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Science 9 Constellation Reviewer

The document discusses what stars are, their key characteristics including brightness, color, temperature, size and mass. It also covers constellations, including how early people used them for agriculture, navigation and timekeeping before calendars.

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Raiven Eugenio
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53 views5 pages

Science 9 Constellation Reviewer

The document discusses what stars are, their key characteristics including brightness, color, temperature, size and mass. It also covers constellations, including how early people used them for agriculture, navigation and timekeeping before calendars.

Uploaded by

Raiven Eugenio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WHAT IS STAR?

A star is a massive ball of plasma that emits light throughout the universe. there is only one star
in our solar system, there are billions upon billions of stars throughout our galaxy and
exponentially more in the billions of galaxies in the universe.

CHARACTERISTICS OF STAR

BRIGHTNESS

Two characteristics define brightness: luminosity and magnitude. Luminosity is the amount of
light that a star radiates. The size of the star and its surface temperature determine its luminosity.
Apparent magnitude of a star is its perceived brightness, factoring in size and distance, while
absolute magnitude is its true brightness irrespective of its distance from earth.

Apparent brightness is how bright a star appears from the Earth. While absolute brightness is
how bright a star appears at the same standard distance from Earth.

COLOR

A star's color depends on its surface temperature. Cooler stars tend to be redder in color, while
hotter stars have a bluer appearance. Stars in the mid-ranges are white or yellow, such as our sun.
Stars can also blend colors, such as red-orange stars or blue-white stars. The hottest color of the
star is blue. The coolest color of star is red.

TEMPERATURE
Astronomers measure a star's temperature on the Kelvin scale. Zero degrees on the Kelvin scale
is theoretically absolute and is equal to -273.15 degrees Celsius. The coolest, reddest stars are
approximately 2,500 K, while the hottest stars can reach temperature up to 50,000 K. Our sun is
about 5,500 K.

SIZE
Astronomers measure the size of a given star in terms of our own sun's radius. Thus, a star that
measure 1 solar radius would be the same size as our sun. The star Rigel, which is much larger
than our sun, measures 78 solar radii. A star's size, along with its surface temperature, will
determine its luminosity.

MASS

A star's mass is also measured in terms of our own sun, with 1 equal to the size of our sun. For
instance, Rigel, which is much larger than our sun, has a mass of 3.5 solar masses. Two stars of a
similar size may not necessarily have the same mass, as stars can vary greatly in density.

CONSTELLATION

-Imagined group of stars that form pictures of animals, objects, and people

-group of stars in the universe.

POLARIS

-commonly known as north star

-is the brightest star in the constellation Ursa Minor (Little Dipper)

From East to west star appear to move in the night sky. Stars appear to move in the sky because
the earth is rotating on its axis. If we are located at north pole we see Polaris overhead.
Months Northern Hemisphere Southern hemisphere
March Spring Autumn
June Summer Winter
September Autumn Spring
December Winter Summer
The earth revolves around its orbit (sun), the stars that were concealed by the bright light of the
sun in the previous months will appear in the night sky.

HOW EARLY PEOPLE USE CONSTELLATIONS

Constellations have practical uses, before calendars, people had no way of determining when to
sow or harvest except by looking at these patterns at the sky. Ancient people developed a way to
remember the patterns by giving these patterns names and stories. In the northern hemisphere,
the constellation ORION indicates the coming of cold season. The constellations made it easier
to recognize and interpret patterns in the sky. GEMINI is seen in the Philippines during in the
months of April and May. Farmers interpreted the appearance of Gemini as the end of planting
season, and it signifies rich harvest.
Other uses:

Another uses of constellations are navigation. The POLARIS is widely in navigation because it
does not change its position at any time of the night and year. Also, one configure out his/her
latitude by looking at how high POLARIS appears in the night sky. This allowed sailors to find
their way as they sail across the see.

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