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Lesson 2 The Differentiation Rules For Algebraic Functions

Basic Calculus Grade 11

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prevendidosamantha
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41 views

Lesson 2 The Differentiation Rules For Algebraic Functions

Basic Calculus Grade 11

Uploaded by

prevendidosamantha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE DIFFERENTIATION RULES

FOR ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS


Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

(1) apply the differentiation rules in computing the


derivative of algebraic functions.
In the previous lesson, the delta method and the definition of
the derivative were used in finding the derivatives of functions.
Using these methods is very time- consuming. The following
rules for finding the derivatives of algebraic functions are
easier to use. However, these rules are derived using the delta
method and the definition of derivatives.

For familiarization with the notations of the derivative, we will


use any of the following:
′ ′ 𝑑𝑦
𝑓 𝑥 , 𝑦 ,
𝑑𝑥
EXAMPLE 4. Find the derivative of 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙−𝟒 .

Solution:

𝑦 = 3𝑥 −4
𝑦 ′ = 3(−4)𝑥 −4−1
𝑦 ′ = −12𝑥 − 5

We can simplify the answer still by making the exponent


1
positive. Remember that 𝑥 = so,
−1
𝑥

−𝟏𝟐
𝑦′ = −12𝑥 − 5 is equal to 𝐲′ =
𝒙𝟓
𝟑
EXAMPLE 5. Find the derivative of 𝒇 𝒙 =
𝟒𝒙𝟓

Solution:
Rewrite the function in the form y= c f(x).
3
f 𝑥 = 5
4𝑥
3𝑥 −5
𝑓 𝑥 = (only the variable will go up in the numerator)
4
Find the derivative

3(−5)𝑥 −5−1
𝑓′ 𝑥 =
4

−𝟏𝟓 𝒙−𝟔 −𝟏𝟓


𝒇′ 𝒙 = or 𝒇′ 𝒙 =
𝟒 𝟒𝒙𝟔
RULE 4. The Sum And Difference Rule

If f(x) and g(x) are differentiable functions, then


EXAMPLE 6. Find f ‘ (x) of f (x) = 𝟑𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔

Solution:
f (x) = 3𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 6

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
f ‘ (x) = 4 3 2
(3𝑥 ) + (2𝑥 ) − (𝑥 ) + (6)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

f ‘ (x) = 4(3)𝑥 4−1 + 3(2)𝑥 3−1 − 2(1)𝑥 2−1 + 0

f ‘ (x) = 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙


Let’s Practice!
Find the derivative of the following:
1.) f(x)= 5𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 + 8

2.) y= 6𝑥 4 − 7𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 + 3

3
3.) f(x)= 𝑥

4.) g(x)= 5𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 −2

4 2
5.) h(x)= 5 +
𝑥 3𝑥 3
1.) f(x)= 5𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 + 8

SOLUTION:
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
f(x)= (5𝑥 4 ) + (3𝑥 3 ) − (6𝑥) + (8)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

f’(x)= 4(5)𝑥 4−1 + 3(3)𝑥 3−1 − 1(6)𝑥 1−1 𝑥 + 0

f’(x)= 𝟐𝟎𝒙𝟑 + 𝟗𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔


2.) y= 6𝑥 4 − 7𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 + 3

SOLUTION:
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
y’= (6𝑥 4 ) − (7𝑥 3 ) + (5𝑥 2 ) + (3)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

y’= 24𝑥 3 − 21𝑥 2 + 10𝑥


3
3.) f(x)= 𝑥

SOLUTION:
1
Rewrite the function: f(x)= 𝑥 3

Find the derivative:


1 1−1
f’(x)= 𝑥3
3 1 3
1 −
f’(x)= 𝑥 3
3
3
1 −2
f’(x)= 𝑥 3
3

1
Or f’(x)= 2
3𝑥 3
4.) g(x)= 5𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 −2

Solution:
𝑑 𝑑
g’(x)= (5𝑥 3 ) − (4𝑥 −2 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

g’(x)= 15𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 −3

8
Or g’(x)= 15𝑥 2 −
𝑥3
4 2
5.) h(x)= 5 + 3
𝑥 3𝑥

SOLUTION:
REWRITE:
−3
2𝑥
ℎ 𝑥 = 4𝑥 −5 +
3
FIND THE DERIVATIVE:
−3
𝑑 𝑑 2𝑥
ℎ′ 𝑥 = (4𝑥 −5 ) +
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 3
−3−1
2𝑥
ℎ′ 𝑥 = (−5)4𝑥 −5−1 + −3
−4 3
−6
−6𝑥
ℎ′ 𝑥 = −20𝑥 +
3
′
20 2
𝑜𝑟 ℎ 𝑥 = − 6 − 4
𝑥 𝑥
7:
Alternative way of writing the product rule:
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
[𝑓 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 =𝑓 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

OR: IF 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑢 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑣 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛


𝑦 ′ = 𝑢𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑢
Read as y’ = u times the derivative of v + v times the derivative of u.
Example 8: Find the derivative of 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 3 2𝑥 + 5 .
𝑦 ′ = 𝑢𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑢

SOLUTION:

u= 4x-3 v= 2x+5

𝑦 ′ = 𝑢𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑢

𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 ′ = 4𝑥 − 3 2𝑥 + 5 + (2𝑥 + 5) 4𝑥 − 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑦 ′ = 4𝑥 − 3 2 + 2𝑥 + 5 4

𝑦 ′ = 8𝑥 − 6 + 8𝑥 + 20

𝒚′ = 𝟏𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏𝟒
On your own!

Find the derivative of:

1. 𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 7 2𝑥 + 4
2. 𝑓 𝑥 = (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1)(4𝑥 + 2)
𝑣𝑑𝑢 − (𝑢𝑑𝑣)
𝑜𝑟 𝑦′ =
𝑣2
EXAMPLE 9:
EXAMPLE 10:
Study Unit 2.Examples 12, 13, and 14, pages 40 - 41 of your
textbook for more examples of the application of the Quotient in
finding the derivative of a function.

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