Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B
Exponential Functions
7
Consolidation Exercise Solution
x
Consolidation Exercise 7B 4
3. (a) The corresponding function is y = .
1. (a) f(4) = 34 3
x
= 81 1
(b) The corresponding function is y = .
(b) g(–2) = 0.2−2 4
x
= 25 1−x
(c) y = 8 =
(c) f(–1) + g(1) = 3−1 + 0.21 8
1 1 The corresponding function is y = 8x.
= + x
3 5 1 1
8 (d) y = x =
= 9 9
15
The corresponding function is y = 9x.
(d) f (0.4) g ( 3) = 30.4 0.2 3
1 10
(e) =
= 0.095 5, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 0.3 3
x
10
The corresponding function is y = .
2. (a) ∵ 6 > 1 3
∴ The value of the exponential function 1
(f) = 0.4
2.5
increases.
The corresponding function is y = 0.4x.
(b) ∵ 0.4 < 1
∴ The value of the exponential function
4. (a) The coordinates of P are (0 , 1).
decreases.
(b) ∵ C1 is the reflection image of C2 with
1
(c) ∵ <1 respect to the y-axis.
6
∴ The value of the exponential function 1
∴ b=
0.25
decreases.
=4
(d) ∵ 1.2 > 1
∴ The value of the exponential function
5. The corresponding exponentia l function for C1 is
increases.
x y = 3x.
1
(e) y = 3−x = The corresponding exponentia l function for C2 is
3
1 y = 7 x.
∵ <1
3
∴ The value of the exponential function 6. The corresponding exponentia l function for C3 is
decreases.
y = 8x.
x
1 1
(f) y = = The corresponding exponentia l function for C4 is
5x 5 x
1
∵
1
<1 y = .
5 2
∴ The value of the exponential function
decreases.
© Oxford University Press 2023 1 4B07 Consolidation Exercise 7B Solution
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B
7. The corresponding exponentia l function for C5 is (b) The coordinates of P are (0 , 1).
y = 0.3 .
x
(c) (i) When x 0, y 1.
The corresponding exponentia l function for C6 is (ii) When x > 0, 0 < y < 1.
x
3
y= .
5 11. (a) x −2 −1 0 1 2
y 4 2 1 0.5 0.25
(b) y
8. The corresponding exponentia l function for C7 is
4
y = 0.7 x.
3
The corresponding exponentia l function for C8 is
y = 3− x. + 2
The corresponding exponentia l function for C9 is 1
y = 2−x
y = 3.5 .
x
x
−2 −1 0 1 2
9. (a) x −2 −1 0 1 2 (c) The coordinates of the point where the graph
y 0.16 0.4 1 2.5 6.25
cuts the y-axis are (0 , 1).
y
(d) (i) When 0 < y < 1, x > 0.
7
y = 2.5x (ii) When y 1, x 0.
6
5 12. When t = 4,
P = 320 000(0.85)4
4
= 167 042
3
∴ The value of the machine after 4 years is
2 $167 042.
1
13. (a) When x = 0,
x
−2 −1 0 1 2 V = 2 500(0.95)0
= 2 500
(b) The y-intercept of the graph is 1.
∴ The present selling price of the tablet
(c) (i) When x 0, y 1.
computer is $2 500.
(ii) When x < 0, 0 < y < 1.
(b) When x = 6,
V = 2 500(0.95)6
10. (a) x −2 −1 0 1 2
25 5 = 1 840, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
y 1 0.6 0.36
9 3 ∴ The selling price of the tablet computer
y after 6 months is $1 840.
3
2
+
1 x
y = 0.6
x
−2 −1 0 1 2
© Oxford University Press 2023 2 4B07 Consolidation Exercise 7B Solution
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B
14. (a) When the tree was planted for 10 years, t = 0. 17. (a) When t = 0, N = 100 000.
d = 20(1.02)0 ∴ 100 000 = a(0.95)0
= 20 a = 100 000
∴ The diameter of the trunk of the tree (b) At the end of 2025, t = 2 025 − 2 020 = 5 and
after it was planted for 10 years is N = 100 000(0.95)5
20 cm. = 77 378, cor. to the nearest integer
(b) When the tree was planted for 13 years, t = 3. ∴ The number of the animals at the end of
d = 20(1.02)3 2025 is 77 378.
= 21.2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The diameter of the trunk of the tree 18. (a) In 2026, t = 2 026 − 2 024 = 2 and V = 22 050.
after it was planted for 13 years is ∴ 22 050 = 20 000k2
21.2 cm. k2 = 1.102 5
k = 1.05 or −1.05 (rejected)
15. When t = 2, (b) In 2028, t = 2 028 − 2 024 = 4 and
2
R = 6 000 + 1 250(0.84) V = 20 000(1.05)4
= 6 882 = 24 300, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The number of birds in the forest after ∴ The course fee of the training course in
2 weeks is 6 882. 2028 is $24 300.
16. (a) When t = 2, N = 4 050. 19. (a) When t = 1, W = 78.4.
∴ 4 050 = k(0.9) 2
∴ 78.4 = 80p1
k = 5 000 p = 0.98
(b) When t = 0, (b) When t = 12,
N = 5 000(0.9)0 W = 80(0.98)12
= 5 000 = 62.8, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The number of bacteria at the beginning Weight that Mary has lost
of the experiment is 5 000. = (80 − 62.8) kg
(c) When t = 5, = 17.2 kg
5
N = 5 000(0.9) < 20 kg
= 2 952, cor. to the nearest integer ∴ The claim is disagreed.
∴ The number of bacteria after 5 hours is
2 952. 20. y
y = 6−x y = 6x
x
O
© Oxford University Press 2023 3 4B07 Consolidation Exercise 7B Solution
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B
21. (a) Substitute x = −2 and y = 9 into y = ax. 24. (a) The coordinates of P are (0 , 1).
9 = a−2 (b) From the figure, when x = 1, b1 < a1 < c1.
1 ∴ b<a<c
9= 2
a (c) From the figure, 0 < b < a < 1 and c > 1.
1
a2 = ∵ c>1
9
1 1 ∴ ac > a
a = or − (rejected)
3 3 ∴ ac > a > b
x
(b) ∵ The graph of y = b is the reflection ∴ The claim is agreed.
image of the graph of y = ax with respect
to the y-axis. 25. (a) At the beginning of the research, t = 0 and
1 N = 50 000.
∴ b=
1 ∴ 50 000 = a(1.06)0
3
a = 50 000
=3
(b) When t = 3,
N = 50 000(1.06)3
22. (a) From the figure,
= 59 551, cor. to the nearest integer
when x = 1, a1 > b1
∴ The number of that kind of fish in the
a>b
pond 3 months from the beginning of the
∴ a > b is true.
(b) ∵ The graph of y = ax is the reflection research is 59 551.
1
x (c) When t = 2,
image of the graph of y = with
5 N = 50 000(1.06)2
respect to the y-axis. When t = 5,
1
∴ a= =5 N = 50 000(1.06)5
1
5 Number of that kind of fish increased
From (a), a > b from t = 2 to t = 5
b<5 = 50 000(1.06)5 − 50 000(1.06)2
From the figure, b > 1. = 10 731, cor. to the nearest integer
∴ 1 < b < 5 is true.
26. (a) When t = 3, P = 4 645.
23. (a) ∵ The graph of y = ax is the reflection ∴ 4 645 = 1 000 + k(0.9)3
image of the graph of y = 4x with respect 3 645 = k(0.9)3
to the y-axis. k = 5 000
1 (b) When t = 0,
∴ a=
4 P = 1 000 + 5 000(0.9)0
(b) From the figure, = 6 000
1
1 When t = 12,
when x = 1, b1 <
4 P = 1 000 + 5 000(0.9)12
1
b< Depreciation of the smart phone
4
1 = ${6 000 − [1 000 + 5 000(0.9)12]}
∴ The value of b is not greater than .
4 = $3 590, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
© Oxford University Press 2023 4 4B07 Consolidation Exercise 7B Solution
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B
27. (a) When t = 1, V = 186 000. (b) For t 0, 0 < 0.8t 1.
∴ 186 000 = 200 000a1 ∴ 30 + 70(0.8)t 30 + 70 1
a = 0.93 T 100
(b) In 2028, t = 2 028 − 2 024 = 4 and ∴ The temperature of the air inside the
V = 200 000(0.93)4 balloon cannot be higher than 100C.
Decrease in the value of the car
= $[200 000 − 200 000(0.93)4] 31. (a) In 2023, t = 2 023 − 2 020 = 3 and
= $50 400, cor. to 3 sig. fig. V = 1 889 568.
∴ 1 889 568 = 1 500 000k3
28. (a) When x = 2, Q = 121. k3 = 1.259 712
∴ 121 = 100k2 k = 1.08
k2 = 1.21 (b) In 2022, t = 2 022 − 2 020 = 2 and
k = 1.1 or −1.1 (rejected) V = 1 500 000(1.08)2.
(b) For x 0, 1.1x 1. In 2026, t = 2 026 − 2 020 = 6 and
∴ 100(1.1) 100 1
x
V = 1 500 000(1.08)6.
Q 100 Percentage increase in the value of the flat
∴ The amount of the pollutant in the air 1 500 000(1.08)6 − 1 500 000(1.08)2
= 100%
cannot be less than 100 units. 1 500 000(1.08)2
= 36%, cor. to the nearest integer
29. (a) When k = 2, N = 120 000. < 40%
∴ 120 000 = p + 80 000(1.15) 2
∴ The owner will not sell the flat.
p = 14 200
(b) For k 0, 1.15k 1. 32. (a) When t = 0, A = 80.
∴ 14 200 + 80 000(1.15 ) 14 200 + 80 000 1
k
∴ 80 = ka0
N 94 200 k = 80
∴ It is not possible that the monthly (b) (i) When t = 1, A = 56.
number of visitors in the theme park is ∴ 56 = 80a1
less than 93 000. a = 0.7
(ii) When t = 6,
30. (a) When t = 2, T = 74.8. A = 80(0.7)6
∴ 74.8 = 30 + 70a2 = 9.411 92
44.8 = 70a2 < 10
2
a = 0.64 ∴ The amount of the medicine in the
a = 0.8 or −0.8 (rejected) body of the patient is less than
When t = 3, 10 mg after 6 hours.
T = 30 + 70(0.8)3
= 65.84
∴ The temperature of the air inside the
balloon after 3 hours is 65.84C.
© Oxford University Press 2023 5 4B07 Consolidation Exercise 7B Solution
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B
33. (a) In 2022, n = 2 022 − 2 020 = 2 and
A = 605 000.
∴ 605 000 = 500 000r2
r2 = 1.21
r = 1.1 or −1.1 (rejected)
(b) In 2024, n = 2 024 − 2 020 = 4 and
A = 500 000(1.1)4
= 732 050
∴ The amount obtained by Cindy in 2024
is $732 050.
(c) From (b), P = 732 050(1.2)t.
In 2030, t = 2 030 − 2 015 = 5 and
P = 732 050(1.2)5
= 1 821 575, cor. to the nearest integer
> 1 800 000
∴ Cindy will obtain an amount more than
$1 800 000 in 2030.
∴ The claim is agreed.
34. (a) When t = 1, N = 440.
∴ 440 = P(1 − 0.41) + 200
240 = P(0.6)
P = 400
(b) For t 0, 0 < 0.4t 1.
N − N1
= [400(1 − 0.4t) + 200] − [300 − 100(0.16)t]
= 400 − 400(0.4t) + 200 − 300 + 100(0.42)t
= 100(0.4t)2 − 400(0.4t) + 300
= 100[(0.4t)2 − 4(0.4t) + 3]
= 100(0.4t − 1)(0.4t − 3)
∵ 0.4t − 1 0 and 0.4t − 3 < 0 for t 0.
∴ (0.4t − 1)(0.4t − 3) 0 for t 0.
i.e. N − N1 0 for t 0.
∴ It is not possible that the carbon dioxide
level in cinema B is greater than that in
cinema A.
© Oxford University Press 2023 6 4B07 Consolidation Exercise 7B Solution
