The project manager will weigh the costs against the budget and
may ask the construction manager for justification of the expenses, but ultimately they rely on the
construction manager to figure those things out. Common construction manager activities include:
Managing subcontractors Managing workers Supervising day-to-day construction operations
Ensuring compliance with building codes and regulations Ordering materials Maintaining equipment
Planning work schedules Preparing estimates
This project management process generally includes four phases: initiating, planning, executing, and
closing. Some may also include a fifth “monitoring and controlling” phase between the executing and
closing stages. By following each step, a project team increases the chance of achieving its goals.
1. Initiation Phase of Construction Project We have to create and evaluate the project in order to
determine if it is feasible and if it should be undertaken, at the beginning of the project. Here the
project objective or need is identified; this can be a business problem or opportunity. A suitable
response to the need is documented in a business case with recommended solution options. A
feasibility study is conducted to examine whether each option clearly identifies the project objective
and a final recommended solution is determined.
Many questions related to the issues of feasibility i.e. “can we do the project?” and justification like
“should we do the project?” are mentioned and faced. When a solution is approved, a project is
initiated to implement the approved solution. For this, a project manager is appointed. At this stage,
the major deliverables and the participating work groups are identified. This is the time when the
project team begins to take shape. Approval is then required by the project manager to move onto the
detailed planning phase.
2. Planning Phase of Construction Project The planning phase involves further development of the
project in detail to meet the project’s objective. The team identifies all of the work to be done. The
project’s tasks and resource requirements are identified, along with the strategy for producing them.
In a broader sense identification of each activity as well as their resource allocation is also carried
out. A project plan outlining the activities, tasks, dependencies, and timeframes is created. The
project manager is the one who coordinates the preparation of a project budget by providing cost
estimates for the labor, equipment, and materials costs. This is mainly carried out by project
scheduling software like MS project or PRIMAVERA. This scheduling charts would help us to track
the stages of our project as time passes. This is also referred to as “scope management.” The budget
of the project already estimated is used to monitor and control cost expenditures during project
implementation. Finally, we require a document to show the quality plan, providing quality targets,
assurance, and control measures, along with an acceptance plan, listing the criteria to be met to gain
customer acceptance. At this point, the project would have been planned in detail and is ready to be
executed. 3. Execution Phase of Construction Project This is the implementation phase, where the
project plan is put into motion and the work of the project is performed practically on site. It is
essential to maintain control and communicate as needed during each implementation stages.
Project managers and construction managers are often the same person Not every construction firm is
a behemoth with thousands of employees. Sometimes, a firm is just a handful of people—or even just
a couple. In that case, one person handles the responsibilities of both the project manager and
construction manager. This can be challenging, and when the firm grows, it may need to split these
two functions up in order to avoid overwhelming the individual and risking problems as details are
missed with bigger construction projects.
3. Execution Phase of Construction Project This is the implementation phase, where the project plan
is put into motion and the work of the project is performed practically on site. It is essential to
maintain control and communicate as needed during each implementation stages.
Progress should be continuously monitored and appropriate adjustments are made and recorded as
variances from the original plan. A project manager is the one who spends most of the time in this
step. Throughout the project implementation, people carry out the tasks, and progress information is
being reported through regular project team meetings. The project manager uses this information to
preserve control over the direction of the project by comparing the progress reports with the project
plan to measure the performance of the project activities. If any deviation is found from the already
defined plan corrective measures are made. The first option of action should always be to bring the
project back to the original plan. If that cannot happen, the team should record variations from the
original plan and record and publish modifications to the plan. all through this step, project sponsors,
and other key stakeholders are kept informed about the project’s status as per the agreed rate and
format of communication. The plan should be updated and available on a regular basis. Status reports
should always highlight the probable end point in terms of cost, schedule, and quality of deliverables.
Each project deliverable produced should be reviewed for quality and measured against the
acceptance criteria

When deliverables have been produced and the customer has agreed on the final solution, the project
is said to be ready for closure. 4. Performance and Monitoring Phase of Construction Project This
stage is all related to the measurement of progress and performance to make sure that items are
tracking with the project management scheduling. This phase regularly happens at the same time as
the execution phase. 5. Closure Phase of Construction Project During the final closure, the
importance is on providing the final deliverables to the customer, that is: Handing over project
documentation to the business Termination of supplier contracts Releasing project resources
Communicate the closure of the project to all stakeholders. Last and final is to conduct lessons-
learned studies to examine what went well and what didn’t. This type of analysis would make the
knowledge of experience to be transferred back to the project organization, which will help future
project teams

done, the building process will be completed and you will be left with a beautiful building. At MH
Williams Construction Group, we can assist you with all aspects of construction. We provide
administrative, design, project management, project supervision and technical expertise for a variety
of construction projects. Our team, which consists of engineers, construction managers and
contractors, can help you with every step of your building project