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Exhaust Blowdown & Pumping Loss

The document discusses exhaust blow down loss and how opening the exhaust valve between 400-700 before bottom dead center can reduce this loss. It also discusses pumping loss, how it is the difference in work done during exhaust and suction strokes and how it affects volumetric efficiency and engine performance.

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ds8123395
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259 views2 pages

Exhaust Blowdown & Pumping Loss

The document discusses exhaust blow down loss and how opening the exhaust valve between 400-700 before bottom dead center can reduce this loss. It also discusses pumping loss, how it is the difference in work done during exhaust and suction strokes and how it affects volumetric efficiency and engine performance.

Uploaded by

ds8123395
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q. Explain about exhaust blow down loss?

Discuss the optimum


opening position of exhaust valve to reduce the exhaust blow down
loss.
A. Loss Due to Exhaust Blow Down:
If the exhaust valve is opened at dead centre, the piston has to do work
against high cylinder pressure during exhaust. If the exhaust valve is
opened too early, a part of expansion stroke is lost. The best compromise
is to open the exhaust valve 400 to 700 before BDC. The loss due to early
opening of exhaust valve is called ‘exhaust blow down loss.

Figure 1.12 Effect of Exhaust Valve Opening Time on Blow down

The cylinder pressure at the end of stroke is generally 7 bar. If


the exhaust is opened at BDC, then the piston has to do the work
against high pressure gases to exhaust and sufficient power is lost. If
the exhaust is opened too early during expansion, then expansion work
is lost. Therefore, the opening of the exhaust valve is timed between 40
to 70° crank rotations before BDC as per the compression ratio. This
reduces the cylinder pressure to halfway to atmospheric before the
exhaust stroke begins. This is shown in Fig. 1.12 by roundness of the p-v
diagram at the end of expansion stroke.
Q. What is loss due to gas exchange process/Pumping loss? Discuss its
effects on other parameters like speed, volumetric efficiency.
A. Loss due to Gas Exchange Process / Pumping Loss
The difference of work done in expelling the exhaust gases and the
work done by the fresh
Charge during the suction stroke is called pumping work. The pumping
work is a loss of work. This also affects the volumetric efficiency.
Pumping losses increases with
a) Part throttling b) Increase in speed.
The exhaust is generally carried out above atmospheric pressure and
suction takes place below atmospheric pressure. Therefore, a negative
loop is formed as shown in fig. 1, which is to be deducted from positive
loop of the cycle. This loss in work is known as pumping loss and it
cannot be avoided but can be minimised by optimising the exhaust
pressure and reducing the pressure and friction losses during suction.

Figure 1: The Pumping Loop

The pumping losses increase at part throttling as throttling reduces the


suction pressure. This also increases with increasing speed. This
pumping also affects the volumetric efficiency of the engine. The
performance of the engine depends upon volumetric efficiency to a
great extent. Therefore the factors affecting the volumetric efficiency
are discussed in detail.

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