CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1. Organization as a System
An organization is a collection of people working together under a defined
structure to achieve predetermined outcomes using financial, human, and material
resources (Sullivan, 2018). An organization is a continuous process of input,
throughput, and output. Every health care institution, whether it is a hospital, an
ambulatory surgery center, or a home care agency, requires human, financial, and
material resources. Each also offers a range of services to cure sickness, restore
function, provide rehabilitation, and safeguard or promote wellbeing.

Organizational Analysis is the process of evaluating an organization's

development, workers, activities, and surroundings. The primary emphasis of
Organizational Analysis is the evaluation of an organization's structure and design, as
well as its placement and efficiency of operation. During the evaluation, as many
internal and external aspects as possible are considered (Zhang, 2023). Organizational
analysis is the process of examining an organization's development, work environment,
staff, and operations. It is a method of analyzing the processes that distinguish various
types of organizations, such as enterprises, government agencies, and non-profit
organizations. The goal of organizational analysis is to identify areas of weakness and
then devise solutions to the problems (CFI, 2022).

In the heart of Davao City, where healthcare meets compassion, stands Malta
Medical Center Inc., a beacon of hope and healing. Since its inception, Malta Medical
Center has been unwavering in its commitment to provide high-quality, accessible
healthcare services to individuals from all walks of life. With a team of dedicated
medical professionals, Malta Medical Center offers a comprehensive range of services,
encompassing Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Surgery, Ear,
Nose, and Throat (ENT) care, and Ophthalmology. Their expertise extends beyond the
confines of the hospital, reaching into communities through their Telemedicine and
Pharmacy Delivery initiatives.

They have been recognized as one of the nominated facilities in the National
Awards for "DOH 30 Hospital Star Awards (2018)," a testament to their unwavering
dedication to patient care. Malta Medical Center is more than just a hospital; it's a
sanctuary of healing, where patients are treated with empathy and respect. Their vision
extends beyond the physical realm, encompassing the spiritual and emotional well-
being of their patients. If you are seeking a healthcare provider that embodies
compassion, expertise, and a genuine commitment to healing, look no further than
Malta Medical Center Inc. Davao City. Their doors are open to all, ready to extend a
helping hand and pave the path towards a healthier, happier you.

The main goal of this study was to conduct a thorough analysis and establish a
well-organized framework for Malta Medical Center, covering aspects such as
departmentalization and the distribution of tasks. Additionally, the research aimed to
offer detailed insights into the hierarchical power structure and outline the duties and
responsibilities of each individual within the organization.

a. Philosophy of the Organization

The organizational philosophy serves as the foundation for constructing nursing
philosophies at the unit and system levels, as well as for nursing service as a whole.
The nursing service philosophy, which should be written in tandem with the
organizational philosophy, should cover core views about nursing and nursing care; the
quality, quantity, and range of nursing services; and how nursing particularly will
accomplish corporate goals. The nursing service philosophy frequently focuses on the
ideals of holistic care, education, and research (Marquis & Huston, 2019).

The philosophy is derived from the goal or mission statement and defines the set
of values and ideas that drive the organization's conduct. It is the fundamental basis that
guides all additional preparation toward that aim (Marquis & Huston, 2019). Moreover,
philosophy creates the organization's ideals, beliefs, and principles for conducting
business and determining its relationship with its stakeholders. Philosophy is the distinct
and relatively long-lasting set of basic principles that guides how individuals perform
their jobs. Philosophy enables people to use this basic characteristic to drive their
everyday decisions and activities (Byars & Neil, n.d.).

The philosophy of the Malta Medical Center appears to emphasize the

importance of providing high-quality healthcare services while respecting the inherent
worth and dignity of each individual. The recognition of Jesus Christ suggests a faith-
based approach, possibly involving a holistic understanding of health that goes beyond
the purely physical aspects. In addition, the Malta Medical Center Inc. is dedicated to
upholding its Vision, Goal, and Core Values in the delivery of exceptional healthcare
and patient-focused services. As a healthcare provider committed to enhancing the
well-being of communities in Davao City and neighboring provinces, the center strives
to offer high-quality care to individuals from diverse beliefs, socio-economic
backgrounds, and cultures. This commitment is fostered in an environment of healing
that promotes love and unwavering faith in God. The vision of Malta Medical Center Inc.
is to become one of Davao City's premier providers of comprehensive wellness and top-
notch healthcare services by 2022 (Malta Medical Center Inc., 2022).

Core values are the foundational principles guiding the actions, decisions, and
behavior of organizations or individuals. They serve as a moral compass, indicating
what is ethically right or wrong in both conduct and decision-making. Malta Medical
Center Inc. embraces the following core values: Christ-Centered Services, Innovation,
Patient Satisfaction, Professional Growth, Employee Welfare, and Teamwork. These
values shape the ethical framework of the organization, influencing its commitment to
service centered on Christ, fostering innovation, prioritizing patient contentment,
promoting professional development, caring for employee well-being, and encouraging
teamwork.
 Undertaken by Group 16 of BSN 14D students from Davao Doctors College, Inc.,
our current research centers on conducting an organizational analysis of Malta Medical
Center Inc. Nestled in Toril, Davao City, this healthcare establishment is driven by a
philosophy that places a premium on providing outstanding healthcare services,
underscored by a deep respect for the intrinsic worth and dignity of each individual. The
institution also acknowledges Jesus Christ as the ultimate source of life.

b. Formal Organization
Formal organization is a planned organizational structure with specific objectives
and rules and processes to achieve them. It is distinguished by a predetermined set of
intraorganizational procedures and structures that are generally laid out. The
regulations are detailed so that there is no room for misinterpretation, and they are
written down to avoid future misunderstandings. The formal organization is intended to
guide and regulate the conduct of its members (Mundano, 2022).
Moreover, a formal organization's objective is to achieve certain goals via the
combined efforts of its members. Formal organizations are created to fulfill a certain
purpose or to achieve specified goals, and they rely on a division of labor and a
hierarchy of power and authority to guarantee that work is completed in a cohesive and
efficient manner (Cole, 2019).

b.1. Line Structure

In organizational theory, a line structure refers to a type of organizational
structure characterized by a direct and clear chain of command running from the top
leadership to the lower levels of the organization. This structure emphasizes a linear
flow of authority and responsibility, where each individual reports to a single supervisor,
creating a hierarchical and straightforward organizational design (Jones, 2019).
The purpose of a line structure in an organization is to establish a clear and
direct chain of command, facilitating efficient communication, decision-making, and
accountability. This organizational design emphasizes a straightforward hierarchy where
authority and responsibility flow in a linear fashion from the top to the bottom of the
organization (Jones, 2019).
The organizational structure of Malta Medical Center follows a direct line from the
top to the lowest level. This formal structure is carefully planned and involves
departmentalization and work division to establish a framework for defining managerial
authority, responsibility, and accountability. Within this well-defined structure, roles and
functions are systematically arranged, reflecting a clear hierarchy and rank. The chain
of command is evident, outlining how each employee reports to others in the hospital. At
the pinnacle of the chart is the CEO, owner, or founder, with subordinates positioned
below. Malta Medical Center Inc. adopts this structure for its benefits in managing a
growing organization, and this pattern continues through each level of the company. It's
important to note that as employees come and go, the hierarchy may undergo shifts
over time. The chain of command serves several crucial purposes within an
organization. First, it establishes a clear and formalized pathway for communication and
decision-making, ensuring that information flows seamlessly from top management
down to lower levels (Jones, 2019). This clarity is essential for efficient operations and
effective coordination. In addition, the chain of command describes authority and
responsibility. Each individual within the organization knows to whom they report and
from whom they receive directives, which enhances accountability and helps avoid
confusion about roles and tasks (Robbins & Coulter, 2019).

b.2. Decision-Making Process

The decision-making process in an organization is a crucial aspect that involves
several stages. One commonly accepted model for decision-making includes the
following steps: identification of the problem or opportunity, generation of alternative
solutions, evaluation of alternatives, selection of the best alternative, implementation of
the chosen alternative, and finally, monitoring and feedback (Robbins & Coulter, 2019).
Organizations often engage in this process to make informed and effective
decisions that align with their goals and objectives. The identification of a problem or
opportunity is the initial step, followed by brainstorming and assessing various solutions.
Evaluation involves analyzing the potential outcomes and consequences of each
alternative, leading to the selection of the most suitable option. Implementation involves
putting the decision into action, and monitoring ensures that the chosen alternative
achieves the desired results, allowing for adjustments if needed (Robbins & Coulter,
2019).
Malta Medical Center Inc. incorporates both centralized and decentralized
decision-making approaches in its organizational structure, recognizing the
effectiveness of these methods in achieving favorable outcomes. Centralized and
decentralized decision-making structures in organizations serve different purposes
based on the distribution of authority and decision-making power. Centralized decision-
making concentrates authority at the top levels of management, allowing key decisions
to be made by a few individuals or a central authority.
This approach is often efficient in rapidly executing decisions, maintaining
consistency, and ensuring a clear line of authority (Daft, 2018). On the other hand,
decentralized decision-making involves distributing decision-making authority across
various levels and departments within an organization. This approach empowers lower-
level employees to make decisions related to their specific areas of expertise, fostering
adaptability, innovation, and quicker responses to local issues (Robbins & Coulter,
2019). For example, at Malta Medical Center Inc., when staff members encounter
issues, they first address them with the head nurse for immediate resolution. The head
nurse seeks to resolve the matter promptly before escalating it to the chief nurse or
nursing supervisor. Simultaneously, the head nurse shares the concern in the
organization's group chat, involving all departments for consultation, and awaits a
decision from nursing administration or the president. This structured approach to
addressing issues ensures a consistent flow of information, and the combination of
centralized management facilitates effective communication and the realization of the
organization's vision. This clear representation of roles ensures that everyone within the
organization knows who to approach for inquiries and where to report concerns.

b.3. Group of Work segments

Workforce segmentation describes the process of classifying roles in an
organization and determining the value of each role in relation to the company's
strategic goals. The main purpose of the process is to determine which roles have a
disproportionate impact on the achievement of the organization's primary strategies and
goals. It aims to clarify the most important tasks for the organization, while the results
are used to prioritize investments in talent strategies and programs that increase
recruitment, engagement and retention. A workforce segmentation strategy allows an
organization to classify jobs not according to their hierarchical level, but rather based on
their impact on the organization's mission and strategy, and the difficulty of filling,
training, or retaining new or existing employees role (Wowledge, n.d.). For instance, the
medical equipment needs of a small rural hospital and a large urban hospital could
differ. Smaller hospitals could only need more basic, adaptable equipment that is
simpler to maintain, whereas larger hospitals might need high-volume, specialized
equipment that can handle a huge number of patients. Medical device makers can
create and promote goods that specifically address the requirements of each market
segment by taking these distinctions into account. Sales and customer satisfaction rise
as a result, since healthcare providers believe they are receiving the supplies and
assistance they require to deliver high-quality care (Linkedin, 2023).
In Malta Medical Center Inc., the workforce is structured into distinct segments,
taking into account factors like experience, knowledge, skills, background, and job roles.
The organizational framework encompasses functional work segments, where each
department utilizes its resources to fulfill specific functions.

b.4. Different Departments Comprising the Organization

Departments are the teams that have similar skills, it is more efficient to have a
staff with similar skills grouped together. They can easily team up on projects requiring
their expertise, and will have a backup expertise if one staff is unable to complete.
Individual employees perform a functional role in that specific department. Employees
working on a similar functions work together and share their expertise until the work is
completed (Forsyth, 2022)
According to Canialosi (2021), employees gain a holistic view of the
organization’s work.Knowing other subjects gives a broader picture. Learning about
what other departments are doing and working on collaborative projects with them are
tangible ways to learn about the other moving parts of an organization and how those
parts can work together to better accomplish the organization's mission. When
members of different teams communicate frequently, ask questions, and have a solid
understanding of the nature of each other's work.

There are several departments in Malta Medical Center Inc., namely:

Medical Department - Medical management strategies are designed to modify
consumer and provider behavior to improve the quality and outcome of healthcare
delivery.

Nursing Department - Deliver high quality efficient care. Nurses are actively involved in
improving both the quality and the efficiency of hospital care. They perform a variety of
roles in practice, leadership, training and quality improvement.
Pharmacy Department - Responsible for the procurement, storage, dispensing,
preparation, distribution and inventory of medications to optimize drug-therapy
management of inpatients and outpatients.

Radiology Department - To aid physicians in their efforts to diagnose and treat

disease by providing them with timely and reliable information obtained from
radiographic examinations using the least amount of radiation necessary for conducting
the radiographic examination.

Dietary Department - To provide energy, adequate nutrients and fluids tolerated by the
patient and adjusted according to their changing needs

Finance Department - Collects revenue, pays bills, and provides an overview of

financial records that enables senior executives to make data-driven decisions about a
company's viability and future growth

Medical Record Department - Responsible for proper storage, retrieval and

maintenance of confidentiality and security of the record.

b.4..1. Department heads

Departments are controlled by department heads. They oversee, manage, lead,
and train employees. They might also make objectives and carry out research. Heads of
departments make sure that everything runs properly on a daily basis (Betterteam,
2023).

Chairman of the Board: Warner C. Camarao MSPH

President and CEO: Dr. Warner C. Camarao MSPH
Hospital Administrator: Rosanne C. Camarao, RN, MSPH
Head of Ancillary Services: Miles Carcedo
Chief Nurse: Jenny Soriano

These are some of the department heads and the CEO of Malta Medical Center,
Inc., who are reliable and accessible through the internet (Linkedin, 2023). Other names
are not indicated above since there is no updated information found on the
organization’s website and the information obtained by the previous researchers are
outdated which cannot be used as a reliable source.

As indicated in the table above ,Malta Medical Center is divided into four
departments: In patient care department, OR department, RD department and ER
department. In total of 60 people work throughout all departments (Abal et al, 2021)

b.4..3. Type of work being performed

In organizations, top-level executives, such as CEOs, are primarily involved in
strategic decision-making, long-term planning, and providing visionary leadership. They
formulate policies, represent the organization externally, and ensure adherence to
ethical standards. In contrast, middle-level managers focus on translating strategic
initiatives into operational plans, supervising teams, coordinating resources, and solving
day-to-day operational challenges. They play a crucial role in communication, team
development, and resource allocation within their specific departments. While top-level
managers have a broad organizational impact, middle-level managers concentrate on
localized operational aspects, collectively contributing to the organization's success.
(The 3 Different Levels of Management, 2020)

Board of directors
Board directors are not only fulfilling shareholders' interests but also addressing
stakeholders' needs. Research and practice both point to a transformation of the
board's role, one that is not limited to maximizing shareholder wealth but also include
addressing the growing concerns about social and ecological practices in the real world
(Nour, 2019).

President and CEO

The CEO manages the company's operations, finance, marketing, sales, human
resources, legal, compliance, and technology while striking a balance between the
needs of stakeholders, consumers, investors, and employees. In the end, the CEO
bears the responsibility for the success or failure of the business. (Gambardella, n.d.)

Hospital Administrator
The hospital administrator holds two vital responsibilities: managing day-to-day
activities and overseeing service provision. These duties involve tasks such as fostering
effective communication among hospital departments and managing the budget for
daily expenses. Additionally, the administrator is tasked with supervising staff, ensuring
resources, physicians, and general facilities are adequately prepared to meet the needs
of patients (Iihnr, 2023)

Chief Clinics
Chief Clinical Officers (CCOs) are high-level healthcare managers overseeing all
clinical operations, including patient care, medical staff leadership, and quality
assurance. Successful CCOs possess strong team management skills and often
maintain hands-on clinical involvement. Many CCOs transition into leadership positions
after a background in medicine or nursing. (Chief Clinical Officer Job Description, 2022)

Chief Nurse
Chief Nursing Officers also known as chief nursing executives, play a crucial role
within healthcare organizations. Their responsibilities encompass overseeing consistent
operations, regularly interacting with department leaders, and evaluating staffing and
resource needs within various departments (What Is a Chief Nursing Officer, 2023)
Nurse Supervisor
A nursing supervisor, a key clinical position, oversees patient care on a unit.
Responsibilities include managing nursing staff, ensuring quality standards, and serving
as a liaison with administration to provide necessary resources. They play a vital role in
patient care by supervising staff, developing care plans, and assessing patient progress
(How to Become a Nurse Supervisor, 2022)
Head nurses
Head nurses are employed in various medical settings, including hospitals,
treatment centers, or nursing homes, typically in larger facilities requiring coordinated
nursing teams. While performing similar functions as other nurses, head nurses hold
managerial positions and are often responsible for entire sections of facilities. Their role
involves effective communication with upper management and doctors (Contributor,
2021)

Staff nurse
Registered Nurse plays a crucial role in healthcare by closely monitoring and
assessing patients to deliver optimal care and guidance. Their responsibilities
encompass observing and interpreting symptoms, effectively communicating with
physicians, and collaborating with fellow healthcare professionals to develop
personalized care plans. In addition to administering medications, they coordinate
overall patient care, provide education to patients and their families, and maintain a safe
and comfortable healthcare environment (Workable, 2015).

Non nursing service

Operations management in healthcare institutions involves the systematic
planning, organization, and control of various activities. This encompasses the
management of both clinical and non-clinical operations within the healthcare
organization. The main goal of hospital operations management is to guarantee the
efficient and effective execution of all activities (Operations Management in Hospitals,
2022)
b.5. Interrelationships of different departments
An organization's internal and external environments interact or have an
interrelationship, sometimes called a correlation. Different activities are caused by or
have an impact on by the interaction of internal and external organizational elements.
The aim of the interrelationships among various organizational systems is to ascertain
and clarify the successes and failures of the business. The ways in which different
business systems interact with one another and the business environment define the
impact that each system has.
In the previous researchers' interview, Ma'am Patricia, the head of nursing
services, stated that one unique quality that distinguishes Malta Medical Center Inc.
from other healthcare facilities is that all departments work together and communicate
with one another to address challenges. Given her youthful age in comparison to her
peers, she faced difficulties during her first stint as head nurse. In particular, she
became the head nurse when she was 23 years old. To make staff scheduling during
vacation periods easier to manage, the head of the nursing services department
developed a staff pattern. All relationships with chiefs, managers, staff, and other
departments started with the nursing service department. Formerly, the head of the
nursing service department received reports from the head of the operation room and
the urinalysis. Everything began in the ward, but the chiefs of each section were divided
because there weren't enough of them (Abal et al., 2021).
 There are five members of the committee. The initial participant is Dr. Warner C.
Camarao, MSPH, who serves as the organization's president, chairman of the board,
and in charge of the CEO. Roseann A. Camarao, RN, MSPH, is the second member
acts as the administrator of the hospital. The third participant is Dr. Mary Fe Enriquez
presently serves as the Medical Director. RN, MAN CHA, Jenny Ann B. Soriano is the
director of nursing services and is the fourth member. And lastly, Warner C. Camarao,
is the Director of Ancillary Service. Every person that makes up the committee has
specific duties and duties to do. To enable the committee's interaction with one another
for its participants, efficient coordination and communication are thought to be crucial.
These procedures are crucial to guaranteeing the precision and correctness of their
work, therefore reducing the likelihood of mistakes. There are attempts made to
guarantee connection in the processes of planning, problem-solving, and decision-
making. By guaranteeing that their effort has produced a good result and that its
progression has been smooth, people can successfully combine and share their work
with others, eventually reaching the intended level of achievement (Abal et al., 2021)

b.6. Communication
Communication refers to the process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts,
and feelings within an organization. As it is seen to be essential to accomplishing
organizational goals and objectives, effective communication is vital to the efficient
operation of any organization. Information is communicated, plans are made, decisions
are made, and relationships are cultivated through the sending of messages between
people or organizations. Through the exchange of knowledge and understanding,
communication helps to close the gap that exists between individuals and groups.
Employees within the organization will eventually get along well and feel at ease with
one another if there is excellent communication (Sanchez, 2019).
The Malta Medical Centre applies vertical communication that includes upward
and downward communication. In vertical communication, employees are given the
opportunity to provide input, but the top management makes the final call. Also allows
management to speak with staff members and provide them space to voice their issues
(Griffin, 2019). The nursing service department must maintain internal communication
channels, strictly adhere to the chain of command, and submit communication letters
appropriately. The head nurse ensures hierarchy adherence in face-to-face interactions,
addressing concerns from other departments. Staff members are required to submit
communication letters for their concerns. When seeking advice from the nurse
supervisor, the head nurse follows the chain of command, ultimately reaching the
hospital administrator and department heads through the chief nurse. Malta Medical
Center Inc. sets itself apart by allowing the head nurse to openly communicate with vital
stakeholders, including the hospital administrator, department heads, and the human
resources department. This accessibility is consistently maintained for inquiries,
suggestions, or reports from the head nurse. The hospital distinguishes itself through
transparent communication practices, exemplified by a weekly reporting system held
every Wednesday. This system addresses the head nurse's concerns, identifies
problems, and proposes improvements for the nursing service departments. In cases
where face-to-face communication is impractical, the hospital uses Facebook
Messenger services and group chats to promptly address concerns, especially on
weekends and holidays. The human resource department is responsible for sharing
important updates and meeting details in hospital announcements. In virtual settings,
the Facebook Messenger app is used for efficient communication among all employees.
Thus, communication is the key to the directing function of management.

To enhance communication effectiveness between the organization and patients, the

following practices are implemented:

1. Monthly meetings
2. Utilization of a telephone system
3. Engagement through online platforms (messenger, emails, facebook)
4. Distribution of memoranda
5. Display of announcements on bulletin boards
6. Weekly reporting conducted every Wednesday

Communication with and from patients is carried out by: Visits from the consultant,
resident doctors, nursing aides, other department members, or staff responsible for
patient care, and the nurse providing attentive care to the patient.

Communication Flow

A. Downward Communication Flow

Downward communication involves the transmission of crucial messages from
top-level management to employees at lower levels within the organization. Typically
initiated by executives at the C-level, such as the CEO, this communication is then
disseminated by managers to their respective teams. This form of communication plays
a vital role in maintaining organizational alignment, ensuring that all members are well-
informed about the company's goals and objectives (Turner, 2023).
At Malta Medical Center Inc., messages from top-level management, particularly
the board of directors, president, chief of clinics, hospital administrator and chief nurse,
will be relayed via middle level management, which include the nurse supervisor and
heads of other departments. Afterward, this communicated information will be shared
with the first level of management, consisting of the staff nurses and head nurse.

B. Upward Communication Flow

Upward communication refers to the way in which employees provide feedback
to their managers and leadership within the company. The insights gained from
employees are instrumental for managers in preventing the departure of valuable talent
and improving outcomes through the restructuring of processes. Moreover, it plays a
role in promoting a more inclusive work environment within organizations (Coursera,
2023).
At Malta Medical Center Inc. the communication structure encourages upward
flow, allowing lower-level management, like the unit head nurse and staff nurses, to
address concerns formally. Issues are escalated from the first management tier to the
second, involving nurse supervisor, non-nursing services heads and ultimately to the
highest level, the chief nurse, chief of clinics, hospital administrator, president and board
of directors, for assessment and decisions. This system facilitates the exchange of
information and suggestions from frontline departments to improve daily operations and
enhance the quality of care provided.

C. Diagonal Communication Flow

Diagonal communication is a hybrid form that combines aspects of both vertical
and horizontal communication. It entails direct exchanges between employees of
varying hierarchical levels who are not part of the same chain of command (Slack,
2021). Malta Medical Center Inc. (MMCI) indicates that the organization's efficient
information flow is a result of its commitment to keeping communication channels open.
Notably, the chief nurse is empowered to directly communicate with other department
heads.
c. Informal Organization
Informal organization refers to how an organization functions in practice, distinct
from its officially designated roles and responsibilities. This concept focuses on the
informal patterns of activity and interpersonal relationships within an organization that
may not be explicitly outlined in an organizational chart or personnel manual. It provides
insight into the real dynamics that occur as members of an organization carry out their
duties. The informal organization can align with, run parallel to, or diverge from the
formal organizational structure (Smith, 2019).
The informal organization refers to the interconnected social framework that
dictates how individuals collaborate in practical settings. It encompasses the collective
norms, personal and professional connections that facilitate work and foster
relationships among individuals sharing a common organizational affiliation or a cluster
of affiliations. This includes a dynamic collection of personal relationships, social
networks, communities of shared interests, and emotional motivators. The informal
organization undergoes evolution, reflecting the intricate social dynamics of its
members. The organizational structure at Malta Medical Centre is recognized and
officially documented. Informal organizations are utilized solely for socialization
purposes.

c.1. Goals and Objectives

Goals signify the intended results of a business's activities, while objectives are
typically precise, quantifiable actions with designated timeframes for completion.
Achieving a goal generally involves fulfilling or accomplishing various objectives, which
can be viewed as constituent elements of a goal. Goals are frequently reiterated over
time, whereas objectives are specific and executed within a single period, not recurring.
Additionally, both goals and objectives can be subdivided by divisions, functional areas,
or teams within the organization. At higher organizational levels, goals and objectives
are more expensive, becoming more specific, focused, and time-bound as they descend
through the organizational hierarchy (Gordon, 2022).

Malta Medical Centre employs informal organization with the aim of fostering
open interaction conducive to the department's efficiency and successful task
completion.
 1. Foster positive attitudes to become the top choice for patients in the Toril area.
2. Cultivate a healthy organizational environment, emphasizing communication,
teamwork, and patient satisfaction through compassionate care infused with
Christian love.
3. Treat each individual uniquely.
4. Ensure employees understand the communication flow within the organization.
5. Attain goals related to social satisfaction.

c.2. Characteristics of Informal Organizations

Informal organizations exhibit the following characteristics:

1. Spontaneous Formation: Informal organizations naturally form among members

who share common interests, relationships, or goals, without intentional planning.
2. Social Structure: They exhibit a social structure that guides interactions and
relationships within the organization, extending beyond the formal organizational
boundaries.
3. Dynamic Nature: Informal organizations are flexible and responsive, adapting
over time to meet the evolving needs and dynamics of their members.
4. Effective Communication: Informal organizations facilitate effective
communication among members, often allowing for more streamlined and open
exchanges compared to formal channels.
5. Common Interests: Members of informal organizations have mutual interests,
goals, or affiliations, fostering a sense of unity and connection.

Informal organizations naturally arise among members with shared interests,

fostering adaptability and efficient communication. These groups, extending beyond
formal structures, promote unity and collaboration within an organization.