Relations, Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Self Practice Problem :

(1) If (2x + y, 7) = (5, y – 3) then find x and y.

(2) If A × B = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 6), (7, 2), (7, 3), (7, 6)} then find sets A and B.

(3) If A = {x, y, z} and B = {1, 2} then find number of relations from A to B.

(4) Write R = {(4x + 3, 1 – x) : x  2, x  N}

5
Answers (1) x = – , y = 10 (2) A = {1, 7}, B = {2, 3, 6}
2
(3) 64 (4) {(7, 0), (11, –1)}

TYPES OF RELATIONS :

In this section we intend to define various types of relations on a given set A.

(i) Void relation : Let A be a set. Then   A × A and so it is a relation on A. This relation is
called the void or empty relation on A.

(ii) Universal relation : Let A be a set. Then A × A  A × A and so it is a relation on A. This

relation is called the universal relation on A.

(iii) Identity relation : Let A be a set. Then the relation IA = {(a, a) : a  A} on A is called the
identity relation on A. In other words, a relation IA on A is called the identity relation if every
element of A is related to itself only.

(iv) Reflexive relation : A relation R on a set A is said to be reflexive if every element of A is

related to itself. Thus, R on a set A is not reflexive if there exists an element a  A such that
(a, a)  R.

Note : Every identity relation is reflexive but every reflexive relation in not identity.
(v) Symmetric relation : A relation R on a set A is said to be a symmetric relation

iff (a, b)  R  (b ,a)  R for all a, b  A. i.e. a R b  b R a for all a, b  A.

(vi) Transitive relation : Let A be any set. A relation R on A is said to be a transitive relation

iff (a, b)  R and (b, c)  R  (a, c)  R for all a, b, c  A

i.e. a R b and b R c  a R c for all a, b, c  A

(vii) Equivalence relation : A relation R on a set A is said to be an equivalence relation on A iff

(i) it is reflexive i.e. (a, a)  R for all a  A

(ii) it is symmetric i.e. (a, b)  R  (b, a)  R for all a, b  A

(iii) it is transitive i.e. (a, b)  R and (b, c)  R  (a, c)  R for all a, b  A

Reg. & Corp. Office : CG Tower, A-46 & 52, IPIA, Near City Mall, Jhalawar Road, Kota (Raj.)-324005
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 Relations, Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Self Practice Problem :

(1) If (2x + y, 7) = (5, y – 3) then find x and y.

(2) If A × B = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 6), (7, 2), (7, 3), (7, 6)} then find sets A and B.

(3) If A = {x, y, z} and B = {1, 2} then find number of relations from A to B.

(4) Write R = {(4x + 3, 1 – x) : x  2, x  N}

5
Answers (1) x = – , y = 10 (2) A = {1, 7}, B = {2, 3, 6}
2
(3) 64 (4) {(7, 0), (11, –1)}

TYPES OF RELATIONS :

In this section we intend to define various types of relations on a given set A.

(i) Void relation : Let A be a set. Then   A × A and so it is a relation on A. This relation is
called the void or empty relation on A.

(ii) Universal relation : Let A be a set. Then A × A  A × A and so it is a relation on A. This

relation is called the universal relation on A.

(iii) Identity relation : Let A be a set. Then the relation IA = {(a, a) : a  A} on A is called the
identity relation on A. In other words, a relation IA on A is called the identity relation if every
element of A is related to itself only.

(iv) Reflexive relation : A relation R on a set A is said to be reflexive if every element of A is

related to itself. Thus, R on a set A is not reflexive if there exists an element a  A such that
(a, a)  R.

Note : Every identity relation is reflexive but every reflexive relation in not identity.
(v) Symmetric relation : A relation R on a set A is said to be a symmetric relation

iff (a, b)  R  (b ,a)  R for all a, b  A. i.e. a R b  b R a for all a, b  A.

(vi) Transitive relation : Let A be any set. A relation R on A is said to be a transitive relation

iff (a, b)  R and (b, c)  R  (a, c)  R for all a, b, c  A

i.e. a R b and b R c  a R c for all a, b, c  A

(vii) Equivalence relation : A relation R on a set A is said to be an equivalence relation on A iff

(i) it is reflexive i.e. (a, a)  R for all a  A

(ii) it is symmetric i.e. (a, b)  R  (b, a)  R for all a, b  A

(iii) it is transitive i.e. (a, b)  R and (b, c)  R  (a, c)  R for all a, b  A

Reg. & Corp. Office : CG Tower, A-46 & 52, IPIA, Near City Mall, Jhalawar Road, Kota (Raj.)-324005
Website : www.resonance.ac.in | E-mail : [email protected]
ADVRFITF - 2
Toll Free : 1800 258 5555 | CIN: U80302RJ2007PLC024029
 Relations, Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Self Practice Problem :

(1) If (2x + y, 7) = (5, y – 3) then find x and y.

(2) If A × B = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 6), (7, 2), (7, 3), (7, 6)} then find sets A and B.

(3) If A = {x, y, z} and B = {1, 2} then find number of relations from A to B.

(4) Write R = {(4x + 3, 1 – x) : x  2, x  N}

5
Answers (1) x = – , y = 10 (2) A = {1, 7}, B = {2, 3, 6}
2
(3) 64 (4) {(7, 0), (11, –1)}

TYPES OF RELATIONS :

In this section we intend to define various types of relations on a given set A.

(i) Void relation : Let A be a set. Then   A × A and so it is a relation on A. This relation is
called the void or empty relation on A.

(ii) Universal relation : Let A be a set. Then A × A  A × A and so it is a relation on A. This

relation is called the universal relation on A.

(iii) Identity relation : Let A be a set. Then the relation IA = {(a, a) : a  A} on A is called the
identity relation on A. In other words, a relation IA on A is called the identity relation if every
element of A is related to itself only.

(iv) Reflexive relation : A relation R on a set A is said to be reflexive if every element of A is

related to itself. Thus, R on a set A is not reflexive if there exists an element a  A such that
(a, a)  R.

Note : Every identity relation is reflexive but every reflexive relation in not identity.
(v) Symmetric relation : A relation R on a set A is said to be a symmetric relation

iff (a, b)  R  (b ,a)  R for all a, b  A. i.e. a R b  b R a for all a, b  A.

(vi) Transitive relation : Let A be any set. A relation R on A is said to be a transitive relation

iff (a, b)  R and (b, c)  R  (a, c)  R for all a, b, c  A

i.e. a R b and b R c  a R c for all a, b, c  A

(vii) Equivalence relation : A relation R on a set A is said to be an equivalence relation on A iff

(i) it is reflexive i.e. (a, a)  R for all a  A

(ii) it is symmetric i.e. (a, b)  R  (b, a)  R for all a, b  A

(iii) it is transitive i.e. (a, b)  R and (b, c)  R  (a, c)  R for all a, b  A

Reg. & Corp. Office : CG Tower, A-46 & 52, IPIA, Near City Mall, Jhalawar Road, Kota (Raj.)-324005
Website : www.resonance.ac.in | E-mail : [email protected]
ADVRFITF - 2
Toll Free : 1800 258 5555 | CIN: U80302RJ2007PLC024029