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SUBJECT: Mathematics IGCSE Grade 8
Grade 8 IG
SUBJECT MENTOR: Ms Merritt Jayaraj
Probability
What is Probability?
Probability, a branch of Math that deals with the likelihood of the occurrences of the given event. The probability
values for the given experiment is usually defined between the range of numbers. The values lie between the
numbers 0 and 1. The probability value cannot be a negative value.
Experimental Probability Vs Theoretical Probability
There are two approaches to study probability:
• Experimental Probability
• Theoretical Probability
What are Mutually Exclusive Events?
In probability theory, two events are said to be mutually exclusive if they cannot occur at the same time or
simultaneously. In other words, mutually exclusive events are called disjoint events. If two events are considered
disjoint events, then the probability of both events occurring at the same time will be zero.
If A and B are the two events, then the probability of disjoint of event A and B is written by:
Probability of Disjoint (or) Mutually Exclusive Event = P ( A and B) = 0
Dependent and Independent Events
Two events are said to be dependent if the occurrence of one event changes the probability of another event. Two
events are said to be independent events if the probability of one event does not affect the probability of another
event. If two events are mutually exclusive, they are not independent. Also, independent events cannot be mutually
exclusive.
Complementary events:
The event ‘E' and the event ‘not E' are called complementary event of the latter event. If E
occurs, its compliment is E which does not occur.
Compliment of an event is denoted by E’ or E or Ec.
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