artery / arteries / aorta; (a) @) 1 (i) atrium / left or right atrium / left or right atria / left or right auricle; (i) I. fewer chambers / two chambers / one atrium / one ventricle / eq; 2. fewer valves / eq; 3. no separation of left and right sides / no septum / no left and right atria / no left and right ventricles; 4. chamber walls have similar size / eq; 5. fewer blood vessels / only two blood vessels / eq; allow converse for human heart 3. ignore ref to circulation / blood flow (>) 1. less oxygen/deoxygenated in fish heart; 2. more carbon dioxide in fish heart; 3. oxygen used in respiration; 4. carbon dioxide produced by respiration; 5. blood oxygenated in human lungs; 6. carbon dioxide removed in human lungs; allow converse for blood in human heart © T. single circulation 7 no separate lung circulation / blood passes through heart once / blood in fish has to pass through two sets of capillaries / eq; 2. fish are smaller / fish have smaller heart / fish heart has thinner walls; allow converse for humanQuestion aie ther | Answer Notes Marks (a) 6CO2 + 6H1O0 ——* CoH20s + 603}; unbalanced but correct =1 eg CO; + H,0 ——> CoH1206 + Ooi words alone = 0 2 (6) (@)_| 1. tum off Bunsen / use water bath / eq; ignore gloves / protective 2, ethanol is flammable / eq; clothing OR 3. wear goggles; 4. protect eye; OR 5. use forceps / tongs; 6. protect fingers / skin; 2 (i _| killlea¥ 7 stop digestion / stop chemical reactions; | ignore wax removal / soften denature enzymes; leaf 1 (il) | 1. remove chlorophyll / remove green (pigment) / | ignore remove chloroplasts / remove colour / to see colour of iodine; destroy chlorophyll 2. allow remove waxy cuticle; 1 (ow 1. place one leaf in light / no cover of leaf; 2. place one leaf in dark / cover part of leaf; 2. eg use of stencil / tape (ii) 1. use variegated leaf / eq; 2. draw pattern of chlorophyll and compare results / test white and green parts / eq; (i) 1. NaOH / soda lime / KOH; 2. absorb / remove carbon dioxide / eq; 2 Total 12 marksQuestion SaTBE Answer Notes Marks 3 (a) (i) ]1. (flask X) red / orange; 2. (flask Y) yellow; 2 (more) carbon dioxide (in flask Y) / carbon dioxide ignore colour (i) | produced; eg. goes purple because of CO, = 1 1 (b) (i) |i. colour change faster for small hamster / takes allow converse less time for small hamster / eq; 2. more respiration with small hamster / faster production of carbon dioxide / eq; 3. larger surface area to volume / loses more heat maintain body temperature / eq; 2 (i) | 1. optimum temperature; 2. enzymes; 2. reject if enzymes die 2 (© @ [only one reading / not repeated / not enough results / only one hamster of each size used / eq; 1 difficult to tell when colour changes / eq; ignore gas escape / ii) loose bung 1 @ T. age / species / type; mark first three answers| 2. temperature; 3. volume of indicator; 3 and 4 ignore amount 4. concentration of indicator; ignore activity / size of bell jarQuestion | Answer Additional | Mark Number guidance pe ‘A description that makes reference to the following points: 5 * carbohydrate for energy / respiration (1) * lipid / fat for energy / storage / insulation / myelin/ | Allow hormones / protecting organs (1) correct named * protein for growth / repair / (named) enzyme / hormone hormones / antibodies / neurotransmitter (1) for Mp2 and Mp3 Mp3 Ignore skin / nails / hair / bones * water as solvent / transport / reactions / temperature regulation / prevent constipation / help egestion (1) Ignore «fibre / roughage for peristalsis / move food / prevents prevent constipation / help egestion (1) cancerQuestion | Answer Additional Mark Number guidance An explanation that makes reference to four of the Answer makes | 4 Re” following points: * vitamin A for (foetus) eyes / vision / sight (1) * vitamin C for (foetus) skin / (connective) tissue (1) * vitamin D for (foetus) bones / teeth / calcium absorption (1) * calcium for (foetus) bones / teeth / milk (1) * iron for (foetus) haemoglobin / Hb / red blood cells qa) * phosphate for (foetus) ATP / bones / DNA/ RNA (1) no mention of foetus / embryo / baby = max 3 Mp2 Ignore scurvy Mp3 Ignore rickets Allow other vitamins and minerals eg. vitamin B for nerve developmentQuestion Number Answer Mark a (70 x 126 =) 8820 Question Number Answer ‘Additional guidance Mark yy * determine difference in energy requirement * multiplication to get percentage 98.8 / 98.81 / 99 (2) Award full marks for correct numerical answer without working overweight 84 and underweight 167 167 - 84 = 83 +84 percentage increase = 83 +84 100 or 167 x 80 = 13360 84 x 80 = 6720 6640 + 6720 = 0.98809 = 100 Allow one mark for 83 and 84 or 13360 and 6720Question number Marks (b) © @ 1. protein coat / capsid; 2, nucleic acid / RNA / DNA; placenta; 1. attenuated virus / harmless virus / weakened virus / inactive virus / attenuated pathogen / harmless pathogen / weakened pathogen / inactive pathogen or antigen; 2. secondary immune response; 3. memory cells 4. antibodies produced more / faster / sooner / eq; 5. destroy virus / destroy pathogen; kill species / kill mosquito: 1, Ignore dead virus / dead pathogen 3. Allow memory lymphocytes 5. Ignore kill virus Ignore insects max 4 © (CO) ) 1. males do not produce sperm / less mating with fertile males; 2. no fertilization / no offspring produced / fewer offspring produced / less reproduction; 1. some feed on nectar / plants / flowers / producers; 2. some feed on blood / humans / animals; 1. distinguish correct species / mosquito / only those that spread Zika; 2. kill / reduice mosquitoes that spread Zika / virus / pathogens / disease / harmful mosquitoes; 3. use less pesticide; 4. affect on food chains; 5. humans not needed / 9; only kills mosquitoes that spread Zika = 2 2. Allow converse max 3Question Answer Notes: Marks number 2a) (flower A) ‘Allow converse max 3 1. large(r) petals / large(r) flower; Ignore colour / nectar / 2. stamens enclosed / anther enclosed / eq; eeearesiot beter 3. stigma enclosed / style short(er) / ea; 4, non-feathery stigma / eq; 5. guide lines; (>) ® Stage pollen tube grows down style nuclei move down pollen tube pollen grain germinates zygote formed petals wither Order 4 or S correct = 4 3 3 correct = 3 4 2 correct = 2 2 1 correct 5 (6) pollen grain lands on stigma ToteQuestion | Answer Mark Number 4(b)(i)__ | An explanation that makes reference to the three of following | 3 points: * water reabsorbed / water into blood (1) * osmosis (1) * concentrated urine / less water in urine / less urine (1) Question | Answer Additional | Mark Number guidance 4(b)(ii) | An explanation that makes reference to the following 2 points: + hot/higher temperature during day / cool(er)/lower temperature at night / cool(er)/lower temperature underground (1) + less water loss / less dehydration (1) Mp2 Allow less sweating + hide from predators / less visible to predators | Allow / less chance of being hunted (1) converse for Mps 2 and 3 Question | Answer Additional | Mark Number guidance 4(b) ‘An answer that makes reference to one of the 1 following: Ignore rain / + respiration (1) other water + food / cacti / plants / seeds (1) source * condensation (1) Total 9 marksThe only correct answer is D Als incorrect because the proximal convoluted tubule does not respond to ADH Bis incorrect because ultrafiltration does not respond to ADH Cis incorrect because ultrafiltration does not respond to ADH Question | Answer Mark Number A(a)(i) 1 The only correct answer is A B is incorrect because ultrafiltration does not take place at the proximal convoluted tubule Cis incorrect because ultrafiltration does not take place at the loop of Henle Dis incorrect because ultrafiltration does not take place at the collecting duct Question | Answer Mark Number 4(a)(ii) 1 The only correct answer is B Als incorrect because reabsorption of glucose does not take place at the glomerulus Cis incorrect because reabsorption of glucose does not take place at the loop of Henle Dis incorrect because reabsorption of glucose does not take place at the collecting duct Question | Answer Mark Number 4(a)(iii) 1Question _| Answer Mark Number a) a 8 XY / X and ¥/ YX / Y and X Question “Answer Mark Number. 5(b)(i) 1 The only correct answer isD ZZ Ais incorrect because XY are the sex chromosomes of a human male B is incorrect because ZW are the sex chromosome of a female bird Cis incorrect because ZY are not the sex chromosomes of a male bird Question | Answer Additional guidance Mark Number. 5(b)(ii) 2 + determine probability of award full marks for having one female correct numerical answer without working + raise to the power of 4 p of one female = 0. = 0.0625 / 6.25% / 1/16 (0.5)" Lin 16 (2) Allow one mark for 0.5 / Ve / 50% / 1 in 2 in workingQuestion | Answer ‘Additional | Mark Number guidance 5(c)(i) 4 Hormone Source Function Two answers FSH pituitary (1) | (stimulate follicle || must be growth) correct for the mark LH (pituitary) | ovulation / egg eg: (LH) release / ovulation release of and oestrogen / inhibits release of oestrogen progesterone / =0 develop corpus luteum (1) oestrogen ovary / (repair uterus ovaries / | lining) corpus luteum / placenta (1) maintain uterus Ignore lining/walll / maintains progesterone | (ovary) prevents shedding || pregnancy of uterus lining /wall inhibit FSH / inhibit LH / inhibit lactation (1) Question | Answer Additional guidance Mark Number 5(c)(ii) | An answer that makes reference to 3 the following: + FSH=Q + LHER * oestrogen = * progesterone = S (3) three or four correct two correct = 2 one correct = 1 more than one letter on aline=0 Total 11 marksQuestion | Answer Mark Number 1(a)(i) The only correct answer is A is the pancreas B_ is not the answer as B is not the pancreas € is not the answer as C is not the pancreas D is not the answer as D is not the pancreas Question | Answer Mark Number 1(a)(ii)__ | The only correct answer is D structure produces progesterone A is not correct as it does not produce progesterone B_ is not correct as it does not produce progesterone Cis not correct as it does not produce progesteroneQuestion Answer ‘additional guidance | Mark Number 1(0)(1) 3 Calculation method net marking Calculation method points ‘conversion of nerve convert hormonal speed to m/min _| speed to cm per min 4.2 m per min 5500 cm per sec = 5500 x 60 cm per convert hormonal speed tom /sec | min 3300000 cm per min = 4.2260 m per sec 0.07 m per sec division division 55+0.07 330000+420 = 786:1 scores 3 786 : 1 scores 3 allow 2 sig figs so allow 790:1 scores 3. | Allow 785.7 to 1 for full marks ‘and all versions of 785.7142857142857 score 3 allow 1. mark for = 60 for x 60 or evidence of multiplying by or dividing by 60 allow 1. mark for +0.07 (or :0.07 or +420 or 420 allow 2 marks for 1 to 786 or just number 786 ete ‘any rounding errors Such as 785:1 scores 2 ‘Question [Answer ‘Additional Mark Number ‘guidance 11 (b) (lI) | A description that makes reference to three of the | allow converse for | 3 following: hormones. uses plasmay_ + uses neurones / nerve cells (1) blood + lectrical (1) + goes to target cells only / specific (locus) Feq(t) + (response) Is usually short (term) (1) ignore impulse chemical all around body/ different organs (response) longer (lasting) ignore ref to speed total 8 marks