Working Model of IoT Embedded Smart Polyhouse Agriculture System Section A-Research paper

ISSN 2063-5346
WORKING MODEL OF IOT EMBEDDED
SMART POLYHOUSE AGRICULTURE
SYSTEM

Ramandeep Sandhu1*, Pichakuntla Sai Charn2*, Dalavai Surya3*,

Mohammad Faiz4*
Article History: Received: 01.02.2023 Revised: 07.03.2023 Accepted: 10.04.2023

Abstract
In the technological embedded world, IoT has taken a long gait towards making the society a
smart society whether it is in terms of education, life style, health care or agriculture. Keeping
into consideration various benefits of IoT, this research paper presents a working model of an
IoT embedded smart polyhouse agriculture system. The system utilizes various sensors to
collect environmental data, which is processed by a microcontroller and sent to the cloud for
analysis. The proposed system is capable of controlling various actuators to maintain optimal
growing conditions for crops, and alerts the farmer in case of critical environmental changes.
Apart from this, it is a mobile connected agriculture system which connects mobile app with
the farmer to remotely monitor and control the polyhouse environment, while data analytics
provide insights that can help improve crop management. The proposed system has the potential
to significantly increase crop yield and reduce water usage in agriculture, while also providing
real-time monitoring and control for farmers.

Keywords: Smart Polyhouse Setup, Internet of Things, Soil Moisture sensor, DHT11 Sensor,
Greenhouses, Smart Agriculture
1,4
Assistant Professor, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional
University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
2,3
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara,
Punjab, India

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected]

DOI:10.31838/ecb/2023.12.s1-B.208

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Working Model of IoT Embedded Smart Polyhouse Agriculture System Section A-Research paper

1 Introduction Other than conventional agricultural

Agriculture is the backbone of the world's practices, technique, and methods like usual
economy, and the food production industry agricultural operation (pre-harvest and post-
has been undergoing rapid transformation in harvest), one component which separates a
recent years due to advances in technology Polyhouse from a traditional farm is the
[1-6]. With the global population expected to control and monitoring of the process
reach 9.7 billion by 2050, food production parameters. In this study, a remote irrigation
needs to increase by 70% to meet the monitoring and control system was
growing demand. In this context, the Internet evaluated for precise control irrigation in
of Things (IoT) technology plays a water-scarce locations. In India, there are
significant role in improving agricultural currently very few businesses as well as
productivity. IoT embedded smart service providers engaged in the control,
agriculture leads to the development of smart supervision, and automation of polyhouses;
farming techniques, where data from in the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, and
sensors, actuators, and other sources can be Tamil Nadu has the major example. The
used to optimize crop management [7]. One acceptance of Polyhouses will automatically
such application of IoT in agriculture is the lead to a big leap in demand for better control
development of smart polyhouse agriculture and automation [21].
systems [8-14]. To offer more automated supervision,
A polyhouse is an enclosed structure multiple greenhouse climate and crop
designed to protect crops from external models have been designed. In prior
weather conditions and pests. It is a research, a summary of present-day
controlled environment where farmers can greenhouse climate models is provided. An
grow crops year-round, regardless of the outline of greenhouse crop models and
external climate. A smart polyhouse modeling methodologies are offered in
agriculture system integrates IoT technology previous research. Dynamic crop and
with the polyhouse environment to improve greenhouse climate models have been
crop yields and reduce labor costs [15-16]. In utilized to establish set points automatically
this research paper, we present a working and replace grower decision-making.
model of an IoT embedded smart polyhouse Automated algorithms can regulate
agriculture system. The system comprises greenhouse climate as well as crop growth if
sensors to collect data on environmental climate and crop simulation models are
parameters, microcontrollers to process the coupled and connected to a greenhouse's
data, actuators to control the environment, a sensors and actuators. In Netherlands,
cloud platform to store and analyze the data, similar studies with tomatoes and sweet
a mobile app for remote monitoring and peppers have been carried out successfully.
control, an alerting system for critical In this experiment, climate simulations were
environmental changes, and data analytics done using actual weather conditions and
for generating insights [17]. The proposed projections. In order to forecast future crop
system can help farmers to optimize crop growth and improvement for various sets of
management by providing real-time data on setpoints, crop growth simulation was
environmental conditions and enabling conducted concurrently with the cropping
remote monitoring and control. The system cycle [22]. The best set was then
can also reduce labor costs by automating automatically used in the greenhouse. The
tasks like watering and ventilation. We computations were performed daily basis,
believe that our proposed system can be a though this, crops were cultivated using an
significant step towards sustainable and optimum management approach. Various
efficient food production [18-20]. tomato experiments also have been carried
out in the recent past for this research point
of view.

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Working Model of IoT Embedded Smart Polyhouse Agriculture System Section A-Research paper

Software Application: (2018) in leaves. Hence high

YOLOv5 is an open-source object detection [26] temperature or dryness in the
model that can quickly and accurately environment causes crops to
identify objects in images or videos of any not properly function. Hence
size, shape, or color. It has many it is important to control
applications, including autonomous driving, humidity and temperature of
security and surveillance, object tracking, the environment where crop is
and object recognition. Makesense AI is a grown. For controlling these
software platform that provides tools and factors, we need to monitor
services for creating and managing AI- these factors carefully and
powered applications. By using Makesense continuedly. This task is done
AI, it is possible to identify healthy and by sensors. So as these factors
diseased leaves with the help of YOLOv5. reaches a pre-set threshold,
This allows to process data easily by the sensor sends signal to the
uploading photos or videos to quickly detect microcontroller, and hence
and differentiate between healthy and turning on foggers that
diseased leaves [23-25]. sprinkles water and hence
creates a humid environment.
Kulkarni Researchers in their proposed
In this work, various sensors have been used et. al., method stated that fully
for the purpose of monitoring different (2020) in automatic set up mode inside
parameters like temperature, humidity, soil [27] a greenhouse can efficiently
moisture, a real-time sensing device, and an react to climatic changes by
Arduino. It has been noted that various well-equipped systems. And
growth conditions are required for tomato its effectiveness provides
crop which are most favorable for their quick and effective results. As
growth and prevents various pest and disease this set up works on feedback
infestation. The working of proposed device system, the greenhouse can
is performed in the Lovely Professional quickly adapt and respond to
University field polyhouse according to external stimuli like change in
predefined parameters. temperature and humidity. As
2 Literature Review developments for automatic
Polyhouse with automation is latest trend set ups are going on with the
which is taking long strides towards its help of IoT, the probability
inclusion in farming. More return on for errors can be significantly
investment has become need of an hour in reduced.
today’s technological era not only in farming Raja et. The authors worked upon
society but in all fields of the world. Table 1 al., (2018) irrigation with the help of
as described below explores the findings by in [28] sensor as well as IoT sensors.
different authors during their research work. Hence by using these
methods, farmers can be
relieved of physical presence
Table 1: Research Findings Details at the time of irrigation. and
Authors Findings of the Research by using these technologies,
work monitoring of temperature,
humidity, moisture and water
Kuthada Researchers in the proposed
level in greenhouses or
et.al., approach stated that relative
polyhouses can be done
humidity influences
efficiently and with ease.
photosynthesis and growth of

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Working Model of IoT Embedded Smart Polyhouse Agriculture System Section A-Research paper

Kumari The proposed work stated that ideal platform for rapidly prototyping and
et.al., as traditional irrigation developing IoT applications. NodeMCU is
(2021) in methods face several widely used in applications such as home
[29] problems like over irrigation, automation, robotics, remote control, sensor
leaching etc., the need for monitoring, etc. It is popular for being user
new irrigation systems is friendly and user friendly. The latest version
necessary. One such system of NodeMCU is the ESP32, which features
which is recently developed is an improved processor and more memory.
called automatic irrigation The ESP32 offers improved performance,
system which uses soil more features and wider range of
moisture sensor to detect soil applications.
water and ESP32
microcontroller which is used
to regulate water flow and to
control different devices
through URL of the user’s
mobile phone.
Ahonen The researchers proposed
et. al., various important parameters Fig. 1: NodeMCU Board
(2008) in linked with greenhouse. The
[30] team worked upon various
signals generated in Specification: Following are various
polyhouse system. It is a specification points of Board
controlled version of  Model type used - ESP32
greenhouse with better  Processor- Tensilica LX6 Dual-Core
outcomes.
 Standard clocking frequency - 240
MHz
Smart polyhouse monitoring is helpful to  SRAM & Memory – 512 kb & 4mb
control the environment conditions inside  Wireless Standard - 802.11 b/g/n
polyhouse without human intervention [31-  FREQUENCY – 2, 4 GHz
34].  Bluetooth Connectivity - Classic / LE
 Interface-
DC/DAC/ADC/12C/SPI/UART
3. Proposed System Modelling  Voltage – 3.3V which is operated by a
Components 5v microusb
Various Components used for Smart  Functional temperature – from -40°C to
Agriculture: Following are the various about 125°C
components used for the proposed smart
agriculture system. NodeMCU Board is an open-source
Node MCU ESP32 software & development kit that allows
As shown in Fig. 1, It is an open-source people to prototype their Internet of Things
software & development kit that allows (IoT) devices as shown in Fig. 2.
people to prototype their Internet of Things
(IoT) devices. It is based on the ESP8266, a
low-cost Wi-Fi microcontroller with an
integrated TCP/IP stack and a
microcontroller. The Lua scripting language
is used to programme NodeMCU. It is an

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Working Model of IoT Embedded Smart Polyhouse Agriculture System Section A-Research paper

Fig. 2: NodeMCU Board

Bread board
A breadboard is a type of solder less
electronic prototyping board. It is used to
build and test circuits temporarily without Fig. 3: Bread Board
having to solder components together.
Breadboards are often used to create Soil moisture sensor
prototypes and to experiment with circuit Soil moisture sensors are instruments that
designs before creating a permanent circuit monitor the level of moisture in the soil.
board. Fig. 3 represents the configuration of They are used in agriculture and gardening to
bread board. Breadboard is a type of solder monitor the amount of water in the soil and
less electronic prototyping board. to make sure that plants are getting the right
Breadboards are used to build and test amount of water. Soil moisture sensors can
circuits temporarily without having to solder detect moisture levels in a variety of soil
components together. Breadboards are often types and moisture levels, including dry,
used to create prototypes and to experiment wet, and saturated soils. They are available
with circuit designs before creating a in various types and sizes, and can be used to
permanent circuit board. monitor a single area or multiple areas at
Specification of Bread board: once. Soil moisture sensors can be used to
help farmers and gardeners better manage
Various important parameters required for their irrigation schedules, saving water and
working of bread board are listed below. energy and helping to protect the
 2 Distribution Strips environment.
 21 to 26 AWG wire Specification of soil moisture sensor are
 200 tie points listed below.
 630 tie points inside IC
 Range- Can measure on a range of 0 –
 Withstanding Voltage is 1,000V 45% is soil volumetric water.
Maximum voltage – about 1000
 Accuracy –of about ±4%
 500MΩ - resistance of insulation
 Power - 3 mA @ 5VDC
 Dimension is 6.5x4.4x0.3 In
 Operational temperature - 104°F -
 Maximum current is 5 Amps 140°F
 Distortion Temperature of ABS 183° F  Active sensor length - 5 cm
(84° C)
 Calibration is stored inside
 Pitch Style - 2.54 mm
 Slope & intercept - 108%/ volt & -42%
DHT 11 sensor
The DHT11 is a relatively affordable digital
humidity & temperature sensor. It measures
the ambient air with a thermistor and a
capacitive humidity sensor and sends a
digital signal via the data pin. It also features
an 8-bit microcontroller, which can be used

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Working Model of IoT Embedded Smart Polyhouse Agriculture System Section A-Research paper

to output data in a variety of formats, capacitor. They can also be used to connect
including ASCII, binary, and even a two points on a breadboard, such as a power
dedicated protocol. This sensor is ideal for rail and a row of pins. Additionally, these are
applications such as air conditioning, used to jump across components to bypass
weather forecasting, and home automation. them in order to test a circuit. Jumper wires
The DHT11 is often used in combination are classified into three types: male to male,
with an Arduino board or Raspberry Pi board male to female, and female to female.
to create a variety of projects. Jumper wires are used to make the circuit
connections.
Specification:
 Voltage: 3.5V - 5.5V
 current: measuring current of 0.3mA &
standby current of 60uA
 Output data type: Serial
 Sensing temperature: 0°C - 50°C
 Sensing humidity: 20% - 90%
 Temperature and humidity resolution:
16-bit
 Accuracy: ±1(% or °C)
Relay Module
A relay which technically resembles an
electrical switch is used to control an
Fig. 4: Relay Module circuit
electrical regulate by opening and closing
contacts in the circuit system. It is usually
used when a circuit needs to be controlled Mini submersible water motor pump
remotely or when the current in the circuit is
too high to be handled by a switch. Relays A mini submersible water motor pump is a
are commonly used in automobiles and home type of submersible pump that is designed to
appliances. The four-model relay system is a pump water from a lower to a higher level. It
type of relay system that consists of four consists of a motor, an impeller and a pump
relays wired together in series. This relay casing. The motor is usually enclosed in a
system is used for applications that require sealed casing, and the impeller is mounted on
multiple stages of switching. The first relay the motor shaft. Water is drawn into the
is usually used to power the other relays, impeller and then forced out, creating a
while the remaining three relays are used to pressure differential that causes the water to
control different parts of the circuit. This rise. Mini submersible pumps are typically
system is often used in industrial used in applications such as aquariums,
applications, where multiple stages of sprinkler systems, and water features.
switching are needed for safety or to control
multiple functions. Specification:
 Wire Length: 25cm
Jumper wires  Functioning Voltage: 12V
Jumper wires are short pieces of wire used to  Functioning Current: 130 - 220mA
connect two points in an electronic circuit.  Rate of flow: 80 - 120 liters/hour
These are commonly used to connect two  Max. Lift: 40 - 110 mm
points on a circuit board, such as a power  Outlet diameter (outside): 7.35 mm
supply and a ground, or a resistor and a  Outlet diameter (inside): 4.5 mm

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Working Model of IoT Embedded Smart Polyhouse Agriculture System Section A-Research paper

Working Model Using Circuit

Connections:

Fig: 7: The implemented Connections

Fig. 5: Motor pump
As depicted in Fig. 5, Motor pump is used to Fig. 7 depicts that the soil moisture is
pump the water. possible to check through inserting the
probes of the soil moisture sensors into the
soil. If the soil doesn’t meet the desired
LED
conditions, a signal is sent from the DO pin
An LED (light-emitting diodes) is an electric of the sensor to the ESP32 Microcontroller.
light bulb which uses a heavily doped P- N The processor will give instructions to the
junction diode which converts electric to cooling pad to turn on as the temperature is
mechanical energy. The blubs using LEDs higher that the pre-set value of the DHT11
are designed to last longer and use far less sensor. Then the cooling pad will provide
energy than traditional incandescent bulbs. cooling to the crop.
LED bulbs are available in a variety of
shapes, sizes, and color temperatures,
making them a great choice for both Output of implemented IOT enabled
residential and commercial lighting Setup:
applications.
As this innovative model has been
implemented in real field. The work has used
polyhouse of LPU (indoor implementation).
As shown in Fig. 8, it can be identified that
the implemented approach is successfully
recording the temperature of the agriculture.
The x-axis of the graph represents date and
y-axis represents temperature. It makes a
note of temperatures recorded every day.
Fig. 6: LED Circuit

Fig. 6 shows the LED view. LED is a light

emitting diode which converts electrical
energy into mechanical energy and produce
light.

Fig: 8: The Temperature data chart

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Working Model of IoT Embedded Smart Polyhouse Agriculture System Section A-Research paper

Conclusion: Communication and Electronics

The proposed system is a cost-effective and Systems, ICCES 2021, (Institute of
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