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Lect#3 DesignByCBR Method

The document discusses flexible pavement design using the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) method. It describes how the CBR test is used to evaluate subgrade soil strength and determine minimum pavement thickness. It provides an example of using a CBR design chart to find the required thickness for a taxiway pavement with a given subgrade CBR and wheel load.

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ismailwajeh09
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12 views

Lect#3 DesignByCBR Method

The document discusses flexible pavement design using the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) method. It describes how the CBR test is used to evaluate subgrade soil strength and determine minimum pavement thickness. It provides an example of using a CBR design chart to find the required thickness for a taxiway pavement with a given subgrade CBR and wheel load.

Uploaded by

ismailwajeh09
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Flexible Pavement Design

by CBR Method
Prof. Mustafa Aytekin

Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 1


Subgrade Soil Strength
Assessed in terms of CBR of subgrade soil for most
critical moisture conditions.

Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 2


California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test:
The Californian Bearing Ratio (CBR) test is a
penetration test used to evaluate the subgrade strength of
roads and pavements. The results of these tests are used
with the curves to determine the thickness of pavement
and its component layers. This is the most widely used
method for the design of flexible pavement.

The CBR test was developed by the California Division of


Highways to classify and evaluate soil-sub grade and
base coarse materials for flexible pavements. An
empirical test, the CBR test has been used to determine
the material properties for pavement design.

Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 3


California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test:
The CBR test is a penetration test in which a standard
piston, with a diameter of 50 mm (1.969 in), is used to
penetrate the soil at a standard rate of 1.25 mm/minute.
The pressure up to a penetration of 2.5 mm is measured
and its ratio to the bearing value of a standard crushed
rock is termed as the CBR.
Video link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYSOk-L9x4g&feature=youtu.be

Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 4


The CBR value is expressed as a percentage of the actual load causing the penetrations
of 2.5 mm or 5.0 mm to the standard loads mentioned above. The CBR can therefore be
mathematically expressed as:

Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 5


British Units

Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 6


SI Units

Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 7


Standard CBR curve and Correction
on the curve of subgrade material

Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 8


Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 9
Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 10
Example:
Determine the CBR value for a material (such as a
subgrade soil) shown below.

Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 11


Run a CBR Lab Test by using the material

Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 12


Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 13
Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 14
Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 15
I. Pavement Design
The Mechanics of the Design
Determine
• The CBR values of the subgrade
• The type of use expected (runways vs. taxiways)
• The expected wheel load during service
• Types of CBR materials available for the construction
2. Primary Goals
• Total strength of each layer only as good as what is
beneath it
 Therefore, must meet minimum thickness requirements
 Use inexpensive CBR materials when allowed while not
shortchanging the project’s integrity
Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 16
Design Chart
“a point on the curve for a given
CBR material represents the
minimum thickness of pavement
courses that will resting above
it, in order to maintain stability”

Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 17


Example
A compacted subgrade has a CBR value of 8. What
is the minimum pavement thickness if it is to
support a taxiway pavement designed to
support a 80,000lb airplane (40,000lb-wheel
load)?

Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 18


Solution:
CBR subbase of 8, Taxiway, and
wheel load of 40,000 lb

From the chart;


“23 inches of total earth
material and pavement
above the subgrade”

Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 19


Optimal thickness of pavement (Wearing surface),
and optimal CBR value

What is the optimal pavement thickness (wearing surface)?

What is the optimal CBR value of upper X inches?

Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 20


Comparison of thicknesses
found by Terzaghi’s Bearing
Capacity equation and by
CBR design

Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 21


Given equation by the graph in the
previous slide;

qu= 172.6 x CBR-621

CBR=(qu+621)/172.6

qu = qsd = 38.6psi = 266.14kPa

Determined total thickness was 13.1 in.

For the subgrade in the example, CBR can be


estimated as follows:

CBR = (266.14 + 621)/172.6 = 5.13 say CBR=5

From the graph, the thickness is found


approximately 13.5 in.
Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 22
Example:
For the previous example: Determine the optimal pavement thicknesses of the
wearing surface, the base layer, and subbase layer?
Previous example> A compacted subgrade has a CBR value of 8. What is the
minimum pavement thickness if it is to support a taxiway pavement
designed to support a 80,000 lb airplane (40,000 wheel load)?

Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 23


Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 24
3”

6”

? = 23 – 9 = 14 in.

Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 25


California Resisting value test (R-value test)
The R-Value test measures the response of a compacted sample of soil
or aggregate to a vertically applied pressure under specific conditions.
This test is used by Caltrans for pavement design, replacing the CBR
test. Many other agencies have adopted the California pavement design
method and specify R-Value testing for subgrade soils and road
aggregates. The R-Value test is performed using a stabilometer. A stabilometer is
used to measure the resistance of soil, aggregate base, or subbase by applying
exudation pressure. The R-Value test measures the ability of the tested material to resist
lateral spreading due to an applied vertical load. This test is designed to mimic vertical
loads seen in roads, such as tire loads.

The R-value test is measured on a scale from 0-100, 0 being water and 100 being steel.

Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 26


The test procedure to determine R-value requires that
the laboratory prepared samples are fabricated to a
moisture & density condition representative of the
worst possible in situ condition of a compacted
subgrade.

The R-value of a material is determined when the


material is in a state of saturation such that water will
be exuded from the compacted test specimen when a
16.8 kN load (2.07 MPa) is applied. Since it is not
always possible to prepare a test specimen that will
exude water at the specified load, it is necessary to test
a series of specimens prepared at different moisture
contents.

Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 27


First, a sample, 4-in. in diameter and 2.45 to 2.55-in.in height, is
prepared using a mechanical kneading compactor which simulates
field compaction techniques. Next, this sample is placed into the
stabilometer between a testing head and a bottom plunger. A
vertical pressure of 160-psi is then applied to the testing head,
creating a horizontal pressure on the fluid within the rubber
membrane that surrounds the sample (refer to Figure 1). This
horizontal pressure is measured and recorded as ph. Next, the
applied vertical pressure is reduced to 80-psi and the horizontal
pressure reduced to 5-psi with the stabilometer pump handle.
After zeroing the displacement dial indicator on the stabilometer,
the calibrated pump handle is turned to increase the horizontal
pressure to 100-psi. The number of revolutions is recorded as D2.
The following formula is then used to determine the R-value

Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 28


Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 29
Some typical R-values are:

Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 30


Example:
In a stabilometer test, following data were recorded. Calculate the
Resistance value (R-value) of the soil that was tested.

Recorded data:
Vertical pressure 160psi
Measured horizontal pressure = 60psi

After reducing the vertical pressure from 160 psi to 80psi, horizontal
pressure is reduced to 5psi. Then, in order to reach a horizontal pressure of
100psi, the number of revoluation on the stabilometer was 5. (D2=5)

Solution:

Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 31


Prof. Mustafa Aytekin - UOB 2/29/2024 32

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