QUOTING

Quoting is an important technique used to include information from outside sources in

academic writing. When using quotations, it is important that you also cite the original
reference that you have taken the quotation from, as your citations provide your reader
with a map of the research that you have done. Making effective use of quotations in
your writing requires you to carefully assess the value of including someone else’s own
words in the advancement of your own argument.

Quoting: to repeat or copy out (a group of words from a text or speech), typically with an
indication that one is not the original author or speaker.

Quoting means copying a passage of someone else's words and crediting the source.
To quote a source, you must ensure: The quoted text is enclosed in quotation marks or
formatted as a block quote. The original author is correctly cited. The text is identical to the
original.

What is quoting in academic writing?

Quoting is an important technique used to include information from outside sources

in academic writing. Making effective use of quotations in your writing requires
you to carefully assess the value of including someone else's own words in the
advancement of your own argument. .

What are the three types of quotations?

 In-text quotes. An in-text quote is a short quote that fits into and completes a
sentence you've written.
 Indirect quotes. An indirect quote is when you paraphrase ideas from a source.
 Direct quotes. A direct quote is when you take text directly from a source without
changing anything.

How do you write a quote in a research paper?

Write as long a quote as it meets the requirement of your research. You have to
cite the author's last name, year of publication and page number in the text along
with the quotation. The quotation marks should make the quotation well
recognizable from your own words
PARAPHRASING
Paraphrasing means formulating someone else's ideas in your own words.
To paraphrase a source, you have to rewrite a passage without changing
the meaning of the original text.

The purpose of paraphrasing is often to summarize or simplify the author's ideas,

making them easier to understand, more approachable. You might also
use paraphrase to emphasize a particular idea or train of thought from the original
author's text.

Steps to paraphrasing:

Read the original text until you grasp its meaning; then set it aside. Using your
memory, write down the main points or concepts. Do not copy the text verbatim.
Change the structure of the text by varying the opening, changing the order of
sentences, lengthening or shortening sentences, etc.

Sometimes you only need to paraphrase the information from one sentence. Here
are some examples of paraphrasing individual sentences: Original: Her life
spanned years of incredible change for women as they gained more rights than ever
before. Paraphrase: She lived through the exciting era of women's liberation.

Examples of Paraphrasing Without Plagiarizing

Paraphrasing involves taking a passage — either spoken or written — and rewording it.
Writers often paraphrase sentences and paragraphs to deliver information in a more
concise way, as you'll see in the examples below. When paraphrasing, it is important to
keep the original meaning so that the facts remain intact. Basically, you are writing
something in your own words that still expresses the original idea.
Paraphrasing is common when writing an essay or research paper. It allows you to
explain important ideas in your own writing style and focus on the information that is
most useful in making your point. Even when you put someone else's ideas into your
own words, you must cite the source of your information. This gives credit to the original
author for their ideas.
Paraphrasing is slightly different than summarizing. When you summarize a passage,
you focus on restating only the main idea in your own words. Paraphrasing, on the other
hand, aims to provide most of the information in a slightly condensed
form. Summaries are much shorter than the original passage, while paraphrasing can
be shorter, longer or the same length.

Paraphrasing Sentences
Sometimes you only need to paraphrase the information from one sentence. Here are
some examples of paraphrasing individual sentences:

 Original: Her life spanned years of incredible change for women as they gained
more rights than ever before.
Paraphrase: She lived through the exciting era of women's liberation.

 Original: Giraffes like Acacia leaves and hay, and they can consume 75 pounds
of food a day.
Paraphrase: A giraffe can eat up to 75 pounds of Acacia leaves and hay daily.

 Original: Any trip to Italy should include a visit to Tuscany to sample the region's
exquisite wines.
Paraphrase: Be sure to make time for a Tuscan wine-tasting experience when
visiting Italy.

 Original: Symptoms of influenza include fever and nasal congestion.

Paraphrase: A stuffy nose and elevated temperature are signs you may have the
flu.

 Original: The price of a resort vacation typically includes meals, tips and
equipment rentals, which makes your trip more cost-effective.
Paraphrase: All-inclusive resort vacations can make for an economical trip.

 Original: He has tons of stuff to throw away.

Paraphrase: He needs to get rid of a lot of junk.

PLAGIARISM
Plagiarism is presenting someone else's work or ideas as your own, with or without
their consent, by incorporating it into your work without full
acknowledgement. ... Plagiarism may be intentional or reckless, or unintentional.
It is the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's
own.
Plagiarism is the act of copying or stealing someone else's words or ideas and
passing them off as your own work.

Generally, plagiarism is not in itself a crime, but like counterfeiting fraud can be
punished in a court for prejudices caused by copyright infringement, violation of
moral rights, or torts. In academia and industry, it is a serious ethical offense.

It is expected that authors to exercise stringent care to avoid plagiarism:

 Don't copy. ...
 Write in your own words. ...
 When in doubt, cite. ...
 Don't recycle images, figures, tables or text from one of your own previously
published papers without citing. ...
 Ask permission.

How to avoid plagiarism

1. Keep track of the sources you consult in your research.
2. Paraphrase or quote from your sources (and add your own ideas).
3. Credit the original author in an in-text citation and reference list.
4. Use a plagiarism checker before you submit.

Here are some examples of Plagiarism:

https://resources.library.lemoyne.edu/guides/academicintegrity/example-
plagiarism

Accessed 12 February 2021 at 11.15

 Turning in someone else's work as your own.

 Copying large pieces of text from a source without citing that source.
 Taking passages from multiple sources, piecing them together, and turning in the
work as your own.
 Copying from a source but changing a few words and phrases to disguise
plagiarism.
 Paraphrasing from a number of different sources without citing those sources.
 Turning in work that you did for another class without getting your professor's
permission first.
 Buying an essay or paper and turning it in as your own work.
 copying a paper from the Internet, put your name on it and turn it in as if you wrote it.

It is possible to cite sources but still plagiarize. Here are some examples:
 Mentioning an author or source within your paper without including a full citation in
your bibliography.
 Citing a source with inaccurate information, making it impossible to find that source.
 Using a direct quote from a source, citing that source, but failing to put quotation
marks around the copied text.
 Paraphrasing from multiple cited sources without including any original work.

Source: "Types of Plagiarism". Plagiarism.org

<http://www.plagiarism.org/plag_article_types_of_plagiarism.html>