Program:

import tensorflow as tf
# Enable eager execution
tf.compat.v1.enable_eager_execution()
# Define two vectors
vector1 = tf.constant([1.0, 2.0, 3.0])
vector2 = tf.constant([4.0, 5.0, 6.0])
# Perform vector addition
result_vector = tf.add(vector1,
vector2) # Print the results
print("Vector 1:", vector1.numpy())
print("Vector 2:", vector2.numpy())
print("Resultant Vector:", result_vector.numpy())

Ouput:
Vector 1: [1. 2. 3.]
Vector 2: [4. 5. 6.]
Resultant Vector: [5. 7. 9.]
Program:
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras.models import
Sequential from tensorflow.keras.layers import
Dense
# Generate some synthetic data
np.random.seed(42)
X_train = np.random.rand(100, 1) # Input features
y_train = 2 * X_train + 1 + 0.1 * np.random.randn(100, 1) # Linear relation with
some noise
# Build the regression
model model = Sequential()
model.add(Dense(units=1, input_shape=(1,), activation='linear'))
# Compile the model
model.compile(optimizer='sgd', loss='mean_squared_error')
# Train the model
model.fit(X_train, y_train, epochs=50, batch_size=8)
# Generate some test data
X_test = np.array([[0.2], [0.5], [0.8]])
# Make predictions
predictions = model.predict(X_test)
# Display the predictions
print("Predictions:")
print(predictions)
Output:
Epoch 1/50
13/13 [==============================] - 1s 6ms/step - loss: 2.4243
Epoch 2/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 5ms/step - loss: 1.2959
Epoch 3/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 4ms/step - loss: 0.7089
Epoch 4/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 4ms/step - loss: 0.3944
Epoch 5/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 4ms/step - loss: 0.2298
Epoch 6/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 4ms/step - loss: 0.1457
Epoch 7/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 4ms/step - loss: 0.0984
Epoch 8/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.0745
Epoch 9/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 4ms/step - loss: 0.0609
Epoch 10/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 4ms/step - loss: 0.0531
Epoch 11/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.0484
Epoch 12/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.0454
Epoch 13/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 4ms/step - loss: 0.0429
Epoch 14/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 4ms/step - loss: 0.0410
Epoch 15/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.0396
Epoch 16/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.0384
Epoch 17/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.0373
Epoch 18/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.0362
Epoch 19/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.0351
Epoch 20/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.0341
Epoch 21/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.0333
Epoch 22/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.0324
Epoch 23/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.0315
Epoch 24/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.0306
Epoch 25/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.0298
Epoch 26/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.0291
Epoch 27/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.0284
Epoch 28/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.0275
Epoch 29/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.0268
Epoch 30/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.0262
Epoch 31/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.0255
Epoch 32/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.0249
Epoch 33/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.0243
Epoch 34/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.0237
Epoch 35/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.0232
Epoch 36/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.0226
Epoch 37/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.0221
Epoch 38/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.0216
Epoch 39/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.0211
Epoch 40/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.0207
Epoch 41/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.0202
Epoch 42/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.0197
Epoch 43/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.0193
Epoch 44/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.0189
Epoch 45/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.0185
Epoch 46/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.0181
Epoch 47/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.0178
Epoch 48/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.0174
Epoch 49/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.0171
Epoch 50/50
13/13 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.0167
1/1 [==============================] - 0s 90ms/step
Predictions:
[[1.5073806]
[2.001153 ]
[2.4949255]]
Program:
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score
# Generate some synthetic data for a binary classification task
np.random.seed(42)
X = np.random.rand(100, 2) # Input features (2 features for simplicity)
y = (X[:, 0] + X[:, 1] > 1).astype(int) # Binary label based on a simple condition
# Split the data into training and testing sets
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2,
random_state=42)
# Build a perceptron model
model = tf.keras.Sequential([
tf.keras.layers.Input(shape=(2,)),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(units=1, activation='sigmoid')])
# Compile the model
model.compile(optimizer='sgd', loss='binary_crossentropy',
metrics=['accuracy'])
# Train the perceptron
model.fit(X_train, y_train, epochs=50, batch_size=8, verbose=0)
# Make predictions on the test set
predictions = model.predict(X_test)
binary_predictions = (predictions > 0.5).astype(int)
# Evaluate accuracy
accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test, binary_predictions)
print("Accuracy on the test set:", accuracy)

Ouput:
1/1 [==============================] - 0s 315ms/step
Accuracy on the test set: 0.6
Program:
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score
# Generate some synthetic data for a binary classification task
np.random.seed(42)
X = np.random.rand(100, 2) # Input features (2 features for simplicity)
y = (X[:, 0] + X[:, 1] > 1).astype(int) # Binary label based on a simple condition
# Split the data into training and testing sets
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2,
random_state=42)
# Build a simple feed-forward neural network using Keras
model = tf.keras.Sequential([
tf.keras.layers.Input(shape=(2,)),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(units=32, activation='relu'),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(units=1, activation='sigmoid')
])
# Compile the model
model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='binary_crossentropy',
metrics=['accuracy'])
# Train the neural network
model.fit(X_train, y_train, epochs=50, batch_size=8, verbose=0)
# Make predictions on the test set
predictions = model.predict(X_test)
binary_predictions = (predictions > 0.5).astype(int)
# Evaluate accuracy
accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test, binary_predictions)
print("Accuracy on the test set:", accuracy)

Output:
1/1 [==============================] - 0s 156ms/step
Accuracy on the test set: 0.9
Program:
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras import layers, models
from tensorflow.keras.datasets import mnist
from tensorflow.keras.utils import to_categorical
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Load and preprocess the MNIST dataset
(train_images, train_labels), (test_images, test_labels) = mnist.load_data()
train_images = train_images.reshape((60000, 28, 28, 1)).astype('float32') / 255
test_images = test_images.reshape((10000, 28, 28, 1)).astype('float32') / 255
train_labels = to_categorical(train_labels)
test_labels = to_categorical(test_labels)
# Build the CNN model
model = models.Sequential()
model.add(layers.Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation='relu', input_shape=(28, 28, 1)))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
model.add(layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
model.add(layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.Flatten())
model.add(layers.Dense(64, activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax'))
# Compile the model
model.compile(optimizer='adam',
loss='categorical_crossentropy'
, metrics=['accuracy'])
# Train the CNN model
history = model.fit(train_images, train_labels, epochs=5, batch_size=64,
validation_data=(test_images, test_labels))
# Evaluate the model on the test set
test_loss, test_acc = model.evaluate(test_images, test_labels)
print(f'Test accuracy: {test_acc}')
# Plot training history
plt.plot(history.history['accuracy'], label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(history.history['val_accuracy'], label='Validation Accuracy')
plt.xlabel('Epoch')
plt.ylabel('Accuracy')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

Output:
Downloading data from https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/tf-
kerasdatasets/mnist.npz
11490434/11490434 [==============================] - 1s 0us/step
Epoch 1/5
938/938 [==============================] - 61s 63ms/step - loss: 0.1887
- accuracy: 0.9410 - val_loss: 0.0621 - val_accuracy: 0.9806
Epoch 2/5
938/938 [==============================] - 56s 60ms/step - loss: 0.0541
- accuracy: 0.9833 - val_loss: 0.0393 - val_accuracy: 0.9878
Epoch 3/5
938/938 [==============================] - 54s 57ms/step - loss: 0.0363
- accuracy: 0.9887 - val_loss: 0.0356 - val_accuracy: 0.9886
Epoch 4/5
938/938 [==============================] - 52s 55ms/step - loss: 0.0287
- accuracy: 0.9907 - val_loss: 0.0382 - val_accuracy: 0.9888
Epoch 5/5
938/938 [==============================] - 53s 56ms/step - loss: 0.0239
- accuracy: 0.9924 - val_loss: 0.0288 - val_accuracy: 0.9908
313/313 [==============================] - 3s 9ms/step - loss: 0.0288 -
accuracy: 0.9908
Test accuracy: 0.9908000230789185
Program:
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras import layers, models
from tensorflow.keras.datasets import mnist
from tensorflow.keras.utils import to_categorical
from tensorflow.keras.optimizers import Adam
from tensorflow.keras.callbacks import EarlyStopping, ModelCheckpoint
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Load and preprocess the MNIST dataset
(train_images, train_labels), (test_images, test_labels) = mnist.load_data()
train_images = train_images.reshape((60000, 28, 28, 1)).astype('float32') / 255
test_images = test_images.reshape((10000, 28, 28, 1)).astype('float32') / 255
train_labels = to_categorical(train_labels)
test_labels = to_categorical(test_labels)
# Build the CNN model with hyperparameter tuning
model = models.Sequential()
model.add(layers.Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation='relu', input_shape=(28, 28, 1)))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
model.add(layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
model.add(layers.Conv2D(128, (3, 3), activation='relu')) # Increased filters
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
model.add(layers.Flatten())
model.add(layers.Dense(128, activation='relu')) # Increased units
model.add(layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax'))
# Compile the model with fine-tuned hyperparameters
optimizer = Adam(learning_rate=0.001) # Adjusted learning rate
model.compile(optimizer=optimizer,
loss='categorical_crossentropy'
, metrics=['accuracy'])
# Define callbacks for early stopping and model checkpoint
early_stopping = EarlyStopping(monitor='val_loss', patience=3,
restore_best_weights=True)
model_checkpoint = ModelCheckpoint('best_model.h5', save_best_only=True)
# Train the CNN model with fine-tuned hyperparameters
history = model.fit(train_images, train_labels, epochs=20, batch_size=64,
validation_data=(test_images, test_labels),
callbacks=[early_stopping, model_checkpoint])
# Load the best model from the checkpoint
best_model = models.load_model('best_model.h5')
# Evaluate the best model on the test set
test_loss, test_acc = best_model.evaluate(test_images, test_labels)
print(f'Test accuracy of the best model: {test_acc}')
# Plot training history
plt.plot(history.history['accuracy'], label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(history.history['val_accuracy'], label='Validation Accuracy')
plt.xlabel('Epoch')
plt.ylabel('Accuracy')
plt.legend()
plt.show()
Output:
Epoch 1/20
938/938 [==============================] - 78s 82ms/step - loss: 0.2188
- accuracy: 0.9339 - val_loss: 0.0786 - val_accuracy: 0.9763
Epoch 2/20
3/938 [. ] - ETA: 47s - loss: 0.0681 - accuracy:
0.9792/usr/local/lib/python3.10/distpackages/keras/src/engine/training.py:31
03: UserWarning: You are saving
your model as an HDF5 file via `model.save()`. This file format is considered
legacy. We recommend using instead the native Keras format, e.g.
`model.save('my_model.keras')`.
saving_api.save_model(
938/938 [==============================] - 57s 61ms/step - loss: 0.0694
- accuracy: 0.9784 - val_loss: 0.0539 - val_accuracy: 0.9849
Epoch 3/20
938/938 [==============================] - 62s 66ms/step - loss: 0.0488
- accuracy: 0.9849 - val_loss: 0.0473 - val_accuracy: 0.9856
Epoch 4/20
938/938 [==============================] - 57s 61ms/step - loss: 0.0377
- accuracy: 0.9885 - val_loss: 0.0523 - val_accuracy: 0.9837
Epoch 5/20
938/938 [==============================] - 60s 64ms/step - loss: 0.0301
- accuracy: 0.9904 - val_loss: 0.0537 - val_accuracy: 0.9849
Epoch 6/20
938/938 [==============================] - 58s 62ms/step - loss: 0.0249
- accuracy: 0.9921 - val_loss: 0.0457 - val_accuracy: 0.9867
Epoch 7/20
938/938 [==============================] - 56s 60ms/step - loss: 0.0199
- accuracy: 0.9938 - val_loss: 0.0593 - val_accuracy: 0.9848
Epoch 8/20
938/938 [==============================] - 57s 61ms/step - loss: 0.0167
- accuracy: 0.9944 - val_loss: 0.0480 - val_accuracy: 0.9877
Epoch 9/20
938/938 [==============================] - 56s 60ms/step - loss: 0.0149
- accuracy: 0.9949 - val_loss: 0.0553 - val_accuracy: 0.9843
313/313 [==============================] - 4s 11ms/step - loss: 0.0457 -
accuracy: 0.9867
Test accuracy of the best model: 0.9866999983787537
Program:
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras import layers, models
from tensorflow.keras.datasets import cifar10
from tensorflow.keras.applications import VGG16
from tensorflow.keras.utils import to_categorical
# Load CIFAR-10 dataset and normalize pixel values
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = cifar10.load_data()
x_train, x_test = x_train.astype('float32') / 255.0, x_test.astype('float32') /
255.0
y_train, y_test = to_categorical(y_train, 10), to_categorical(y_test, 10)
# Load pre-trained VGG16 model without the top classification layer and freeze
convolutional base
base_model = VGG16(weights='imagenet', include_top=False,
input_shape=(32, 32,
3))
base_model.trainable = False
# Define model architecture
model = models.Sequential([
base_model,
layers.Flatten(),
layers.Dense(256, activation='relu'),
layers.Dropout(0.5),
layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')
])
# Compile, train, and evaluate the model
model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='categorical_crossentropy',
metrics=['accuracy'])
model.summary()
history = model.fit(x_train, y_train, epochs=10, batch_size=64,
validation_data=(x_test, y_test))
test_loss, test_acc = model.evaluate(x_test, y_test)
print('Test accuracy:', test_acc)

Output:
Downloading data from https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kriz/cifar-10-
python.tar.gz
170498071/170498071 [==============================] - 6s 0us/step
Downloading data from
https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/kerasapplications/vgg16/vgg16_we
ights_tf_dim_ordering_tf_kernels_notop.h5
58889256/58889256 [==============================] - 1s 0us/step
Model: "sequential"
________________________________________________________________
_
Layer (type) Output Shape Param #
================================================================
=
vgg16 (Functional) (None, 1, 1, 512) 14714688

flatten (Flatten) (None, 512) 0

dense (Dense) (None, 256) 131328

dropout (Dropout) (None, 256) 0
dense_1 (Dense) (None, 10) 2570
================================================================
=
Total params: 14848586 (56.64 MB)
Trainable params: 133898 (523.04 KB)
Non-trainable params: 14714688 (56.13 MB)
________________________________________________________________
_
Epoch 1/10
782/782 [==============================] - 611s 781ms/step - loss:
1.5134 -
accuracy: 0.4695 - val_loss: 1.2851 - val_accuracy: 0.5500
Epoch 2/10
776/782 [============================>.] - ETA: 3s - loss: 1.3041 -
accuracy:
0.5435
Program:
from tensorflow.keras.datasets import cifar10
from tensorflow.keras.applications import VGG16
from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
from tensorflow.keras import layers, models, optimizers
# Load the CIFAR-10 dataset
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = cifar10.load_data()
# Normalize pixel values to be between 0 and 1
x_train, x_test = x_train / 255.0, x_test / 255.0
# Load the pretrained VGG16 model without the top (fully connected) layers
base_model = VGG16(weights='imagenet', include_top=False,
input_shape=(32, 32,
3))
# Freeze the weights of the pretrained layers
for layer in base_model.layers:
layer.trainable = False
# Create your own model by adding custom top layers
model = models.Sequential()
model.add(base_model)
model.add(layers.Flatten())
model.add(layers.Dense(256, activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.Dropout(0.5))
model.add(layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')) # CIFAR-10 has 10 classes
# Compile the model
model.compile(optimizer=optimizers.Adam(lr=1e-4),
loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy',
metrics=['accuracy'])
# Display the model architecture
model.summary()
# Set up data generator with validation split
datagen = ImageDataGenerator(validation_split=0.2) # 20% of data for
validation
batch_size = 32
# Use 'flow' method for image data augmentation
train_generator = datagen.flow(x_train, y_train, batch_size=batch_size,
subset='training')
validation_generator = datagen.flow(x_train, y_train, batch_size=batch_size,
subset='validation')
# Train the model
epochs = 10 # Adjust the number of epochs based on your needs
history = model.fit(train_generator,
steps_per_epoch=len(train_generator),
epochs=epochs,
validation_data=validation_generator,
validation_steps=len(validation_generator))
# Evaluate the model on the test set
test_loss, test_acc = model.evaluate(x_test, y_test)
print(f'Test accuracy: {test_acc * 100:.2f}%')

Output:
Model: "sequential"
Layer (type) Output Shape Param #
================================================================
=
vgg16 (Functional) (None, 1, 1, 512) 14714688
flatten (Flatten) (None, 512) 0
dense (Dense) (None, 256) 131328
dropout (Dropout) (None, 256) 0
dense_1 (Dense) (None, 10) 2570
================================================================
=
Total params: 14,846,586
Trainable params: 133,898
Non-trainable params: 14,712,688
Epoch 1/10
1250/1250 [==============================] - 522s 416ms/step - loss:
1.5227 - accuracy: 0.1009 - val_loss: 1.2595 - val_accuracy: 0.1067
...
Epoch 10/10
1250/1250 [==============================] - 543s 435ms/step - loss:
1.1144 - accuracy: 0.0960 - val_loss: 1.1163 - val_accuracy: 0.1063
313/313 [==============================] - 100s 321ms/step - loss:
1.1382 -
accuracy: 0.109
Program:
from tensorflow.keras.datasets import cifar10
from tensorflow.keras.applications import VGG16
from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
from tensorflow.keras import layers, models, optimizers
# Load the CIFAR-10 dataset
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = cifar10.load_data()
# Normalize pixel values to be between 0 and 1
x_train, x_test = x_train / 255.0, x_test / 255.0
# Load the pretrained VGG16 model without the top (fully connected) layers
base_model = VGG16(weights='imagenet', include_top=False,
input_shape=(32, 32, 3))
# Freeze the weights of the pretrained layers
for layer in base_model.layers:
layer.trainable = False
# Create your own model by adding custom top layers
model = models.Sequential()
model.add(base_model)
model.add(layers.Flatten())
model.add(layers.Dense(256, activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.Dropout(0.5))
model.add(layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')) # CIFAR-10 has 10 classes
# Compile the model
model.compile(optimizer=optimizers.Adam(lr=1e-4),
loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy',
metrics=['accuracy'])
# Display the model architecture
model.summary()
# Set up data generator with validation split
datagen = ImageDataGenerator(validation_split=0.2) # 20% of data for
validation
batch_size = 32
# Use 'flow' method for image data augmentation
train_generator = datagen.flow(x_train, y_train, batch_size=batch_size,
subset='training')
validation_generator = datagen.flow(x_train, y_train, batch_size=batch_size,
subset='validation')
# Train the model
epochs = 10 # Adjust the number of epochs based on your needs
history = model.fit(train_generator,
steps_per_epoch=len(train_generator),
epochs=epochs,
validation_data=validation_generator,
validation_steps=len(validation_generator))
# Evaluate the model on the test set
test_loss, test_acc = model.evaluate(x_test, y_test)
print(f'Test accuracy: {test_acc * 100:.2f}%')

Output:
Model: "sequential"
Layer (type) Output Shape Param #
================================================================
=
vgg16 (Functional) (None, 1, 1, 512) 14714688
flatten (Flatten) (None, 512) 0
dense (Dense) (None, 256) 131328
dropout (Dropout) (None, 256) 0
dense_1 (Dense) (None, 10) 2570
================================================================
=
Total params: 14,846,586
Trainable params: 133,898
Non-trainable params: 14,712,688
Epoch 1/10
1250/1250 [==============================] - 522s 416ms/step - loss:
1.5227 -
accuracy: 0.1009 - val_loss: 1.2595 - val_accuracy: 0.1067
...
Epoch 10/10
1250/1250 [==============================] - 543s 435ms/step - loss:
1.1144 -
accuracy: 0.0960 - val_loss: 1.1163 - val_accuracy: 0.1063
313/313 [==============================] - 100s 321ms/step - loss:
1.1382 -
accuracy: 0.109
Program:
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from keras.preprocessing.text import Tokenizer
from keras.preprocessing.sequence import pad_sequences
from keras.utils import to_categorical
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import SimpleRNN, Dense, Activation
from keras import optimizers
from keras.metrics import categorical_accuracy
import numpy as np
# Load Yelp dataset
df = pd.read_csv('yelp.csv')
x = df['sentence']
y = df['label']
# Split the data into training and testing sets
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x, y, test_size=0.20)
# Tokenize the sentences
tokenizer = Tokenizer(num_words=1000, lower=True)
tokenizer.fit_on_texts(X_train)
X_train = tokenizer.texts_to_sequences(X_train)
X_test = tokenizer.texts_to_sequences(X_test)
# Pad the sequences to a fixed length
maxlen = 100
X_train = pad_sequences(X_train, padding='post', maxlen=maxlen)
X_test = pad_sequences(X_test, padding='post', maxlen=maxlen)
# One-hot encode the labels
num_classes = 2
y_train = to_categorical(y_train, num_classes)
y_test = to_categorical(y_test, num_classes)
# Reshape input data for RNN
X_train = np.array(X_train).reshape((X_train.shape[0], X_train.shape[1], 1))
X_test = np.array(X_test).reshape((X_test.shape[0], X_test.shape[1], 1))
# Build a vanilla RNN model
def vanilla_rnn():
model = Sequential()
model.add(SimpleRNN(50, input_shape=(maxlen, 1), return_sequences=False))
model.add(Dense(num_classes))
model.add(Activation('softmax'))
model.summary()
adam = optimizers.Adam(learning_rate=0.001)
model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy', optimizer=adam,
metrics=['accuracy'])
return model
# Train the model
from scikeras.wrappers import KerasClassifier
model = KerasClassifier(build_fn=vanilla_rnn, epochs=5, batch_size=50)
model.fit(X_train, y_train)
# Make predictions on the test set
y_pred = model.predict(X_test)
# Evaluate accuracy
accuracy = np.mean(categorical_accuracy(y_test, y_pred))
print("Accuracy:", accuracy)

Output:
Model: "sequential_1"
Layer (type) Output Shape Param #
================================================================
=
lstm_2 (LSTM) (None, 64) 16896
repeat_vector_1 (RepeatVec (None, 10, 64) 0
tor)
lstm_3 (LSTM) (None, 10, 64) 33024
time_distributed_1 (TimeDi (None, 10, 1) 65
stributed)
================================================================
=
Total params: 49985 (195.25 KB)
Trainable params: 49985 (195.25 KB)
Non-trainable params: 0 (0.00 Byte)
Epoch 1/10
4/4 [==============================] - 3s 14ms/step - loss: 0.3377
Epoch 2/10
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 14ms/step - loss: 0.2896
Epoch 3/10
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 14ms/step - loss: 0.2456
Epoch 4/10
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 14ms/step - loss: 0.1936
Epoch 5/10
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 15ms/step - loss: 0.1377
Epoch 6/10
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 15ms/step - loss: 0.1066
Epoch 7/10
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 14ms/step - loss: 0.1178
Epoch 8/10
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 14ms/step - loss: 0.1005
Epoch 9/10
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 14ms/step - loss: 0.1017
Epoch 10/104/4 [==============================] - 0s 19ms/step - loss:
0.1023
4/4 [==============================] - 0s
Program:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras import layers
# Generator model
def build_generator(latent_dim):
model = tf.keras.Sequential()
model.add(layers.Dense(128, input_dim=latent_dim, activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.BatchNormalization())
model.add(layers.Dense(784, activation='sigmoid'))
model.add(layers.Reshape((28, 28, 1)))
return model
# Discriminator model
def build_discriminator(img_shape):
model = tf.keras.Sequential()
model.add(layers.Flatten(input_shape=img_shape))
model.add(layers.Dense(128, activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.Dense(1, activation='sigmoid'))
return model
# Combined model (Generator + Discriminator)
def build_gan(generator, discriminator):
discriminator.trainable = False
model = tf.keras.Sequential()
model.add(generator)
model.add(discriminator)
return model
# Load and preprocess the dataset (MNIST in this case)
def load_dataset():
(X_train, _), (_, _) = tf.keras.datasets.mnist.load_data()
X_train = X_train / 255.0 # Normalize pixel values to the range [0, 1]
X_train = X_train.reshape(X_train.shape[0], 28, 28, 1)
return X_train
# Train the GAN
def train_gan(generator, discriminator, gan, X_train, latent_dim, epochs=10000,
batch_size=128):
for epoch in range(epochs):
# Train the discriminator
idx = np.random.randint(0, X_train.shape[0], batch_size)
real_imgs = X_train[idx]
fake_imgs = generator.predict(np.random.randn(batch_size, latent_dim))
labels_real = np.ones((batch_size, 1))
labels_fake = np.zeros((batch_size, 1))
d_loss_real = discriminator.train_on_batch(real_imgs, labels_real)
d_loss_fake = discriminator.train_on_batch(fake_imgs, labels_fake)
d_loss = 0.5 * np.add(d_loss_real, d_loss_fake)
# Train the generator (via the combined model)
noise = np.random.randn(batch_size, latent_dim)
labels_gen = np.ones((batch_size, 1))
g_loss = gan.train_on_batch(noise, labels_gen)
# Print progress
if epoch % 100 == 0:
print(f"Epoch {epoch}, D Loss: {d_loss[0]}, G Loss: {g_loss}")
save_generated_images(generator, epoch, latent_dim)
# Save generated images
def save_generated_images(generator, epoch, latent_dim, examples=10,
dim=(1, 10),
figsize=(10, 1)):
noise = np.random.randn(examples, latent_dim)
generated_images = generator.predict(noise)
generated_images = generated_images.reshape(examples, 28, 28)
plt.figure(figsize=figsize)
for i in range(generated_images.shape[0]):
plt.subplot(dim[0], dim[1], i+1)
plt.imshow(generated_images[i], interpolation='nearest', cmap='gray_r')
plt.axis('off')
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig(f"gan_generated_image_epoch_{epoch}.png")
# Main function
def main():
latent_dim = 100
img_shape = (28, 28, 1)
generator = build_generator(latent_dim)
discriminator = build_discriminator(img_shape)
gan = build_gan(generator, discriminator)
X_train = load_dataset()
discriminator.compile(loss='binary_crossentropy', optimizer='adam',
metrics=['accuracy'])
gan.compile(loss='binary_crossentropy', optimizer='adam')
train_gan(generator, discriminator, gan, X_train, latent_dim)
if name == " main ": main()

Output:
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
Epoch 0, D Loss: 0.5839875638484955, G Loss: 0.7817459106445312
1/1 [==============================] - 0s 55ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
……
……
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step
4/4 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step
Program:

import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras import layers, models
# Generate some sample data for binary classification
np.random.seed(42)
X_train = np.random.randn(1000, 10) # 1000 samples with 10 features
y_train = np.random.randint(2, size=1000) # Binary labels (0 or 1)
# Define the architecture of the neural network
model = models.Sequential([
layers.Dense(64, activation='relu', input_shape=(10,)),
layers.Dense(32, activation='relu'),
layers.Dense(1, activation='sigmoid') # Output layer with sigmoid activation for
binary
classification
])
# Compile the model
model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='binary_crossentropy',
metrics=['accuracy'])
# Train the model
model.fit(X_train, y_train, epochs=10, batch_size=32, validation_split=0.2)
# Optionally, evaluate the model on test data
# X_test = np.random.randn(200, 10) # Example test data
# y_test = np.random.randint(2, size=200) # Example test labels
# test_loss, test_acc = model.evaluate(X_test, y_test)
# print('Test accuracy:', test_acc)
Output:

Epoch 1/10
25/25 [==============================] - 1s 10ms/step - loss: 0.6963 -
accuracy: 0.5400 -
val_loss: 0.7098 - val_accuracy: 0.4050
Epoch 2/10
25/25 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.6839 -
accuracy: 0.5650 -
val_loss: 0.7086 - val_accuracy: 0.4350
Epoch 3/10
25/25 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.6755 -
accuracy: 0.5813 -
val_loss: 0.7070 - val_accuracy: 0.4650
Epoch 4/10
25/25 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.6711 -
accuracy: 0.5875 -
val_loss: 0.7085 - val_accuracy: 0.5000
Epoch 5/10
25/25 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.6670 -
accuracy: 0.5813 -
val_loss: 0.7074 - val_accuracy: 0.5100
Epoch 6/10
25/25 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.6636 -
accuracy: 0.6237 -
val_loss: 0.7114 - val_accuracy: 0.4800
Epoch 7/10
25/25 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.6608 -
accuracy: 0.5950 -
val_loss: 0.7083 - val_accuracy: 0.4950
Epoch 8/10
25/25 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.6549 -
accuracy: 0.6350 -
val_loss: 0.7076 - val_accuracy: 0.4900
Epoch 9/10
25/25 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.6512 -
accuracy: 0.6488 -
val_loss: 0.7097 - val_accuracy: 0.5000
Epoch 10/10
25/25 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.6479 -
accuracy: 0.6425 -
val_loss: 0.7100 - val_accuracy: 0.4800
<keras.src.callbacks.History at 0x7f888eadcb80>