1.

Network and synthesis

1. The driving point function is the ratio of polynomials in s. Polynomials is obtained from the
__________ of the elements and their combinations.
a) Transform voltage
b) transform current
c) transform impedance
d) transform admittance

Answer: c
Explanation: The driving point function is the ratio of polynomials in s. Polynomials are
obtained from the transform impedance of the elements and their combinations and if the
zeros and poles are not repeated then the poles or zeros are said to be distinct or simple.

2. The pole is that finite value of S for which N (S) becomes __________
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) ∞

Answer: d
Explanation: The quantities P1, P2 … Pm are called poles of N (S) if N (S) = ∞ at those points.
The pole is that finite value of S for which N (S) becomes infinity.

3. A function N (S) is said to have a pole (or zero) at infinity if the function N (1/S) has a pole
(or zero) at S = ?
a) ∞
b) 2
c) 0
d) 1

Answer: c
Explanation: A function N (S) is said to have a pole (or zero) at infinity, if the function N
(1/S) has a pole (or zero) at S = infinity. A zero or pole is said to be of multiplicity ‘r’ if (S-
Z)r or (S-P)r is a factor of P(s) or Q(s).
advertisement
4. The number of zeros including zeros at infinity is __________ the number of poles
including poles at infinity.
a) greater than
b) equal to
c) less than
d) greater than or equal to

5. The poles of driving point impedance are those frequencies corresponding to

___________ conditions.
a) Short circuit
b) voltage source
c) open circuit
d) current source

Answer: c
Explanation: A zero of N(s) is a zero of V(s), it signifies a short circuit. Similarly, a pole of
Z(s) is a zero of I(s). The poles of driving point impedance are those frequencies
corresponding to open circuit conditions.

6. The zeros of driving point impedance are those frequencies corresponding to

___________ conditions.
a) Current source
b) open circuit
c) voltage source
d) short circuit

Answer: d
Explanation: The zeros of driving point impedance are those frequencies corresponding to
short circuit conditions as a pole of Z(s) is a zero of I(s) and zero of N(s) is a zero of V(s), it
signifies a short circuit.

7. In the driving point admittance function, a zero of Y (s) means a _______ of I (S).
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) zero

Answer: d
Explanation: In the driving point admittance function, a zero of Y (s) means a zero of I (S)
i.e., the open circuit condition as the driving point admittance function is the ratio of I(s) to
V(s).

8. In the driving point admittance function, a pole of Y (s) means a _______ of V (S).
a) Zero
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3

Answer: a
Explanation: The driving point admittance function Y(s) = I(s)/V(s). In the driving point
admittance function, a pole of Y (s) means a zero of V (S) i.e., the short circuit condition.

9. The real part of all zeros and poles must be?

a) Positive or zero
b) negative or zero
c) positive
d) negative

Answer: b
Explanation: The real part of all zeros and poles must be negative or zero. But the poles or
zeros should not be positive because if they are positive, then they will lie in the right-half of
the s-plane.

10. Poles or zeros lying on the jω axis must be?

a) Complex
b) at least one complex pole
c) at least one complex zero
d) simple

Answer: d
Explanation: Poles or zeros lying on the jω axis must be simple because on jω axis the
imaginary part of poles or zeros will be zero.

ntact1. The ratio of voltage transform at first port to the voltage transform at the second port
is called?
a) Voltage transfer ratio
b) Current transfer ratio
c) Transfer impedance
d) Transfer admittance

Answer: a
Explanation: Voltage transfer ratio is the ratio of voltage transform at first port to the voltage
transform at the second port and is denoted by G(s). G21 = V2(s)/V1(s) G12 = V1(s)/V2(s).

2. The ratio of the current transform at one port to current transform at other port is called?
a) Transfer admittance
b) Transfer impedance
c) Current transfer ratio
d) Voltage transfer ratio

Answer: c
Explanation: Current transfer ratio is the ratio of the current transform at one port to current
transform at other port and is denoted by α(s). α12(s) = I1(s)/I2(s) α21(s) = I2(s)/I1(s).

3. The ratio of voltage transform at the first port to the current transform at the second port
is called?
a) Voltage transfer ratio
b) Transfer admittance
c) Current transfer ratio
d) Transfer impedance

Answer: d
Explanation: Transfer impedance is the ratio of voltage transform at first port to the current
transform at the second port and is denoted by Z(s). Z21(s) = V2(s)/I1(s) Z12(s) = V1(s)/I2(s).
4. For the network shown in the figure, find the driving point impedance.

a) (s2-2s+1)/s
b) (s2+2s+1)/s
c) (s2-2s-1)/s
d) (s2+2s-1)/s

Answer: b
Explanation: Applying Kirchoff’s law at port 1, Z(S)=V(S)/I(S), where V(s) is applied at port 1
and I(s) is current flowing through the network. Then Z(S)=V(S)/I(S) = 2+S+1/S =
(s2+2s+1)/s.

5. Obtain the transfer function G21 (S) in the circuit shown below.

a) (s+1)/s
b) s+1
c) s
d) s/(s+1)

Answer: d
Explanation: Applying Kirchhoff’s law V1 (S) = 2 I1 (S) + 2 sI1 (S) V2 (S) = I1 (S) X 2s Hence
G21 (S) = V2(s)/V1(s) = 2 s/(2+2 s)=s/(s+1).

6. Determine the transfer function Z21 (S) in the circuit shown below.

a) s
b) 2 s
c) 3 s
d) 4 s
Answer: b
Explanation: The transfer function Z21 (S) is Z21 (S) = V2(S)/I1(S). V2 (S) = I1 (S) X 2s.
V2(S)/I1(S)=2s. On substituting Z21 (S) = 2s.

7. Find the driving point impedance Z11 (S) in the circuit shown below.

a) 2(s+2)
b) (s+2)
c) 2(s+1)
d) (s+1)

Answer: c
Explanation: The driving point impedance Z11 (S) is Z11 (S)=V1(S)/I1(S). V1 (S) = 2 I1 (S) + 2
sI1 (S) => V1(S) = (2+2s)I1(S) => V1(S)/I1(S) = 2(s+1). On substituting Z11 (S) = 2(S+1).

8. Obtain the transfer function G21 (s) in the circuit shown below.

a) (8 S+2)/(8 S+1)
b) (8 S+2)/(8 S+2)
c) (8 S+2)/(8 S+3)
d) (8 S+2)/(8 S+4)

Answer: d
Explanation: From the circuit, the parallel combination of resistance and capacitance can be
combined into equivalent in impedance. Zeq(S) = 1/(2 S+1/2)=2/(4 S+1). Applying Kirchhoff’s
laws, we have V2 (S) = 2 I1(S) => V1 (S) = I1 (S)[2/(4 S+1)+2] = I1 (S)[(8 S+4)/(4 S+1)] The
transfer function G21 (s) = V2(s)/V1(s) = 2 I1(S)/((8 S+4)/(4 S+1))I1(S) = (8 S+2)/(8 S+4).
9. Obtain the transfer function Z21(s) in the circuit shown below.

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer: b
Explanation: The transfer function Z21(s) is Z21 (S) = V2(S)/I1(S). V2 (S) = 2 I1(S) => V2 (S)/I1 =
2. On substituting Z21(s) = 2.

10. Determine the driving point impedance Z11(S) in the circuit shown below.

a) (8 S+4)/(4 S+4)
b) (8 S+4)/(4 S+3)
c) (8 S+4)/(4 S+2)
d) (8 S+4)/(4 S+1)

Answer: d
Explanation: The driving point impedance Z11(S) is Z11(S) = V1(s)/I1(s). V1(s) = I1(s)((2/(4s+1))
+2) = I1(s)((8s+4)/(4s+1)) => V1(s)/I1(s) = ((8s+4)/(4s+1)). On substituting we get Z11(S) =
(8S+4)/(4S+1).
This set of Avionics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Filters”.

1. What is a filter?
a) Frequency selective circuit
b) Amplitude selective circuit
c) Frequency damping circuit
d) Amplitude damping circuit

Answer: a
Explanation: A filter is a frequency-selective circuit. Filters are designed to pass some
frequencies and reject others. Filters are used to reduce noise and increase selectivity.

2. What are filters created by using resistors and capacitors or inductors and capacitors
called?
a) Active filters
b) Passive filters
c) Continuous filters
d) Differential filters
]
Answer: b
Explanation: Simple filters created by using resistors and capacitors or inductors and
capacitors are called passive filters because they use passive components that do not
amplify. In communication work, many filters are of the passive LC variety, although many
other types are used.

3. What type of filter produces a predictable phase shift characteristic in all frequencies?
a) Band pass filters
b) High pass filters
c) Low pass filters
d) All pass filters

Answer: d
Explanation: An all pass filter passes all frequencies equally well over its design range but
has a fixed or predictable phase shift characteristic. Filters normally attenuate the signal
applied for some values of frequency whereas an all pass filter retains the signal level at all
frequencies.

4. An RC coupling circuit is an example of what type of filter?

a) Low pass filter
b) High pass filter
c) Band pass filter
d) All pass filter
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: An RC coupling circuit is an example of a high-pass filter because the AC
component of the input voltage is developed across R and the DC voltage is blocked by the
series capacitor. Furthermore, with higher frequencies in the AC component, more AC
voltage is coupled.
5. What is the type of filter shown in the figure?

a) Low pass filter

b) High pass filter
c) Band pass filter
d) All pass filter

Answer: a
Explanation: The simplest form of low-pass filter is the RC circuit shown in the figure. The
circuit forms a simple voltage divider with one frequency-sensitive component, in this case,
the capacitor. At very low frequencies, the capacitor has very high reactance compared to
the resistance and therefore the attenuation is minimum. Thus allowing lower frequencies to
pass through while attenuating higher frequency signals.

6. Find the cut off frequency for an RC low pass filter of R=8.2Ω and C=0.0033μF?
a) 6KHz
b) 5.88KHz
c) 4.26KHz
d) 7.91KHz

Answer: b

Explanation:

7. What is the type of filter shown in the figure?

a) Low pass filter

b) High pass filter
c) Band pass filter
d) All pass filter

Answer: a
Explanation: A low-pass filter can also be implemented with an inductor and a resistor. At
very low frequencies, the inductor has very low reactance compared to the resistance and
therefore the attenuation is minimum. Thus allowing lower frequencies to pass through
while attenuating higher frequency signals. The cutoff frequency is determined by using the
formula fco = R/2πL.

8. What is the value of resistor for a high pass RC filter to produce a cutoff frequency
of3.4KHz if C = 0.047μF?
a) 654Ω
b) 1000Ω
c) 996Ω
d) 752Ω

Answer: c

Explanation:

9. Notch filters and band reject filters are the same.

a) True
b) False

10. What is the value of notch frequency if the values of resistance and capacitance are 100
kV and 0.02 μF?
a) 79.6Hz
b) 21.5Hz
c) 82.4Hz
d) 40Hz

Answer: a

Explanation:

11. What is the loss the filter introduces to the signals in the passband called?
a) pass band loss
b) Insertion loss
c) Attenuation
d) Degradation

Answer: b
Explanation: Insertion loss is the loss the filter introduces to the signals in the passband.
Passive filters introduce attenuation because of the resistive losses in the components.
Insertion loss is typically given in decibels.

12. The attenuation rate is also called?

a) Roll off
b) Roll in
c) Envelope delay
d) Ripple
Answer: a
Explanation: Roll off is also called the attenuation rate, roll-off is the rate of change of
amplitude with frequency in a filter. The faster the roll-off, or the higher the attenuation rate,
the more selective the filter is, i.e., the better able it is to differentiate between two closely
spaced signals, one desired and the other not.

”.

1. How is the higher order filters formed?

a) By increasing resistors and capacitors in low pass filter
b) By decreasing resistors and capacitors in low pass filter
c) By inter changing resistors and capacitors in low pass filter
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: High pass filter are often formed by interchanging frequency determining
resistors and capacitors in low pass filters. For example, a first order high pass filter is
formed from a first order low pass filter by inter changing components Rand C.

2. In a first order high pass filter, frequencies higher than low cut-off frequencies are called
a) Stop band frequency
b) Pass band frequency
c) Centre band frequency
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: Low cut-off frequency, fL is 0.707 times the pass band gain voltage. Therefore,
frequencies above fL are pass band frequencies.

3. Compute the voltage gain for the following circuit with input frequency 1.5kHz.

a) 4dB
b) 15dB
c) 6dB
d) 12dB

Answer: d
Explanation: |VO/Vin|= [AF×(f/fL)]/ [√1+(f/fL)2] = [4×(1.5kHz/225.86)] / √[1+(1.5kHz/225.86)2]
=26.56/6.716=3.955 =20log(3.955)=11.9.
|VO/Vin|≅12 dB
AF= 1+(RF /R1)= 1+(12kΩ/4kΩ) =4.
fL= 1/(2πRC) = 1/2π×15kΩ×0.047µF= 1/4.427×10-3 =225.86Hz.

4. Determine the expression for output voltage of first order high pass filter?
a) VO = [1+(RF /R1)]× [(j2πfRC/(1+j2πfRC)] × Vin
b) VO = [-(RF /R1)]× [(j2πfRC/(1+j2πfRC)] × Vin
c) VO = {[1+(RF /R1)]× /[1+j2πfRC] }× Vin
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: The first order high pass filter uses non-inverting amplifier. So, AF= 1+(RF /R1)
and the output voltage, VO = [1+(RF /R1)]× [(j2πfRC/(1+j2πfRC)]× Vin.

5. The internal resistor of the second order high pass filter is equal to 10kΩ. Find the value
of feedback resistor?
a) 6.9kΩ
b) 5.86kΩ
c) 10kΩ
d) 12.56kΩ

Answer: b
Explanation: Pass band gain for second order butterworth response, AF =1.586.
=> AF= [1+(RF/R1)] => RF= (AF-1)×R1 =(1.586-1)×10kΩ =5860 =5.86kΩ.

6. Consider the following circuit and calculate the low cut-off frequency value?

a) 178.7Hz
b) 89.3Hz
c) 127.65Hz
d) 255.38Hz

7. Determine voltage gain of second order high pass Butterworth filter.

Specifications R3 =R2=33Ω, f=250hz and fL=1khz.
a) -11.78dB
b) -26.51dB
c) -44.19dB
d) None of the mentioned

8. From the given specifications, determine the value of voltage gain magnitude of first
order and second order high pass butterworth filter?
Pass band voltage gain=2;
Low cut-off frequency= 1kHz;
Input frequency=500Hz.
a) First order high pass filter =-4.22dB , Second order high pass filter=-0.011dB
b) First order high pass filter =-0.9688dB , Second order high pass filter=-6.28dB
c) First order high pass filter =-11.3194dB , Second order high pass filter=-9.3257dB
d) First order high pass filter =-7.511dB , Second order high pass filter=-5.8999dB

Answer: b
Explanation: For first order high pass filter,
|VO/Vin|=AF ×(f/fL) / [ √1+(f/fL)2] =(2×(500Hz/1kHz)) /√[1+(500Hz/1kHz)2] => |VO/Vin| = 1/1.118=
0.8944 =20log(0.8944) =-0.9686dB.
For second order high pass filter,
|VO/Vin|=AF / [ √ 1 +(fL/f)4] =2/√[1+ (1kHz/500Hz)2] =>|VO/Vin|=2/4.123= =0.4851 =
20log(0.4851) = -6.28dB.

9. How is the higher order filters formed?

a) Using first order filter
b) Using second order filter
c) Connecting first and second order filter in series
d) Connecting first and second order filter in parallel

Answer: c
Explanation: Higher filters are formed by using the first and second order filters. For
example, a third order low pass filter is formed by cascading first and second order low pass
filter.

10. State the disadvantage of using higher order filters?

a) Complexity
b) requires more space
c) Expensive
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: Although higher order filter than necessary gives a better stop band response,
the higher order type is more complex, occupies more space and is more expensive.
11. The overall gain of higher order filter is
a) varying
b) fixed
c) Random
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: The overall gain of higher order filter is fixed because all the frequency
determining resistor and capacitors are equal.

12. Find the roll-off rate for 8th order filter

a) -160dB/decade
b) -320dB/decade
c) -480dB/decade
d) -200dB/decade

Answer: a
Explanation: For nth order filter the roll-off rate will be -n×20dB/decade.
=>∴ for 8th order filter= 8×20=160dB/decade.

1. The transfer function of a system having the input as X(s) and output as Y(s) is?
a) Y(s)/X(s)
b) Y(s) * X(s)
c) Y(s) + X(s)
d) Y(s) – X(s)

Answer: a
Explanation: The transfer function is defined as the s-domain ratio of the laplace transfrom
of the output to the laplace transfrom of the input. The transfer function of a system having
the input as X(s) and output as Y(s) is H(s) = Y(s)/X(s).

2. In the circuit shown below, if current is defined as the response signal of the circuit, then
determine the transfer function.

a) H(s)=C/(S2 LC+RCS+1)
b) H(s)=SC/(S2 LC-RCS+1)
c) H(s)=SC/(S2 LC+RCS+1)
d) H(s)=SC/(S2 LC+RCS-1)

Answer: c
Explanation: If the current is defined as the response signal of the circuit, then the transfer
function H (s) = I/V = 1/(R+sL+1/sC) = sC/(s2Lc+RCs+1) where I corresponds to the output
Y(s) and V corresponds to the input X(s).
3. In the circuit shown below, if voltage across the capacitor is defined as the output signal
of the circuit, then the transfer function is?

a) H(s)=1/(S2 LC-RCS+1)
b) H(s)=1/(S2 LC+RCS+1)
c) H(s)=1/(S2 LC+RCS-1)
d) H(s)=1/(S2 LC-RCS-1)

Answer: b
Explanation: If the voltage across the capacitor is defined as the output signal of the circuit,
the transfer function is H(s) = Vo/V = (1/sC)/(R+sL+1/sC)=1/(S2LC+RCS+1).

4. Let us assume x (t) = A cos(ωt + φ), then the Laplace transform of x (t) is?
a) X(S)=A(Scos Ø-ω sinØ)/(S2-ω2)
b) X(S)=A(Scos Ø+ω sinØ)/(S2+ω2)
c) X(S)=A(Scos Ø+ω sinØ)/(S2-ω2)
d) X(S)=A(Scos Ø-ω sinØ)/(S2+ω2)

Answer: d
Explanation: We use the transfer function to relate the study state response to the excitation
source. And we had assumed that x (t) = A cos(ωt + φ). On expanding and taking the
laplace transform we get X(s) = AcosØs/(s2+ω2)-AsinØs/(s2+ω2) = A(Scos Ø-ω
sinØ)/(S2+ω2).

5. Let us assume x (t) = A cos(ωt + φ), what is the s-domain expression?

a) Y(s)=H(s) A(Scos Ø-ω sinØ)/(S2-ω2)
b) Y(s)=H(s) A(Scos Ø+ω sinØ)/(S2+ω2)
c) Y(s)=H(s) A(Scos Ø-ω sinØ)/(S2+ω2)
d) Y(s)=H(s) A(Scos Ø+ω sinØ)/(S2-ω2)

Answer: c
Explanation: We had the equation Y(s) = H(s)X(s) to find the steady state solution of y(t).
The s-domain expression for the response for the input is Y(s)=H(s) A(Scos Ø-ω
sinØ)/(S2+ω2).

6. Let us assume x (t) = A cos(ωt + φ), on taking the partial fractions for the response we
get?
a) Y(s)=k1/(s-jω)+(k1‘)/(s+jω)+Σterms generated by the poles of H(s)
b) Y(s)=k1/(s+jω)+(k1‘)/(s+jω)+Σterms generated by the poles of H(s)
c) Y(s)=k1/(s+jω)+(k1‘)/(s-jω)+Σterms generated by the poles of H(s)
d) Y(s)=k1/(s-jω)+(k1‘)/(s-jω)+Σterms generated by the poles of H(s)
Answer: a
Explanation: By taking partial fractions, Y(s)=k1/(s-jω)+(k1‘)/(s+jω)+Σterms generated by the
poles of H(s). The first two terms result from the complex conjugate poles of the deriving
source.

7. Let us assume x (t) = A cos(ωt + φ), what is the value of k1?

a) 1/2 H(jω)AejØ
b) H(jω)Ae-jØ
c) H(jω)AejØ
d) 1/2 H(jω)Ae-jØ

Answer: d
Explanation: The first two terms on the right hand side of Y(s) determine the steady state
response. k1=H(s) (A(scosØ-ωsin⁡Ø))/(s+jω)|s=jω = 1/2 H(jω)Ae-jØ.

8. The relation between H (jω) and θ (ω) is?

a) H(jω)=e-jθ (ω)
b) H(jω)=|H(jω)|e-jθ (ω)
c) H(jω)=|H(jω)|ejθ (ω)
d) H(jω)=ejθ (ω)

Answer: c
Explanation: In general, H(jω) is a complex quantity, thus H(jω) = |H(jω)|ejθ(ω) where |H(jω)| is
the magnitude and the phase angle is θ(ω) of the transfer function vary with frequency ω.

9. Let us assume x (t) = A cos(ωt + φ), what is the value of k1 by considering θ (ω) is?
a) |H(jω)|ej[θ (ω)+Ø]
b) A/2|H(jω)|ej[θ (ω)+Ø]
c) |H(jω)|e-j[θ (ω)+Ø]
d) A/2 |H(jω)|e-j[θ (ω)+Ø]

Answer: b
Explanation: The expression of k1 becomes K1 = A/2|H(jω)|ej[θ (ω)+Ø]. We obtain the steady state
solution for y(t) by taking the inverse transform ignoring the terms generated by the poles of
H(s).

10. Let us assume x (t) = A cos(ωt + φ), What is the final steady state solution for y (t)?
a) A|H(jω)|cos⁡[ωt+Ø+ θ (ω)]
b) A|H(jω)|cos⁡[ωt-Ø+ θ (ω)]
c) A|H(jω)|cos⁡[ωt-Ø- θ (ω)]
d) A|H(jω)|cos⁡[ωt+Ø- θ (ω)]

Answer: a
Explanation: We obtain the steady state solution for y (t) by taking the inverse transform of
Y(s) ignoring the terms generated by the poles of H (s). Thus yss(t) = A|H(jω)|cos⁡[ωt+Ø+ θ
(ω)] which indicates how to use the transfer function to find the steady state response of a
circuit.
1. The denominator polynomial in a transfer function may not have any missing terms
between the highest and the lowest degree, unless?
a) all odd terms are missing
b) all even terms are missing
c) all even or odd terms are missing
d) all even and odd terms are missing

Answer: c
Explanation: All the quotients in the polynomial P(s) are positive. The denominator
polynomial in a transfer function may not have any missing terms between the highest and
the lowest degree, unless all even or odd terms are missing.For example P(s) = s3+3s is
Hurwitz because all quotient terms are positive and all even terms are missing.

2. The roots of the odd and even parts of a Hurwitz polynomial P (s) lie on ____________
a) right half of s plane
b) left half of s-plane
c) on jω axis
d) on σ axis

Answer: c
Explanation: The roots of the odd and even parts of a Hurwitz polynomial P (s) lie on jω axis
not on right half of s plane or on left half of s-plane.

3. If the polynomial P (s) is either even or odd, then the roots of P (s) lie on __________
a) on σ axis
b) on jω axis
c) left half of s-plane
d) right half of s plane

Answer: b
Explanation: If the polynomial P (s) is either even or odd, then the roots of P (s) lie on jω
axis not on right half of s plane or on left half of s-plane.

4. If the ratio of the polynomial P (s) and its derivative gives a continued fraction expansion
with ________ coefficients, then the polynomial P (s) is Hurwitz.
a) all negative
b) all positive
c) positive or negative
d) positive and negative

Answer: b
Explanation: If the ratio of the polynomial P (s) and its derivative P‘(s) gives a continued
fraction expansion with all positive coefficients, then the polynomial P (s) is Hurwitz. If all the
quotients in the continued fraction expansion are positive, the polynomial P(s) is positive.

5. Consider the polynomial P(s)=s4+3s2+2. The given polynomial P (s) is Hurwitz.

a) True
b) False

6. When s is real, the driving point impedance function is _________ function and the
driving point admittance function is _________ function.
a) real, complex
b) real, real
c) complex, real
d) complex, complex

Answer: b
Explanation: When s is real, the driving point impedance function is real function and the
driving point admittance function is real function because the quotients of the polynomials
P(s) and Q(s) are real. When Z(s) is determined from the impedances of the individual
branches, the quotients are obtained by adding together, multiplying or dividing the branch
parameters which are real.

7. The poles and zeros of driving point impedance function and driving point admittance
function lie on?
a) Left half of s-plane only
b) right half of s-plane only
c) left half of s-plane or on imaginary axis
d) right half of s-plane or on imaginary axis

Answer: c
Explanation: The poles and zeros of driving point impedance function and driving point
admittance function lie on left half of s-plane or on imaginary axis of the s-plane.

8. For real roots of sk, all the quotients of s in s2+ωk2 of the polynomial P (s) are __________
a) negative
b) non-negative
c) positive
d) non-positive

Answer: b
Explanation: For real roots of sk, all the quotients of s in s2+ωk2 of the polynomial P (s) are
non-negative. So by multiplying all factors in P(s) we find that all quotients are positive.

9. The real parts of the driving point function Z (s) and Y (s) are?
a) positive and zero
b) positive
c) zero
d) positive or zero
Answer: d
Explanation: The real parts of the driving point impedance function Z (s) and driving point
admittance function Y (s) are positive or zero.

10. For the complex zeros to appear in conjugate pairs the poles of the network function are
____ and zeros of the network function are ____________
a) complex, complex
b) complex, real
c) real, real
d) real, complex

Answer: c

1. Routh Hurwitz criterion gives:

a) Number of roots in the right half of the s-plane
b) Value of the roots
c) Number of roots in the left half of the s-plane
d) Number of roots in the top half of the s-plane

Answer: a
Explanation: Routh Hurwitz criterion gives number of roots in the right half of the s-plane.

2. Routh Hurwitz criterion cannot be applied when the characteristic equation of the system
containing coefficient’s which is/are
a) Exponential function of s
b) Sinusoidal function of s
c) Complex
d) Exponential and sinusoidal function of s and complex

Answer: d
Explanation: Routh Hurwitz criterion cannot be applied when the characteristic equation of
the system containing coefficient/s which is/are exponential, sinusoidal and complex
function of s.

3. Consider the following statement regarding Routh Hurwitz criterion:

a) It gives absolute stability
b) It gives gain and phase margin
c) It gives the number of roots lying in RHS of the s-plane
d) It gives gain, phase margin and number of roots lying in RHS of the s-plane

Answer: d
Explanation: Routh Hurwitz gives the gain, phase margin, absolute stability and roots on the
right of the s-plane.

4. The order of the auxiliary polynomial is always:

a) Even
b) Odd
c) May be even or odd
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: Auxiliary polynomial denotes the derivative of the odd equation which is always
even.

5. Which of the test signals are best utilized by the stability analysis.
a) Impulse
b) Step
c) Ramp
d) Parabolic

Answer: a
Explanation: The Impulse test signals are best utilised by the stability analysis because the
computational task is reduced to much extent.

6. The characteristic equation of a system is given as3s4+10s3+5s2+2=0. This system is :

a) Stable
b) Marginally stable
c) Unstable
d) Linear
Answer: c
Explanation: There is a missing coefficient so the system is unstable.

7. The characteristic equation of a system is given ass3+25s2+10s+50=0. What is the

number of the roots in the right half s-plane and the imaginary axis respectively?
a) 1,1
b) 0,0
c) 2,1
d) 1,2

Answer: b
Explanation: The characteristic equation has no sign changes so number of roots on the
right half of s plane is zero.

8. Consider the following statement:

a) A system is said to be stable if its output is bounded for any input
b) A system is said to be stable if all the roots of the characteristic equation lie on the left
half of the s plane.
c) A system is said to be stable if all the roots of the characteristic equation have negative
real parts.
d) A second order system is always stable for finite values of open loop gain

Answer: a
Explanation: A system is stable if its output is bounded for bounded input.

9. The necessary condition for the stability of the linear system is that all the coefficients of
characteristic equation 1+G(s)H(s) =0, be real and have the :
a) Positive sign
b) Negative sign
c) Same sign
d) Both positive and negative

Answer: c
Explanation: The necessary condition for the stability of the linear system is that all the
coefficients of characteristic equation 1+G(s)H(s) =0, is they must have same sign.

10. For making an unstable system stable:

a) Gain of the system should be increased
b) Gain of the system should be decreased
c) The number of zeroes to the loop transfer function should be increased
d) The number of poles to the loop transfer function should be increased

Answer: b
Explanation: For making an unstable system stable gain of the system should be
decreased.