BASIC RIGGING AND

SLINGGING
 RESPONSIBILITY
• It is a Dogman/Riggers responsibility to work with the crane
driver in a safe and responsible manner. Before working with a
crane, a Dogman/Rigger has a responsibility to ensure all the
rigging equipment are safe for use and ensure all load has been
determined.
 WHAT IS A HAZARD
Hazards can be any of the following things:
• Overhead Services (power, water, steam, chemical, gas
lines etc)
• Other Vehicles
• Pedestrians
• Buildings
• Excavations
• Uneven Ground
• Other workers
 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
• Before commencing work on site you must check as to the minimum PPE
requirements for that site
• The minimum PPE required on most sites is Hard Hat, Safety Boots, Safety
Glasses & Protective Clothing or as per Company/Site policy
• Hearing protection must be worn when operating noisy machines. Also ensure
you wear any special site/work area prescribed personal protection equipment
• Riggers should also wear gloves when working
 TAG LINES
• Use a single length of
rope for a tag line.
Never join two pieces
together.
• The minimum
diameter must be 16
mm
• Safe distance of tag
line is 1.5m x height
of load
 SLINGS
• Flat webbing & round
synthetic slings
• Flexible steel wire
rope (f.S.W.R.)
• Chain
 FLAT WEBBING & ROUND
SYNTHETIC SLINGS
The advantages :
• Wide flat load bearing surface.
• Lifts smooth or fragile objects without risk of damage
• High strength to weight ratio
• Light and flexible for good access in awkward locations
 WEBBING SLING TAG
• Manufacturer’s name or trademark.
• WLL for:
• Straight pull
• Choker hitch
• Basket hitch

• Limitation of application. (e.g. keep away

from acids, alkalis or organic solvents.)
• Month and year of manufacture.
• Identification marking correlating the sling
with a warranty certificate
 NOMINAL COLOUR
• SYNTHETIC SLINGS ARE NOMINALLY COLOURED TO
EASILY INDICATE THE WLL OF EACH SLING
Working load limit (t) Colour
1 Violet
2 Green
3 Yellow
4 Grey
5 Red
6 Brown
8 Blue
≥10 Orange
INSPECTION & DEFECTS
• Missing or unreadable WLL tag
• Damage to the stitching
• Damage to the eye or any terminal attachments or
end fitting
• Any external wear such as abrasion or cuts &
contusions
• Any damage caused by high temperatures, sunlight
or chemicals
INSPECTION & DEFECTS
 FLEXIBLE STEEL WIRE ROPE
(F.S.W.R.) Core

5 main parts that make up the construction of a

wire rope.
(1) Wire Wire

(2) Strand
(3) Core
Strand

(4) Rope
Rope
THE BASIC REASONS FOR
DETERIORATION
 CHAIN
• Never use alloy chain sling of less that
5.5mm diameter for lifting
• Never use a chain sling without its WLL tag
• Never overload a chain sling, check its WLL
tag before doing the lift
• Never use a chain over sharp edges without
proper packing
UNDERSTANDING A LIFTING
CHAIN CAPACITY CHART
CHAIN TAGGING

NO TAG NO
LIFTING
CHAIN SLING AND
ACCESSORIES

Hammer lock
Master link

Stamp on Chain
Shortness

Hook
 SLINGING FACTOR
LOAD FACTOR / REEVE FACTOR / CHOKE FACTOR
 ANGLE FACTOR
• Maximum angle at which any sling can
be used at is 120˚
• Maximum recommended angle is 90˚
• Optimum lifting angle is 60˚(balance)
• Maximum Lifting angle on a crane hook Angle Angle Factor

is 90° 30°
45°
1.93
1.85
60° 1.73
• FSWR single wrap max. angle is 45˚ 90°
120°
1.41
1.00

• FSWR double wrap max. angle is 60˚

ANGLE FACTOR
 FORMULA
• To find WLL of sling
• WLL = Weight ÷ A/F (Angle Factor) ÷ L/F (Load Factor)

• Weight 20Tonnes, Angle 60˚ [A/F 1.73], Load Factor [0.75]

• WLL= W ÷A/F ÷L/F = 20 ÷ 1.73÷ 0.75
• = 15.41t
 SHACKLE
• There are several different types of shackles available in industry today, the two main types being a Dee shackle
and a Bow shackle
• A “Dee” shackle is mainly used to attach the sling eye or hook to an eyebolt or lifting point where the pull is in a
straight line
• A bow shackle is designed to attach two or more sling eyes to a lifting hook.
• The reason for the bow is so that the sling eyes will sit alongside each other in the shackle and not on top of
each other
• Never use a shackle that doesn’t have its WLL stamped on it or has one that is unreadable.
• Make sure that the shackle has the same WLL as the sling it is attached to.
• Always tighten the pin finger tight and back the pin off slightly to prevent locking under tension
VARIOUS TYPES OF SHACKLE

DEE BOW
SHACKLE SHACKLE
 NEVER
REPLACE
A SHACKLE PIN
WITH A BOLT
 BULLDOG GRIPS
• A ‘Bulldog Grip’ is a rope grip. Bulldog grips consist of a bridge, or saddle & a
threaded U-bolt

• Bulldog grips are only suitable for permanent fixed stays or grips. They can
be a dangerous fitting if not used correctly

• Never place the U-bolt on the ‘live’ end of a rope as the crushing action of the
U-bolt can break the rope
Min 1xD 6d

✓ 
OUTRIGGER PACKING
LOAD CHART
MEINHARDT CHECKLIST
 CALCULATION
UNDERGROUND TANK
Wire Rope Sling
Q1 Find Capacity of Rigging Find Sling Angle
? WLL = 7T Sin ð = O ÷ H
Length = 3.2m SWL Sling = Load ÷ Angle Factor ÷ Load Factor Sin ð = 1.8 ÷ 3.2
Weight = 150kg
Sling Configuration = Straight = L ÷ A/F ÷ L/F ð = 34⁰
= 5.9 ÷ 1.73 ÷ 1 = 60⁰ @ 1.73
= 3.4T minimum WLL for each Wire
Rope Sling to Lift UG Tank 60,000L
2740mm 3600mm 2745mm

LOAD = 5.9T

Q2 Cribbing @ Outrigger Base Required

Underground tank = 60,000L
Cribbing required = Load Bearing Pressure ÷ Ground Bearing Pressure
Mobile crane = 45T
Wire Rope Sling WLL = 7T = {(L. Crane + Total L.) ÷ No. of Outrigger} ÷
Radius Lifted = 11M Hard Rock from GBP Table
Total Load = 6.9T = {(45T + 6.9T) ÷ 5} ÷ 60T/SQ Feet
= 0.17 SQ Feet Size of Cribbing
 CALCULATION
I-BEAM
Webbing Sling
90⁰
WLL = 3T
90
Length = 8m
Weight = 10kg
45⁰ 45⁰
Sling Configuration = Straight

1.9M 11.2M 1.9M

60⁰

LOAD = 0.8T
60⁰ 60⁰
15M

Q1. Find Sling Angle Q2. SWL Sling = Load ÷ Angle Factor ÷ Load Factor
Sin 45 = O ÷ 8 = 0.8 ÷ 1.41 ÷ 0.5
O = 5.6m = 11.2 = 1.13T minimum WLL for each Webbing

45⁰ H=8M
Sling to Lifted I Beam 0.8T

O=?