Subject: Oral Communication in Context

Topic: Principle of Speech Writing

Prepared by: Teacher Ana D. Bandiling Grade: 11
Semester: First Week: 13 -14

QUEST:
Content:
Principles of Speech Writing
 Choosing the topic
 Analyzing the Audience
 Sourcing the Information
 Outlining and Organizing the Speech Content
Content Standard:
The learner realizes the rigors of crafting one’s speech.
Learning Competencies:
At the end of the lesson, the students are able to:
Knowledge: Identify the principles of speech writing; (EN11/12OC-IIcj-25)
Skills: demonstrate the use of principles of speech writing in a variety of speech
context by drafting a speech of their own choice; and (EN11/12OC-IIcj-25)
Attitude: apply efficiently the importance of organizing speech content.

RECAP/REFRESH: Lesson Development

Instructions: Do what is asked.

1. Plan an event for a Birthday Party or a Debut .

2. Consider the following questions:

a. what factors did you take into account
while planning your party?

b. which part of your event serves as the

highlight of your Birthday/ Debut?

c. what are the first and last activities in your

program? Why these are activities essential in
beginning and ending your event?

EQUIP: Lesson Proper

Principles of Speech Writing
Delivering a speech for a particular purpose or event can be nerve-racking. It demands
intensive and extensive preparation especially when the speaker desires to deliver his or her

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speech perfectly and effectively. But with careful planning and logical preparation in speech
writing, effective speech delivery can be achieved. (studocu.com)
The Speech Writing Process
Writing a speech is not a chronological; rather, it is recursive. It just means that you
have the opportunity to repeat a writing procedure indefinitely, or produce multiple drafts
before you can settle on the right one.
Planning and writing a speech is one of the most important processes of public
speaking. A lot of the work and preparation goes to this phase as this determines the quality of
your presentation.
This figure shows a schematic diagram of the process of Speech Writing.

 Determining the purpose of the  Selecting a speech

speech. pattern
 Selecting a topic  Preparing an outline
 Narrowing down a topic  Creating the body of
Gathering data the speech
 Preparing an
 Editing and/or revising introduction
 Rehearsing  Preparing a conclusion
of the speech writing
process.
The following are the components

1. Audience Analysis
It entails looking into the profile of your target audience. This is done so you can tailor-fit
speech content and delivery to your audience. The profile includes the following information.
 Demography (age range, male-female ratio, educational background and
affiliations or degree program taken, economic status, academic or corporate
designations.)
 Situations (Time, venue, occasions, and size.)
 Psychology (Values, beliefs, attitudes, preferences, cultural and racial
ideologies and needs.)

A sample checklist is presented below.

Audience Analysis
Age range
Male-Female Ratio
Educational Background
Education Institution
Place of Residence (city, province, town)
Marital Status
Economic Status (Household income above
30, 000 or below 30,000)
Language Spoken

Religious Affiliations/beliefs
Audience analysis involves identifying the audience and adapting a speech to their
interests, level of understanding, attitudes, and beliefs. Taking an audience-centered approach
is important because a speaker’s effectiveness will be improved if the presentation is created
and delivered in an appropriate manner. Identifying the audience through extensive research is

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often difficult, so audience adaptation often relies on the healthy use of imagination.
(https://www.comm.pitt.edu/oral-comm-lab/audience-analysis)

2. Purpose
The purpose of writing and delivering the speech can be classified into three—to inform,
to entertain, to persuade.
 An informative Speech provides the audience with a clear understanding of the
concept or idea presented by the speaker.
 An entertainment Speech provides the audience with amusement.
 A persuasive Speech provides the audience with well-argued ideas that can influence
their own beliefs and decisions.

The purpose can be general and specific. Study the examples below to see the differences.

GENERAL PURPOSE SPECIFIC PURPOSE

To inform  To inform Grade 11 students about the importance of

effective money management.

To entertain  To entertain grade 11 students with interesting observations

of people who lack information literacy.

To persuade  To persuade the school administrators to promote financial

literacy among students.

3. Topic
The topic is your main topic and it can be determined once you have decided on your
purpose. If you are free to decide your own topic, choose one that can really interest you.
There are a variety of strategies used in selecting a topic, such as using your own personal
experiences, discussing with your family members or friends, free writing, listing, asking
questions, or semantic webbing.
Narrowing a topic means making your main idea more specific and focused. The
strategy in selecting a topic can also use when you narrow down a topic. Below is the
example.

Purpose To inform
General purpose To inform Grade 11 students on the importance of effective
money management
Topic Financial literacy or effective money management
Narrowing down a Effective money management
topic through listing Effective money management of Grade 11 students
Developing an effective money management of grade 11
students
Defining and developing effective money management skills of
grade 11 students

4. Data gathering

It is the stage where you collect ideas, information, sources, and references relevant or
related to your specific topic. This can be done by visiting the library, browsing the web,
observing a certain phenomenon or event related to your topic, or conducting an interview or
survey. The data that you will gather will be very useful in making your speech informative,
entertaining, and persuasive.

5. Writing patterns

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 In general, are structures that will help you organize the idea related to your topic.
Examples are biographical, categorical/typical, causal, chronological, comparison/contrast,
problem-solution, and spatial.

Below are different writing patterns from which you can select the one that best suits to your
topic.

Pattern Descriptions Types of Examples

speech
appropriate
to

Biographical Presents To inform Specific To inform my audience about my

descriptions of Purpose grandfather, the late former
your life or of a To entertain President Ramon Magsaysay
person, famous
or not Specific Describing the life and works of
Topic my grandfather, the late former
President Ramon Magsaysay

Categorical/ Presents related To inform Specific To persuade the community

categories Purpose members to reduce, reuse, and
Topical supporting the To entertain recycle as means of eliminating
topic garbage and protecting the
To persuade environment.

Specific Why the community members

Topic should promote reducing,
reusing, and recycling

Causal Presents cause- To inform Specific To inform my audience on the

effect purpose effects of overeating.
relationships
Specific Explaining the possible effect of
Topic overeating to one’s health

Chronological Presents the To inform Specific To inform my audience about the

idea in time Purpose significant events in the 1986
order EDSA Revolution or People
Power

Specific Describing the significant events

Topic before, during, and after the
1986 EDSA Revolution or People
Power

Comparison/ Presents To inform Specific To persuade the audience that

Contrast comparison/cont purpose living in the Philippines is better
rast of two or To persuade than living in Australia.
three points
Specific Explaining why the Philippines is
topic more habitable than Australia.

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 Problem- Presents an To inform Specific To persuade the audience to
solution identified Purpose support the educational
problem, its To persuade programs of the national
causes and government.
recommended
solutions Specific Explaining the reasons for
Topic supporting the government’s
educational programs seen as
the primary means of increasing
the literacy rate in the
Philippines.

An outline is a hierarchical list that shows the relationship of your ideas. A good outline
helps you see that all the ideas are in line with your main idea or message. The elements of an
outline include introduction, body and conclusion. An outline is a “blueprint” or “plan” for your
paper. It helps you to organize your thoughts and arguments. A good outline can make
conducting research and then writing the paper very efficient.

Roman numeral I should be your “Introduction”. In the introduction portion of your

paper, you’ll want to tell your reader what your paper is about and then tell what your paper
hopes to prove (your thesis). So an Introduction gives an overview of the topic and your thesis
statement.

The final Roman numeral should be your “Conclusion”. In the conclusion, you
summarize what you have told your reader.
(https://www.austincc.edu/tmthomas/sample%20outline%201.htm)

In addition to these formatting suggestions, there are some additional elements that
should be included at the beginning of your outline: the title, topic, specific purpose statement,
and thesis statement. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/

Other samples of Outlining

1. Table Format

Purpose To inform

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 Specific Purpose To persuade the community member to reduce, reuse and recycle
as means of eliminating garbage and protecting the environment.

Topic Promoting the importance of reducing, reusing, and recycling in

eliminating wastes and protecting the environment.

Pattern Problem-solution

Introduction Share facts on the current situation of the government.

State the message of the speech (Specific Topic)

Body Discuss how improper waste disposal becomes an environmental

problem.

Explaining how reducing, reusing, and recycling would eliminate

wastes and protect the environment.

Conclusion State the specific purpose of your speech again.Call for action.

2. List Format

1.0 As of today, there is an alarming increase of wastes in our community.

1.1 According to Solid Waste Management Office, if we do not tale immediate action,
we might face more perils caused by natural disaster.
1.2 Now, I am going to talk about how to eliminate wastes and protect the environment.
2.0 Improper waste disposal causes environmental problems.
2.1 Wastes contaminate the soil.
2.2 Wastes contaminate the water.
2.3 Wastes can cause floods.
3.0 There are ways to eliminate wastes and protect the environment.
3.1 Reducing, reusing, and recycling can help eliminate wastes.
3.2 people should start doing these at home.
3.3 This solution should be supported by the local government.
4.0 We must act now
4.1 This solution should be supported by the local government.
4.2 Let us learn from the lessons in natural calamities we have experienced.

INTRODUCTION
The introduction is the foundation of the speech. Here, your primary goal is to get the
attention of your audience and present the subject or main idea of your speech. Your first
words should do so. The following are some strategies.
 Use a real-life experience and connect that experience to your subject.
 Use practical examples and explain their connection to your subject.
 Start with a familiar or strong quote and then explain what it means.
 Use facts or statistics and highlight their importance to your subject.
 Tell a personal story to illustrate your point.

BODY
The body of the speech provides an explanation, examples, or any details that can help
you deliver your purpose and explain the main idea of your speech.
One thing to consider when making a body of your speech is the focus or central idea. The
body of your speech should only have one central idea.

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 The following are some strategies to highlight your main idea.
 Present real-life or practical examples
 Show statistics
 Present comparison
 Share ideas from the experts or practitioners.

CONCLUSION
The conclusion restates the main idea of your speech. Furthermore, it provides a
summary, emphasizes the message, and calls for action. While the primary goal of the
introduction is to get the attention of your audience, the conclusion aims to leave the audience
with a memorable statement.
The following are some strategies.
 Begin your conclusion with a restatement of your message.
 Use positive examples, encouraging words, or memorable lines from songs or stories
familiar to your audience.
 Ask a question or series of questions that can make your audience reflect or ponder.

EDITING/REVISING
Your written speech involves correcting errors in mechanism, such as grammar,
punctuations, capitalization, unity coherence, and others. Andrew Dlugan (2003), an award
winning public speaker, list six power principles for speech editing.
 Edit for focus
“So what’s the point? What’s the message of the speech?”
Ensure that everything you have written, from introduction to conclusion, is related to your
central idea.
 Edit to clarity.
“I don’t understand the message because the examples or supporting details
were confusing.”
Make all your ideas in your speech clear by arranging them in logical order (e.g., main idea
first then support/examples, or support/examples first then main idea.)
 Edit for concision
“The speech was all over the place; the speaker kept on talking endlessly as if no
one was listening to him/her.”
Keep your speech short, simple, and clear by eliminating unrelated stories and sentences
and by using simple words.
 Edit for continuity
“The speech was too difficult to follow; I was lost in the middle.”
Keep the flow of your presentation smooth by adding transition words and phrases.
 Edit for variety
“I didn’t enjoy the speech because it was boring.”
Add spice to your speech by shifting tone and style from formal to conversational and vice-
versa, moving around the stage, or adding humor.
 Edit for impact and beauty.
“There’s nothing really special about the speech.”
Make your speech memorable by using these three strategies: surprise the audience,
use vivid descriptive images, write well-crafted and memorable lines, and use figures of
speech.
REHEARSING
Gives you an opportunity to identify what works and what does not work for you
and for your target audience. Some strategies include reading your speech aloud,
recording for your own analysis, or for your peers or coaches to give feedback on your
delivery.

Some guidelines in speech writing:

 Keep your words short and simple.

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 Avoid jargon, acronyms or technical words.
 Make your speech more personal. Use the personal pronoun “I” and “we”.
 Use active verbs and contractions.
 Be sensitive to your audience.
 Use metaphors and other figures of speech to effectively convey your point.
 Manage your time well.

MISSION 1. What I Have Learned

Directions: Based on what you have learned in this lesson, list the 5 principles or
components of speech writing. An example is provided for you as a guide.

Let us summarize!

Audience analysis involves identifying the

audience and adapting a speech to their
interests, level of understanding, attitudes,
and beliefs.

Speech Writing

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MISSION 2. What I Can Do

Instructions: Think of an interesting topic in your speech writing and make an audience
analysis checklist to know your target audience. Write your answer in a one whole sheet
of paper.

Topic: ____________________________________________________________________

Target audience

Profile

Age range

Male-female

Educational attainment

Nationality

Economic status

Situation

Time

Venue

Occasion

Psychology

Religion/beliefs

Attitude

Cultural ideologies

Needs/Interest

STACK: PERFORMANCE TASK.

Instructions: Read and analyze the sample speech. Revise the speech that it will have
an editing focus of your choice (whether it is an editing of focus, clarity, concision,
continuity, variety, impact and/or beauty). Write your revised speech in a separate sheet
of paper. Identify as well the editing style that you use. Write it at the bottom part of the
revised speech

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 May 15 of this year, I woke up with a happy heart. I thought to
myself, “when I reach 50 years old, 60 or beyond, I will look back to
this day and smile.” Then, I paid attention to my college graduation
picture, framed on a 4x6 decorative wood edging emblazoned with
beautiful memories. I reached for it, and held it closely, and uttered,
“10 years, and I think you did a pretty good job!” I slowly put it back to
the
side table, off to my working station across my sliding window to fulfil
one in my daily routine: journal writing. Then, I started: Dear journal,
“In my 10 years as a member of the noblest profession in the universe,
I have encountered several influential, inspiring and fabulous people.
So, today, as a tribute, I’m going to write about them, starting
off with my top three favorites”.
To begin with, I did not like my first pick. She was someone who
would always, always disagree with my ideas and decisions. I
remember one time while I asked her to sign my college admission
papers, she was infuriated because of my choice because I ticked
Mass Communications as my priority. It was a very long battle of
verbal argument. As expected, I did not win. Another, I came home
from school sharing I would want to extract the tooth of my lab partner
without an anesthesia because he’s irresponsible and ridiculous.
Instead of letting me vent and giving me a back rub, she defended the
behavior of my lab partner saying, “He must have a bad day. You have
to understand.” Precisely, she’s a devil’s advocate.
https://www.scribd.com/document/407258752/Speech

MISSION 3:
Instructions: Draft your speech. You may choose the topic and the purpose of the speech.
Follow the introduction-body-conclusion format. Write your answer on the space provided.

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Instructions: Write ORAL if the statement is true; write COMMUNICATION if it is false.

____1. An outline determines whether your supporting ideas match your main idea or not.
____2. Any speech should include an introduction, body and conclusion.
____3. In the introduction, you explain the importance of your topic by giving examples.
____4. Knowing the audience and the occasion is crucial in writing a speech.
____5. Rehearsing is a major requirement.

TEST II. SHORT RESPONSE

Instructions: Answer the following questions.

1. Why is it important to choose a good topic when writing a speech?

2. What questions should someone ask themselves before writing a speech?

3. Why is it important to know your audience?

4. Why is making an outline important?

5. What are the different kinds of outlines?

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