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C# in A Nutshell - Code Listings - 5

The document discusses C# language basics including syntax, types, operators, and statements. It provides code examples of using equality, comparison, logical, and conditional operators and explains short-circuiting behavior.

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mbsysde
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26 views

C# in A Nutshell - Code Listings - 5

The document discusses C# language basics including syntax, types, operators, and statements. It provides code examples of using equality, comparison, logical, and conditional operators and explains short-circuiting behavior.

Uploaded by

mbsysde
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4/18/24, 1:15 AM C# in a Nutshell - Code Listings

Chapter 2 - C# Language Basics


A First C# Program

Syntax Basics

Type Basics

Numeric Types

Boolean Type and Operators


Equality and Comparison Operators

// == and != test for equality and inequality of any type, but always return a bool value
// (unless overloaded otherwise). Value types typically have a very simple notion of equality:

int x = 1;
int y = 2;
int z = 1;

Console.WriteLine (x == y); // False


Console.WriteLine (x != y); // True
Console.WriteLine (x == z); // True

Console.WriteLine (x < y); // True


Console.WriteLine (x >= z); // True

Equality with Reference Types

// For reference types, equality, by default, is based on reference, as opposed to the


// actual value of the underlying object (more on this in Chapter 6).

Dude d1 = new Dude ("John");


Dude d2 = new Dude ("John");
Console.WriteLine (d1 == d2); // False
Dude d3 = d1;
Console.WriteLine (d1 == d3); // True

public class Dude


{
public string Name;
public Dude (string n) { Name = n; }
}

And & Or Operators

// The && and || operators test for and and or conditions. They are frequently used in
// conjunction with the ! operator, which expresses not:

UseUmbrella (true, false, false).Dump(); // True


UseUmbrella (true, true, true).Dump(); // False

bool UseUmbrella (bool rainy, bool sunny, bool windy)


{
return !windy && (rainy || sunny);
}

Shortcircuiting

// The && and || operators short-circuit. This is essential in allowing expressions such as
// the following to run without throwing a NullReferenceException:

StringBuilder sb = null;

if (sb != null && sb.Length > 0)


Console.WriteLine ("sb has data");
else
Console.WriteLine ("sb is null or empty");

And & Or Operators - non-shortcircuiting

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// Same examples as before, but with & and | instead of && and ||.
// The results are identical, but without short-circuiting:

UseUmbrella (true, false, false).Dump(); // True


UseUmbrella (true, true, true).Dump(); // False

StringBuilder sb = null;

if (sb != null & sb.Length > 0) // Exception is thrown!


Console.WriteLine ("sb has data");
else
Console.WriteLine ("sb is null or empty");

bool UseUmbrella (bool rainy, bool sunny, bool windy)


{
return !windy & (rainy | sunny);
}

Conditional operator (ternary)

// The conditional operator (also called the ternary operator) has the form
// q ? a : b
// where if condition q is true, a is evaluated, else b is evaluated.

Max (2, 3).Dump();


Max (3, 2).Dump();

int Max (int a, int b)


{
return (a > b) ? a : b;
}

Strings and Characters

Arrays

Variables and Parameters

Expressions and Operators

Null Operators

Statements

Namespaces

C# 12
in a Nutshell
About the Book

Code Listings
C# 12 in a Nutshell
C# 10 in a Nutshell
C# 9.0 in a Nutshell
C# 8.0 in a Nutshell
C# 7.0 in a Nutshell

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Extras

Contact

Buy print or Kindle edition

Buy PDF edition

Read via O'Reilly subscription

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