Lecture 21 – Simple Susceptibility Models Prof. M. J.

Akhtar

Electromagnetic Interference and

EE 644A – EMI/EMC Techniques

Compatibility Techniques

Prof. M. Jaleel Akhtar

Department of Electrical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
2023-24-II

Kanpur – 208016 (U.P.)

 Lecture 21 – Simple Susceptibility Models Prof. M. J. Akhtar
EE 644A – EMI/EMC Techniques

Lumped equivalent circuit model of the pickup of incident fields for a

two-conductor line (electrically short)

 The induced terminal voltages

(𝑉 and 𝑉 ), in this case may
be computed using the
superposition theorem:

𝑅 𝑅 𝑅
𝑉 𝑗𝜔𝜇 ℓ𝑠𝐻 𝑗𝜔𝑐ℓ𝑠𝐸 … .
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅
𝑉 𝑗𝜔𝜇 ℓ𝑠𝐻 𝑗𝜔𝑐ℓ𝑠𝐸 … . .
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅

 Simple model providing approximate estimation of the effects of incident fields on two-conductor line.

 The per-unit-length parameters of inductance and capacitance may be ignored as compared to the
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termination impedances.
 Lecture 21 – Simple Susceptibility Models Prof. M. J. Akhtar
EE 644A – EMI/EMC Techniques

Illustration of the effect of the direction of incidence of the wave and

polarization of its fields with respect to the transmission line

 Coupling of an electromagnetic wave to a transmission line;

 The two induced sources are due to

 The component of the incident magnetic field that is normal to the loop formed by the
transmission line;
 The component of the incident electric field that is transverse to the transmission line.

 In this case the H field is normal to the loop and induces source 𝑉 , but the electric field is
parallel to the conductors and hence the current source is zero, 𝐼 0.
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 Lecture 21 – Simple Susceptibility Models Prof. M. J. Akhtar
EE 644A – EMI/EMC Techniques

 In this case, the H field is parallel to the loop and

hence the voltage source is zero, 𝑉 0. The
electric field is completely transverse, so the
current source, 𝐼 is non-zero.

 The wave is propagating along the line but the

electric field vector is perpendicular to the loop
and the magnetic field vector is transverse. In this
case both sources are zero, 𝑉 0 and 𝐼
0, and no interference voltage is induced across
the terminals of the line.

 Reorientation of the line (if possible) may minimize susceptibility problems of corresponding products.

 When no component of the incident magnetic field is perpendicular to the loop and no component
of the incident electric field is transverse to the line, any induced interference voltages across the
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terminations would be ideally eliminated.

 Lecture 21 – Simple Susceptibility Models Prof. M. J. Akhtar
EE 644A – EMI/EMC Techniques

Example
 Consider the 1-m ribbon cable shown in Fig.The wires are 28-gauge 7 36 (𝑟 = 7.5 mils) and are separated
by 50 mils. The termination impedances are 𝑅 = 50 Ω and 𝑅 = 150 Ω. Determine the approximate values
of induced voltages in the line when it is illuminated by a 100-MHz uniform plane wave (broadside
incidence) having electric field intensity value as 10 V/m.

Solution:
 The characteristic impedance of this cable is given by:

𝑙
𝑍 …..
𝑐

1 𝜇 𝑠
𝑙𝑛 𝜀 1
𝜋 𝜖 𝑟

𝑠
120 𝑙𝑛 228 Ω
𝑟
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 Low impedance load (𝑅 , 𝑅 𝑍 l at 100 MHz

 Lecture 21 – Simple Susceptibility Models Prof. M. J. Akhtar
EE 644A – EMI/EMC Techniques

 The electric field intensity vector has a magnitude

𝐸 10 𝑉/𝑚 and is polarized in the x direction. The
magnetic field intensity vector is therefore directed in
the negative z direction (into the page) according to
the properties of uniform plane waves, and is given
𝐻 26.5 𝑚𝐴/𝑚 𝐸 𝐚 𝐻 𝐚 ≡ 𝐚 []

 Thus the component of the electric field transverse to

the line is zero, and the total magnetic field is
represented by component of the magnetic field that
is normal to the plane of the wires.

 The induced sources are obtained from

Because there is no component of the
electric field that is transverse to the line
𝑉 ℓ ≅ 𝑗ω𝜇 𝐻 A … . axis, the current source is absent.

𝐸
𝑗 2𝜋 10 4𝜋 10 1 1.27 10
𝑛
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𝑗26.6 𝑚𝑉
 Lecture 21 – Simple Susceptibility Models Prof. M. J. Akhtar
EE 644A – EMI/EMC Techniques

E 0  No component of the electric

𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 field transverse to the line axis
𝑉 𝑗ω𝜇 ℓs𝐻 jωcℓs𝐸 … .
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅

50
𝑉 𝑗26.6 𝑚𝑉
50 150

𝑗6.65 𝑚𝑉

𝑹𝐋 𝑹𝑺 𝑹𝑳
𝑽𝑳 𝐣𝝎𝝁𝟎 𝓵𝒔𝑯𝒊𝒏 𝒋𝝎𝒄𝓵𝒔𝑬𝒊𝒕 … . E 0
𝑹𝑺 𝑹𝑳 𝑹𝑺 𝑹𝑳

150
𝑉 𝑗26.6 𝑚𝑉
50 150

𝑗19.95 𝑚𝑉
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 Lecture 21 – Simple Susceptibility Models Prof. M. J. Akhtar
EE 644A – EMI/EMC Techniques

Problem definition

Simplified equivalent circuit

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 Lecture 21 – Simple Susceptibility Models Prof. M. J. Akhtar
EE 644A – EMI/EMC Techniques

Example
The wave is propagating in the x direction, along the line axis, and the electric field intensity vector is
polarized in the y direction (transverse to the line). The magnetic field intensity vector is therefore
directed in the +ve z direction (out of the page) and is normal to the plane of the wires. Calculate the
induced voltages for a 10-V/m, 100-MHz incident uniform plane wave with end fire incidence ?
𝐸 𝐚 𝐻 𝐚 ≡ 𝐚 []

𝑉 ℓ ≅ Jω𝜇 𝐻 A … . 12

𝐸
𝑗 2𝜋 10 4𝜋 10 1 1.27 10
𝑛
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𝑗26.6 𝑚𝑉
 Lecture 21 – Simple Susceptibility Models Prof. M. J. Akhtar
EE 644A – EMI/EMC Techniques

The wave is propagating in the x direction, along the line axis, and the electric field intensity vector is
polarized in the y direction (transverse to the line). Calculate the induced voltages for a 10-V/m, 100-
MHz incident uniform plane wave with end fire incidence ?

𝐼𝓵 j ω𝑐𝐸 𝐴 … . 13

𝜋𝜖 𝜖
𝑗ω 𝐸 𝓵𝑆
𝑠
ln
𝑟

𝑗2𝜋 10 14.64𝑝𝐹/𝑚 10𝑉/𝑚 1 1.27 10

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𝑗0.1168𝑚𝐴
 Lecture 21 – Simple Susceptibility Models Prof. M. J. Akhtar
EE 644A – EMI/EMC Techniques

 The terminal voltages are computed as Observe the polarity as the incident
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 magnetic field is directed out of page.
𝑉 𝐽ω𝜇 𝓵𝑠𝐻 𝑗ω𝑐𝓵𝑠𝐸 … . 14
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅

50 50 150
𝑉 𝑗26.6𝑚𝑉 𝑗0.1168𝑚𝐴
50 150 50 150
𝑗6.65𝑚𝑉 𝑗4.38𝑚𝑉

𝑗11.03 𝑚𝑉

𝑅𝐋 𝑅 𝑅
𝑉 𝑗ω𝜇 𝓵𝑠𝐻 𝑗ω𝑐𝓵𝑠𝐸 … . . 15
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅

150 50 150
𝑉 𝑗26.6 𝑚𝑉 𝑗 0.1168 𝑚𝐴
50 150 50 150

𝑗19.95 𝑚𝑉 𝑗4.38 𝑚𝑉
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𝑗15.57𝑚𝑉
 Lecture 21 – Simple Susceptibility Models Prof. M. J. Akhtar
EE 644A – EMI/EMC Techniques

Crosstalk

 Crosstalk is the unintended electromagnetic coupling between wires and PCB lands that are in
close proximity.

 Intrasystem interference

The source of the electromagnetic emission and the receptor of this emission are within the same
system.

The third concern in EMC: the design of the product such that it does not interfere with itself.

 Importance of Crosstalk

With clock speeds and data transfer rates in digital computers steadily increasing, the crosstalk
between lands on PCBs is becoming a significant mechanism for interference in modern digital
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systems.
 Lecture 21 – Simple Susceptibility Models Prof. M. J. Akhtar
EE 644A – EMI/EMC Techniques

Crosstalk can affect the radiated and/or conducted emissions of the product.

 A ribbon cable internal to a product is placed in close proximity to wires that connect to a peripheral
cable that exits the product. Crosstalk between the two cables can induce signals on the peripheral
cable that may radiate externally to the product, causing the product to be out of compliance with
the radiated emission regulatory limits.

 If this internal coupling occurs to the power cord of the product, these coupled signals may cause it
to fail the conducted emission regulatory requirements.

Crosstalk can also affect the susceptibility of a product to emissions from another product.

 Emissions from some other product that are coupled to a peripheral cable of this product may
couple, to some other cable internal to the product it where the susceptibility to the external signal
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may get affected.

 Lecture 21 – Simple Susceptibility Models Prof. M. J. Akhtar
EE 644A – EMI/EMC Techniques

Three-Conductor Transmission Lines and Crosstalk

 There is no crosstalk for a two-conductor transmission

line. Adding a third conductor to the two-conductor
system provides the possibility of generating
interference between the circuits attached to the ends
of the line conductors resulting from crosstalk.

 A source consisting of a source resistance RS and a

source voltage 𝑉 𝑡 is connected to a load 𝑅 via a
generator conductor and a reference conductor. Two
The subscripts NE and FE refer to “near end” and “far end,” respectively.
other terminations, represented by resistors 𝑅 and
𝑅 , are also connected by a receptor conductor and
the reference conductor.
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 Lecture 21 – Simple Susceptibility Models Prof. M. J. Akhtar
EE 644A – EMI/EMC Techniques

Working Principle

 The generator circuit consists of the generator conductor and the reference conductor and has
current 𝐼 𝑡 along the conductors and voltage 𝑉 𝑡 between them.

 The current and voltage associated with the

generator circuit will produce electromagnetic fields
around it.

 These electromagnetic fields interact with the

receptor circuit, which consists of the receptor
conductor and the reference conductor.

 The interaction will induce current 𝐼 𝑧, 𝑡 and voltage

𝑉 z, t along the receptor circuit. This induced current
and voltage will produce voltages 𝑉 𝑡 and 𝑉 𝑡 that
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are attached to the ends of the receptor circuit.

 Lecture 21 – Simple Susceptibility Models Prof. M. J. Akhtar
EE 644A – EMI/EMC Techniques

Time-domain Analysis

 Time-domain crosstalk analysis involves the determination of the time form of the receptor
terminal voltages 𝑉 𝑡 and 𝑉 𝑡 for some generic time varying source voltage 𝑉 𝑡 .

Frequency-domain Analysis

 Frequency-domain crosstalk analysis requires the determination of the magnitude and phase
of the receptor terminal phasor voltages 𝑉 𝑗ω and 𝑉 𝑗ω for a sinusoidal source voltage
𝑉 𝑡 𝑉 𝐶𝑜𝑠 ω𝑡 Φ .
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