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Online Library Management System

Technical Report · November 2022

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.33360.48649

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 Online Library Management System

A project report submitted for

Database Management Systems Lab (ICT- 408)

By

Group - C

Md. Saiful Islam : 12009022

Suprama Roy : 12009028
Nushera Tajrin : 12009030
Md. Ahad Ali : 12009047
Most. Sania Akter : 11909015

Under the guidance of

Alimul Rajee
Lecturer
Department of Information and Communication Technology
Comilla University

Date of Submission: Nov, 2022

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is a great honor for us to convey our heartfelt gratitude to Mr. Alimul Rajee, our supervisor,
for providing us with the opportunity to work on this project, " Online Library Management
System" and for his supervision, advise, guidance, and critical input, which made him a
backbone of the project. His patience, encouragement, and personal guidance have laid a solid
foundation for the current effort.

We'd want to express our gratitude to our classmates and friends for assisting us in dispelling
our doubts. We'd want to use this occasion to express our gratitude to our parents for their
financial support.

Finally, we'd want to express our heartfelt gratitude to everyone who assisted us in the
execution of this project, whether directly or indirectly.

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 ABSTRACT

Library may be an assortment of sources of data and similar resources, created accessible to
an outlined community for reference or borrowing. Therefore the method of handling a library
manually is incredibly hard and clumsy. As regards to the present purpose of read, the
processed system for handling the activities of library management provides a comprehensive
thanks to reduce physical labour, to cut back complexness of the manual system and shortly.
This project work aim to style and implement a processed library management system. The aim
of the project is to develop the Management data system (MIS) to modify the record keeping of
Publishers, Books, Members and Book issue with a read to reinforce the choice creating of the
functionaries. A MIS chiefly consists of a processed information, a group of inter-related tables
for a selected subject or purpose, capable to supply totally different reports relevant to the
user. Associate in nursing computer programme is tied with the information for
straightforward access and interface to the information. mistreatment computer programme
or front-end, we are able to store, retrieve and manage all data in correct means The library
management system was style and enforced mistreatment the markup language (Hypertext
mark-up language), CSS (Cascading vogue sheet), PHP (Hypertext pre-processor) and My
SQL information. an intensive analysis of the project determines that the project achieved
several of its predefined objectives.

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 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

 MIS Management Information System

 HTML Hypertext mark-up language
 CSS Cascading style sheet
 PHP Hypertext pre-processor

iv
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No Tittle Page No

Figure 3.1 Requirement Analysis 13
Figure 3.2 Context Flow Diagram 15
Figure 3.3 Data Flow Diagram 16
Figure 3.4 Admin Data Flow 16
Figure 3.5 User Data Flow Diagram 17
Figure 3.6 E-R Diagram 17
Figure 3.7 Admin Table 18
Figure 3.8 Author Table 19
Figure 3.9 Books Table 20
Figure 3.10 Books Category Table 21
Figure 3.11 Issued Book Details 21
Figure 3.12 Students Table 22
Figure 4.1 Screenshot of Home Page 24
Figure 4.2 Screenshot of Admin Login 25
Figure 4.3 Screenshot of User Login 25
Figure 4.4 Screenshot of New User 26
Figure 4.5 Screenshot of User Dashboard 26
Figure 4.6 Screenshot of Information of a 27
User
Figure 4.7 Screenshot of Admin Dashboard 27
Figure 4.8 Screenshot of Manage Students 28
Figure 4.9 Screenshot of List of Books 28

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
ABSTRACT iii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS iv
LIST OF FIGURES v
CHAPTER
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 General Introduction 1
1.2 Statement of the Matter 1
1.3 Aim and Objectives 2
1.4 Purpose of the Project 2
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction 3
2.2 Development of Library Management System 4
2.3 Needs for Library Management System 5
2.4 Library Management System Initiatives Worldwide 5
2.5 Review of Problems and Challenges of Library Professionals in 8
Developing Countries

3. SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 Introduction to System Analysis 9
3.1.1 Analysis of Existing System 9
3.1.2 Problems of Existing System 9
3.1.3 Description of Proposed System 10
3.1.4 Advantages of Proposed System 10
3.2 Hardware Requirements 10
3.3 Software Requirements 11
3.4 Requirement analysis 13
3.5 System Development and System Design 14
3.5.1 Architectural Design 14
3.5.2 Context Flow Diagram 15
3.5.3 Data Flow Diagram 15
3.5.3.1 Admin Data Flow Diagram 16
3.5.3.2 User Data Flow Diagram 17
3.5.4 ER Diagram 17

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 3.6 Database Design 18
3.6.1 Admin Table 18
3.6.2 Authors Table 18
3.6.3 Books Table 19
3.6.4 Books Category Table 20
3.6.5 Issued Book Details Table 21
3.6.6 Students Table 22
4. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM
4.1 Documentation of the System 23
4.1.1 Program Documentation 23
4.1.2 Procedure Design 23
4.1.3 Operating the System 24
4.2 Output Design and Input Design 24
4.2.1 Home Page 24
4.2.2 Admin Login 24
4.2.3 User login 25
4.2.4 New User 26
4.2.5 User Dashboard 26
4.2.6 Information of a User 27
4.2.7 Admin Dashboard 27
4.2.8 Manage Students 28
4.2.9 List of Books 28
5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary 29
5.2 Conclusion 29
5.3 Scope of the Project 29
5.4 Recommendation 29
REFERENCES 30

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 General Introduction

Library management one of a sub-discipline of institutional management that focuses on
specific issues Janus-faced by libraries and library management professionals. Library
management encompasses traditional management tasks likewise as intellectual freedom, anti-
censorship, and fundraising tasks. Problems Janus-faced in library management oftentimes
overlap those Janus-faced in management of non-profit organizations. Library Management
System is an application that portraits library system that may well be usually tiny or medium
in size.

It is operating by the librarian to flatly manage the library by the virtue of computerized a
processed system wherever he/she can record numerous transactions like issue of books, come
back of books, addition of latest books, addition of new students etc.

Books and user maintenance modules are enclosed during this system which might keep track
of the users exploitation the library and also an in depth description concerning the books a
library contains. With this computerized system there'll be no loss of book record or member
record that usually happens once a non-computerized system is managed by librarian.
Additionally, report module is also included in Library Management System. If user’s position
is admin, the user is ready to come up with completely different types of reports like lists of
users registered, list of books, issue and return reports. All of these modules are ready to
facilitate librarian to manage the library with a lot of convenience and efficient method as
compared to library systems that don't seem to be computerized.

This system are going to be developed and designed to help librarian record each book
transaction so as to reduce and eradicate downside of loss of books and files within the library.

1.2 Statement of the Matter

Presently, dealing of books within the institutional libraries are done manually in most cases,
thereby taking longer for dealing like borrowing of books or return of books and conjointly
looking out of member and books. Series of issues occur as a result of this thereby ensuing to
inefficient library management. When a library doesn't use a processed system, there may be
loss and damage of records due to human error.

Nevertheless, the difficulty within the looking of books that can be termed to be inadequacy in
book Management may be a problem within the manual library thereby inflicting unskillfulness
and time intense within the library. Conjointly the matter of space consuming erupts when the
amount of records become large the space for physical storage of file and records conjointly

1
will increase if no computerized system is enforced as well as the issue of cost. As a result of
delayed data retrieval and time wasted in using the library, the library is unable to provide
prompt data retrieval. Additionally because of the cumbersome, during this project computer
approach will be used to solve these issues. The manual procedures will be analyzed one by
one

1.3 Aim and Objectives

The aim of this project is to develop a system which will handle and manage the activities
concerned in a very library in an efficient and reliable manner.

The objectives are:

i. designing a computerized library management system which might facilitate evacuate the
issues faced in manual library.
ii. Implementing the system.
iii. Evaluating and testing the performance of the system

1.4 Purpose of the Project

This project primarily aims at developing a computerized system to manage the library's
activities, enabling librarians and library users to have easy access to library usage, and to keep
track of library information. In addition to storing library information electronically, this
system will also help librarians manage the library.

2
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

The library is thought to be the brain of any institute , in fact, several institutes perceive the
importance of the library to the expansion of the institute and their esteemed users that we flatly
call the students. An integrated library system additionally called a library management system
(Adamson et al., 2008) is an enterprise resource coming up with a system for a library,
accustomed track things in hand, orders created, bills paid, and users who have borrowed. The
Library Management System is known as a Library Management software system for the
observance and dominance of the transactions in a very library (Ashutosh and Ashish., 2012).
Library Management System supports the required demand of the library like the acquisition,
cataloging, circulation, and alternative sections.[2]
Since the arrival of the computer in recent age, there are completely different ways of keeping
records within the library. Records are kept within the library on shelves and every shelf is
labeled in alphabetical or numerical order, within which the classes of books available are
organized on a completely different position on the shelves and similarly are recorded on the
library manuscript and once any book is to be documented the manuscript is being referred to,
to know the position of a much-needed book by the person who requested for the book. Since
the invention of the computer completely different researchers have carried out numerous
approaches to an automated library management system to which this project is similar all
regarding.
KOHA library management system is the first to be reviewed. Since it was first introduced in
1999, KOHA has been adopted by thousands of libraries worldwide, each adding functionality
to further enhance the system's capabilities. As of the release of 3.0 in 2005, which included
the powerful Zebra indexing engine, KOHA had become a viable, scalable solution for all
library types. Based on this foundation, LibLime KOHA was developed. As the most
functionally advanced open-source Integrated Library System on the market today, LibLime
KOHA offers a wide range of advanced features. Because of its web-based nature, this Library
Management System has a major drawback because hackers can hack its database and gain
access to or modify users' information. (www.koha.org).[4]

An effective library management system typically consists of a relational database, software to

interact with the database, and two user interfaces (one for users, and one for staff). The
majority of integrated library systems separate functions into discrete programs called modules,
each integrated with a unified interface. Samples of modules would possibly include:
i. Acquisitions (ordering, receiving, and invoicing materials)
ii. Cataloguing (classifying and assortment materials)
iii. Circulation (lending materials to patrons and receiving them back)
iv. Serials (tracking magazine and newspaper holdings)
v. The OPAC (public interface for users)

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Prior to computerization, each library task was carried out manually and separately. Users
manually signed books out, writing their names on cue cards that were then kept at the
circulation desk. Selectors ordered materials using ordering slips, catalogers manually
cataloged items and indexed them using the card cataloguing system. When the University of
Texas started using a punch card system to control library circulation in 1936, the first signs of
mechanization were made. While the punch card system made loan tracking more effective,
other library tasks were unaffected by this change, and library services were still far from being
integrated.
The main goal of this research will be to gain a thorough understanding of the scope of library
management system initiatives and projects that have been undertaken globally, as well as the
conditions and circumstances that have influenced and contributed to their success. The browse
method of carrying out a literature review involves looking through print and electronic sources
and reading and digesting them to find information that is pertinent, appropriate, and useful to
the current topic. e-library, resource sharing, distributed information resources, online
databases, library automation, library systems, information professionals, librarians, global
access, repositories, and interoperability, management systems, library integrated systems, and
database system administration are predetermined keywords to be used during this search
(DBSA). The literature review will be organized into the following sections: Introduction,
Features of Library Management, Why We Need a Library Management System, and
Examples of Library Management Systems. A Review of Library Management System
Initiatives Worldwide: Problems and Challenges Facing Librarians in Developing Nations.

2.2 Development of Library Management System

A library management system is a planning tool for the library's resources that allows users to
access the orders, payments, and loans made by clients. Particularly in the UK, the term "library
integrated system" is occasionally used. According to Cynthia Lopta, an integrated system is
one that is automated and uses a single bibliographic database for all of its functional modules.
The number of services provided by library management system vendors, as well as their
prices, increased by the middle to late 2000s, leaving many smaller libraries underwhelmed.
At the same time, testing for the open-source Integrated Library System had just begun. Some
libraries have started using integrated open source library systems like KOHA and Evergreen.
To avoid vendor lock-in, license fees, and to take part in software development were the most
frequently cited reasons among these. Libraries were also given the much-needed freedom from
vendors, which allowed them to prioritize requirements according to urgency rather than what
their vendor could provide. Since vendors no longer have the power of owning the Integrated
Library System software and tying libraries to rigid contracts, they are now more likely to
provide quality service in order to maintain a partnership, according to libraries that recently
switched to open source integrated library systems. This has been the situation with the SC
LENDS consortium. The South Carolina States Library, along with a few local public libraries,
established the SC LENDS consortium in order to share resources and take advantage of the
Evergreen Integrated Library System's open source nature to meet their particular needs. The
flexible and convenient features of the library project system enable librarians and library users
to work as quickly and efficiently as possible. The library system provides all the specific data
about the students, employees, and books. It keeps track of both the books that are physically

4
present in the library as well as the books that have been issued to library users (students). It
lists books that are well liked by students. It will offer the book at the library that was lost. It
keeps records of the supplier and the book binders.

2.3 Needs for Library Management System

1. Better customer service provides easier access to reliable data.

2. As a result of reducing duplication of effort, staff members will be more productive
and satisfied with their jobs.
3. More affordable and secure information storage and retention techniques
4. Faster and more precise results from statistical analyses, as well as easier access to
information such as management reports, stock, etc.
5. It reduces errors and eliminates the boredom associated with lengthy and repetitive
manual processing.
6. Greater accountability and transparency in business practices
7. Improved administration and management efficiency and effectiveness as a result of
unparalleled access to real-time data.
8. More dependable security for personal and sensitive data
9. Timelier action and intervention based on appropriate knowledge is now possible.

2.4 Library Management System Initiatives Worldwide

In their study, Neelakadan, Duraisekar, Balasubramani, and Srinivasa (2010) developed an

automated system using KOHA Open source software to carry out the charging and discharging
functions of the circulation section more effectively. This system offers a variety of search
options to know the availability of books in the library to generate a list of books due by a
specific member and also the overdue fees. According to reports, KOHA is an integrated
software system that has all the necessary models for libraries of all sizes (Neelakandan et
al.,2010). The system they created has as a result: Chemistry library collections that are in a
single database, it gives full control over the library operations and collection management,
faculty members can search and research scholars can check the required books by OPAC
modules, research scholars and faculty members can check the status of their borrowed books,
they can get full information about the books for their further reading and research, and data
entry of the books can be done.

The following factors contributed to the limitations of his research:

i. Lack of infrastructure facilities;

ii. Lack of environmental support;
iii. Lack of financial resources.

A library management system that could be used primarily by library clients and staff was
developed by Koy Yeeh Keat (2011) as part of his research. Members can use the system to
find books online and reserve them, saving time and money by not having to travel to the library

5
physically while also being able to see what the book is about before they arrive. Staff members
can add news, view reports with different criteria, edit news, and delete news in the system that
has been developed. The system was created with the intention of enabling users to reserve
books online, make it convenient for users to borrow books online, integrate email and SMS
technologies into the website, and create a user-friendly graphical user interface.

Several modules were taken into consideration when designing the system, including the
following ones:

i. Authorization and authentication module

ii. Member/staff module
iii. Search module
iv. Books administration module
v. News administration module
vi. Email administration module
vii. Modules for reporting
viii. Publisher maintenance module
ix. Employee maintenance module etc.

The software used in the research entails the use of Microsoft products like the Microsoft visual
studio 2008 for the website development and ASP.NET with C# as the programming language
used having the Microsoft SQL server 2008 as the database. Mainly the software and hardware
requirement used in his research were:
i. Operating system: windows 7 professional
ii. Database: MYSQL server 2008
iii. Development tools and programming language: Microsoft visual studio 2008 and VB.NET
iv. Processor: Intel core i2 duo CPU T7250 @ 2.00 GHz
v. Ram: 2 GB

The waterfall model, which includes system planning, requirement analysis, system design,
programming, system testing, and evaluation, was the research methodology used.

To monitor and regulate the activities in a library, Ashutosh Tripathi and Ashish Srivastaval
(2012) created a system that is a library management software. They created a library
management system as a result of their research, which was developed in Java and mainly
concentrates on basic library operations like adding new patrons, new books, and updating
patron information; searching for books and members; and providing the ability to borrow and
return books. It was an automated library management system that these two created. The user
can quickly add members, add books, search for members and books using the software, update
and edit information, and borrow and return books. The benefits of the system they created are
as follows:

i. User friendly interface,

ii. Fast access to database,

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 iii. Less error,
iv. More Storage Capacity,
v. Search facility,
vi. Look and Feel Environment

By introducing computerization, all manual issues with managing the library were resolved.
The software was created to assist users in maintaining and organizing libraries, making it very
user-friendly for both novice and expert users. The system requirements for the study include
how the library management system can be used on platforms like Applet Macintosh and
UNIX, as well as Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows NT. The system
complied with the following hardware specifications and was designed to run on Windows 98
or Windows NT4.0:

i. For Windows 95 based computers, a 486 / 66 MHz or higher processor with 8MB
ii. For Windows 98 based computers, a 500/88MHz or higher processor with 32 Mb of
RAM
iii. For Windows NT based computers, a 488 / 66 MHz or higher processor with 16 MB of
RAM
iv. For Windows 200 based computers, a 700/850 MHz or higher processor with 512 MB
of RAM

The culmination of all the websites he created for his research led to the creation of the Library
Management System, a web application that functions as an online library. Also used were
several user-friendly codes. The system that was created has the ability for an admin to log in
and monitor the entire system, among other things. The goals of the system that was created
were to:

i. An improvement in performance and control.

ii. Reduce costs.
iii. Time management.
iv. The choice of an online notice board, where the librarian can give a thorough
description of workshops taking place at the college as well as in nearby
colleges, etc.

The software and hardware requirement in the designing of the system were:
i. Operating system- Windows 7
ii. Database - MYSQL-MYSQL
iii. Development tools and Programming language- HTML was used to write the
whole code and develop webpages with CSS, java script for styling work and
PHP for sever side scripting.
iv. Intel core i5 2nd generation is used as a processor
v. Ram 1 GB

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2.5 Review of Problems and Challenges of Library Professionals in
Developing Countries

The role and responsibilities of librarians have been completely altered by new information
technology tools. The difficulties faced by librarians have been the subject of numerous studies.
The studies conducted at the international level, specifically in developing nations, to look into
the issues faced by librarians are reviewed in the following section. According to Adomi and
Anie's (2006) study of professionals' computer literacy levels in university libraries in Nigeria,
the majority of professionals do not possess a high level of computer proficiency, and their use
of technology is still developing. They suggested that management and leaders of libraries
organize and provide in-house computer training programs for librarians and that sufficient
computers be made available in this regard.

Rahman, Khatun, and Islam (2008) examined Bangladesh's library education system.
According to the study, the majority of Bangladeshi institutions lack adequate computer labs
or enough student computers. There were insufficient DDC, LC, and Sears lists of subject
headings for practical classification and cataloging tools. Many institutions have small libraries
or have insufficient textbook collections. The status of professionals was also found to be
extremely low, with low pay and few opportunities for promotion.

In Ondo and Ekiti States in Nigeria, Ademodi and Adepoju (2009) looked into the computer
proficiency of librarians working in academic libraries. The lack of computers and computer
expertise among professionals was discovered. The study suggested giving training and the
purchase of ICT infrastructure in Nigerian university libraries more consideration and funding.
The management of the library should approach foreign foundations and agencies that are
interested in the project for funding and assistance.

Dasgupta (2009) conducted research to show that there are no norms or standards for the
training of librarians in India. His research identified several issues for Indian librarians,
including the emergence of new Library Integrated System schools; a lack of accreditation
bodies; adequate physical facilities; a lack of appropriate library facilities; a lack of attention
to selection criteria; and a lack of apprenticeship programs. According to a study, the Indian
government should take the lead in advancing LIS education in India by increasing
employment opportunities for LIS professionals and eradicating pay disparities among them.

Gavgani, Shokraneh, and Shiramin (2011) came to the conclusion that librarians in Iran lack
the traditional skills and background knowledge necessary to meet the evolving needs of their
patrons. Before they can empower their clients, they must acquire new knowledge and skills.
Therefore, there must not be a disconnect between librarians' professional and technological
expertise and the informational needs of the society that they are expected to address. It was
also felt that the medical library and information science curriculum in Iran needed to change.

8
 CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 Introduction to System Analysis
There are three stages in building the new system to create the optimum match for the library.
They are gathering data, designing, implementing, and conducting final testing. Different
strategies will be used within these three areas so that we may develop a system that can retain
high usability and accessibility. Here are some suggestions for the procedure. Prior to
employing software development tools to set up the system, information about the requirements
for users of the system, such as library staff and readers, will be obtained from the staff by
using qualitative data gathering techniques (oral interviews).

Given the size and goals of this study, it is highly recommended to adopt the survey method of
qualitative data collection, which involves conducting oral interviews.

The library serves as both a case study for the suggested system and a significant source of
data. In accordance with this, the primary technique for the system's information collection is
the monitoring the staff and how the library is run is a method for the library and observation.

3.1.1 Analysis of Existing System

There is a ton of paperwork involved with the current library administration system. According
to the system, all library user information will be collected using a white-and-black technique.
Every registered user's borrower information is required when checking out a book from the
library, and that person can sign out the book and return it when finished.

3.1.2 Problems of Existing System

i. Having a general understanding of the current system, the following are its issues.
ii. Data Loss: A lot of paperwork is required to save the information on II. Books borrowed
by a registered user in a safe manner.
iii. Time Wasting: Users waste time looking for books that have already been published.
iv. A user who cannot be identified by their borrowing history on the paper records.
v. Error Prone: The current operating system is prone to mistakes.
vi. It is difficult because it requires a routine.
vii. Processing Speed: There is very little output due to the slow processing speed.
9
3.1.3 Description of Proposed System

An administrator (Librarian) uses the library management system, a desktop-based application

system, as an alternative method of keeping track of the books kept in the library. These
characteristics are present.

i. The administrator enters the applicant's first and last names when registering them,
matriculation number, department, etc., as well as a username that the user has
recommended. Alongside a login password that the registered user must use to log in
ii. A candidate is permitted to access the system using his name and a randomly generated
password. which is provided during the registration stage.
iii. The administrator accesses the report to see a specific user's details

3.1.4 Advantages of Proposed System

Certain advantages are related to the projected system which enhances the look of the system.
a number of that are declared below:

i. It eliminates the presence of the audience or fellow colleague who will whisper the
result to their friends.
ii. it's free from biasness (all users are served equally).
iii. It provides a right away an instantaneous response to each user.
iv. It facilitates simple learning.

3.2 Hardware Requirements

The hardware that's needed within the successful completion of this project include;

i. A system running on Pentium 2.

ii. A random access memory (RAM) of 512 MB.
iii. Enhanced Keyboard.
iv. V.G.A or a colored monitor.
v. A 2.0 GB hard disk.
vi. The Intel Core i5 2nd generation is utilized as a processor because it is quick compared
to other CPUs, very dependable, and allows us to run our computer for extended periods
of time. With the help of this processor, we may continue working on our project
without any concerns.

10
3.3 Software Requirements

The software support for the design of the projected system involves:

i. A windows 8 operating system.

ii. Macromedia Dreamweaver.
iii. WAMP server.
iv. My SQL database.
v. An internet access in addition as an anti-virus software that prevents the system from
being infected by virus.

The front end and the back end of the project are separated into two sections.

FRONT END: Java script, HTML, PHP, and CSS were used to create the front end.

i. HTML: HTML, often known as Hyper Text Mark-up The primary mark-up language used
to create web pages and other content that can be seen in a web browser is language. Within
the text of a web page, HTML is expressed as HTML elements, which are composed of tags
contained in angle brackets (such as html>).

A web browser's job is to read HTML files and combine them into visually or aurally appealing
online pages. By indicating structural semantics for text elements including headers,
paragraphs, lists, links, quotes, and other objects, it offers a way to produce structured
documents. It has the ability to embed programs that modify the behavior of HTML web pages
and are written in languages like JavaScript.

ii. Cascading Style Sheets (CSS): CSS is a language for creating style sheets that describe
how a document formatted and looked when it was created using a mark-up language. The
language can be used to style any type of XML document, including plain XML, SVG, and
XUL. However, it is most frequently used to style web pages and interfaces written in HTML
and XHTML.

Most web pages utilize CSS style sheets to describe how they are presented since CSS is a
fundamental web specification.

The main purpose of CSS is to make it possible to separate a document's information from its
presentation, which includes things like the layout, colors, and fonts.

11
This division can increase content accessibility, give the specification of presentation features
greater freedom and control, allow numerous pages to share formatting, and minimize
complexity and duplication in the structural content (for example, by allowing for table-less
web design). The same markup page can be rendered in several styles for different rendering
techniques, including on-screen, in print, via voice (when read aloud by a screen reader or
speech-based browser), and on Braille-based, tactile devices, thanks to CSS. Additionally,
depending on the screen size or viewing device, it can be utilized to enable the web page to
appear differently.

iii JavaScript (JS): JavaScript, a dynamic computer programming language, is the third
option. It is most frequently used as a component of web browsers, whose implementations
enable client-side scripts to interact with users, manage browser settings, communicate
asynchronously, and modify the displayed document content. Additionally, it is employed in
server-side programming, the creation of video games, and the development of desktop and
mobile applications. JavaScript is a dynamically typed, prototype-based programming
language with first-class functions. C had an influence on its syntax. Despite sharing many
names and naming conventions with Java, JavaScript is completely unrelated to Java and has
a significantly different semantic structure. JavaScript's primary architectural tenets were
inspired by the self and Scheme programming languages.t is a multiparadigm language,
supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.

iv. PHP: PHP is a server-side scripting language used for general-purpose programming as
well as web development. More than 244 million websites and 2.1 million web servers
currently use PHP. The PHP Group now produces the reference implementation of PHP, which
was first developed by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995. PHP is a recursive backronym that initially
stood for Personal Home Page but is now known as PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor. A web
server's PHP processor module interprets the PHP code to produce the final web page: Instead
of contacting an external file to handle data, PHP commands can be directly included into an
HTML source document. It may now be used in independent graphical apps and has expanded
to incorporate a command-line interface capabilities. Free software known as PHP is
distributed under the PHP License. Most web servers support the free deployment of PHP,
which is also available as a standalone shell on practically all platforms and operating systems.

BACK END: MySQL, which is used to construct databases I is utilized to design the back end.
MYSQL- MySQL, often known as "My S-Q-L" or "My Sequel," is the second-most popular
open-source relational database management system in the world as of July 2013. (RDBMS).
12
It is named after My Widenius, the daughter of co-founder Michael Widenius. SQL, or
Structured Query Language, is the abbreviation. The MySQL development project has released
its source code under a number of private agreements as well as the GNU General Public
License. One for-profit corporation, the Swedish company MySQL AB, which is now owned
by Oracle Corporation, was both the owner and sponsor of MySQL.A crucial part of the widely
used LAMP open source web application software stack (and other "AMP" stacks), MySQL is
a well-liked database for usage in online applications. The term "Linux, Apache, MySQL,
Perl/PHP/Python" is referred to as LAMP. MySQL is frequently used in free-software, open-
source projects that need a robust database management system. There are various paid editions
that are available for commercial usage and provide more capabilities. TYPO3, MODx,
Joomla, WordPress, phpBB, MyBB, Drupal, and more programs all use MySQL databases.
Additionally, a lot of well-known, massive websites like Wikipedia, Google (though not for
searches), Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, and YouTube use MySQL.

3.4 Requirement analysis

By examining the user's needs, the system requirements are gathered (s). Establishing the
functions that the ideal system must have is the focus of this phase. It does not, however,
influence the design or construction of the software. Typically, after interviewing the users, a
document known as the user requirements document is produced.

Figure 3.1: Requirement Analysis

The functional, interface, performance, data, security, and other needs of the system as
anticipated by the user will normally be described in the user requirements document. Business
analysts use it to explain to users how they should utilize the system. The users carefully read
13
this document because it will act as the system designers' reference during the system design
process. In this stage, the user acceptance tests are created. There are various ways to obtain
requirements for both soft and hard approaches, including surveys, use cases, throw-away
prototypes, observation, document analysis, interviews, and questionnaires. Throughout the
remainder of the system development process, the requirement document will be consulted to
confirm that the project is evolving in accordance with the needs and requirements.

Systems engineers analyze and comprehend the business of the proposed system throughout
the systems design phase by examining the user requirements document. They come up with
options and methods for carrying out the user requirements. The user is made aware of the
problem if any of the requirements are not practical. Once a solution is identified, the user
requirement document is updated. A document called the software specification is created,
acting as a blueprint for the development stage. The general system organization, menu
structures, data structures, etc. are all contained in this paper. For enhanced understanding, it
might also include sample windows, reports, and business scenario examples. In this phase,
additional technical documentation will also be generated, such as entity diagrams and data
dictionaries. The system testing documentation is ready.

3.5 System Development and System Design

3.5.1 Architectural Design

High-level design is another name for the stage of designing a computer or software's
architecture. The fundamental criterion for choosing an architecture is that it should be able to
accommodate everything, which typically includes a list of modules, a brief description of each
module's functionality, their interface relationships, dependencies, database tables, architecture
diagrams, technology specifics, etc. The specific phase includes the integration testing design.
The necessary specifications for the hardware, software, human, data, and information resource
resources and the information products that will satisfy the functional requirement of the
proposed system can be identified once the requirements have been established. Before these
mistakes or issues are included into the system, the design will act as a blueprint for it.

14
3.5.2 Context Flow Diagram

The environment in which the software used is depicted in this picture. The CFD shows the
external entity action on the software is shown here in CFD as a single process.

Figure 3.2: Context Flow Diagram

3.5.3 Data Flow Diagram

1. The DFD is also called as bubble chart. It is a simple graphical formalism that can be used
to represent a system in terms of input data to the system, various processing carried out on
this data, and the output data is generated by this system.

2. The data flow diagram (DFD) is one of the most important modelling tools. It is used to
model the system components. These components are the system process, the data used by the
process, an external entity that interacts with the system and the information flows in the
system.

3. DFD shows how the information moves through the system and how it is modified by a
series of transformations. It is a graphical technique that depicts information flow and the
transformations that are applied as data moves from input to output.

4. DFD is also known as bubble chart. A DFD may be used to represent a system at any level
of abstraction. DFD may be partitioned into levels that represent increasing information flow
and functional detail.

15
 Figure 3.3: Data Flow Diagram

3.5.3.1 Admin Data Flow Diagram

Figure 3.4: Admin Data Flow

Diagram

16
3.5.3.2 User Data Flow Diagram

Figure 3.5: User Data Flow Diagram

3.5.4 ER Diagram

Figure 3.6: E-R Diagram

17
3.6 Database Design

3.6.1 Admin Table

CREATE TABLE `admin` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`FullName` varchar (100) DEFAULT NULL,
`AdminEmail` varchar (120) DEFAULT NULL,
`UserName` varchar (100) NOT NULL,
`Password` varchar (100) NOT NULL,
`updationDate` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ON UPDATE
current_timestamp()
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

ALTER TABLE `admin`

ADD PRIMARY KEY (`id`);

ALTER TABLE `admin`

MODIFY `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=2;

Figure 3.7: Admin Table

3.6.2 Authors Table

CREATE TABLE `tblauthors` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`AuthorName` varchar(159) DEFAULT NULL,
`creationDate` timestamp NULL DEFAULT current_timestamp(),
`UpdationDate` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL ON UPDATE current_timestamp()
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

ALTER TABLE `tblauthors`

ADD PRIMARY KEY (`id`);

18
ALTER TABLE `tblauthors`
MODIFY `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=16;

Figure 3.8: Author Table

3.6.3 Books Table

CREATE TABLE `tblbooks` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`BookName` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`CatId` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`AuthorId` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`ISBNNumber` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,
`BookPrice` decimal(10,2) DEFAULT NULL,
`bookImage` varchar(250) NOT NULL,
`isIssued` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`RegDate` timestamp NULL DEFAULT current_timestamp(),
`UpdationDate` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL ON UPDATE current_timestamp()
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

ALTER TABLE `tblbooks`

ADD PRIMARY KEY (`id`);

19
ALTER TABLE `tblbooks`
MODIFY `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=12;

Figure 3.9: Books Table

3.6.4 Books Category Table

CREATE TABLE `tblcategory` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`CategoryName` varchar(150) DEFAULT NULL,
`Status` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`CreationDate` timestamp NULL DEFAULT current_timestamp(),
`UpdationDate` timestamp NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ON UPDATE
current_timestamp()
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

ALTER TABLE `tblcategory`

ADD PRIMARY KEY (`id`);

ALTER TABLE `tblcategory`

MODIFY `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=10;

20
 Figure 3.10: Books Category Table

3.6.5 Issued Book Details Table

CREATE TABLE `tblissuedbookdetails` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`BookId` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`StudentID` varchar(150) DEFAULT NULL,
`IssuesDate` timestamp NULL DEFAULT current_timestamp(),
`ReturnDate` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL ON UPDATE current_timestamp(),
`RetrunStatus` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`fine` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

ALTER TABLE `tblissuedbookdetails`

ADD PRIMARY KEY (`id`);

ALTER TABLE `tblissuedbookdetails`

MODIFY `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=13;

Figure 3.11: Issued Book Details Table

TableTable Table
21
3.6.6 Students Table

CREATE TABLE `tblstudents` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`StudentId` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`FullName` varchar(120) DEFAULT NULL,
`EmailId` varchar(120) DEFAULT NULL,
`MobileNumber` char(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`Password` varchar(120) DEFAULT NULL,
`Status` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`RegDate` timestamp NULL DEFAULT current_timestamp(),
`UpdationDate` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL ON UPDATE current_timestamp()
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

ALTER TABLE `tblstudents`

ADD PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
ADD UNIQUE KEY `StudentId` (`StudentId`);

ALTER TABLE `tblstudents`

MODIFY `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=12;

Figure 3.12: Students Table

Table Table

22
 CHAPTER 4

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM

4.1Documentation of the System
This describes however the system works and the way best computers along with alternative
resources could also be applied to perform knowledge storage, management and retrieval for
deciding. The necessity of this analysis work demand a web programing language.

4.1.1 Program Documentation

In order for the projected system to be used on any system it takes the subsequent ways:

i. Boot the system.

ii. Install the WAMP server. 40
iii. Turn server on (Active).
iv. Copy the folder to WWW within WAMP folder of the drive C: when WAMP server
is installed on the system.
v. Open any browser on the system (Microsoft internet explorer, Mozilla Firefox,
Netscape Navigator, Opera, Flock, Safari etc.)
vi. Type http://localhost/fuoyelms/index.php on the address bar and press the return or
enter key.
4.1.2 Procedure Design

This refers to the step by step methodology of using the projected system. The projected
system includes of Administrator and therefore the general user environment. The steps to
use the projected system are as follows:

i. On the address bar of any browser type http://localhost/fuoyelms/index.php

ii. You are prompted to produce the username and password this verifies that you simply
are a registered user and has the privileged to use the library system otherwise you
can't access the library
iii. If the username and password provided are correct as that of a user you're prompted
with the home page with the list of available document that you'll be able to borrow or
return based on selection.
iv. The username and password are in 2 formats as an administrator as well as a user.
v. As an administrator you're to type http://localhost/fuoyelms/admin/index.php on the
address bar.
vi. As an administrator you're prompted with the administrator page wherever the back
end of the library exercise is dole out.

23
4.1.3 Operating the System

The system developed needs the user to be trained by the programmer, this can change the
user to be aware of the modules contained within the program and therefore the perform of
every modules within the system are expected to be explained in details by the programmer.
Before running the program, the application mentioned above needs to be installed on the
private computer (PC) and launched obtain the user.

4.2 Output Design and Input Design

The output to be extracted from the projected system are as shown below.

4.2.1 Home Page

This is the primary interface of the library management system, it provides the basic page
wherever user and admin will click on to access the library system. The home, about, admin
user and sections are entailed during this page. Each the admin and also the users of the library
will access the home page of the library because it has been authorized for use.

Figure 4.1: Screenshot of Home Page

Table Table
4.2.2 Admin Login

A login page will be displayed if the user is legitimate after entering the website's main page
and selecting the ADMIN LOGIN option, where they are requested to enter their username and
password.

24
 Figure 4.2: Screenshot of Admin Login

Table Table
4.2.3 User login

After entering to the home page of the website, user can choose the USER LOGIN option
where they are asked to enter username and password, and if he/she is a valid user then a user
login page will be displayed.

Figure 4.3: Screenshot of User Login

Table Table

25
4.2.4 New User

After being added as a user, the user will then have his/her login like the username and
password therefore as to get access to the library system.

Figure 4.4: Screenshot of New User

4.2.5 User Dashboard

Table Table

Figure 4.5: Screenshot of User Dashboard

Table

Table

26
4.2.6 Information of a User

Figure 4.6: Screenshot of Information of a User

Table Table
4.2.7 Admin Dashboard

Figure 4.7: Screenshot of Admin Dashboard

Table Table

27
4.2.8 Manage Students

Figure 4.8: Screenshot of Manage Students

Table Table
4.2.9 List of Books

Figure 4.9: Screenshot of List of Books

Table Table

28
 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Summary
The quest to create life easier and process quicker has led to automation of various processes.
computer technology has reworked such a lot of sectors particularly the academic sector in no
small measure. In a trial to foster technology driven education, a Library

Management System has been developed to manage all library operations like borrowing,
returning of books etc.

5.2 Conclusion
In conclusion, from correct analysis and assessment of the designed system it may be safely
finished that the system is an effective, usable and reliable Library Management System. it's
operating properly and adequately meets the minimum expectations that were for it at the start.

The new system is predicted to convey advantages to the users and employees in terms of
efficiency within the usage of library system.

5.3 Scope of the Project

This project will produce a Library Management System for automating the major operational
processes of libraries. The first subsystem is the registration of users for the system to maintain
a list of authorized users. The second component is the registration of new books into the library
management system to keep its record of books. The third scheme could be a borrower and
return of books that is the major space required by the user. There are three end users for the
Library Management System. They are the admin, users and members.

5.4 Recommendation
For further analysis work to be disbursed . I herewith counsel the subsequent

i. University Library ought to be developed to figure on any platform.

ii. Delineate illustration as a lecture aid should be included in a University Library.

iii. University library lecture should even be extended to different field of study like chemistry,
English, Biology Agricultural science and many others.

iv. University library should be developed to support audio, video and a delineate aid to
learning..

29
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