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Nomenclature Table 1. Nomenclature: J K K Kx K P P r r µ T Z L φ A D

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
20 views12 pages

Nomenclature Table 1. Nomenclature: J K K Kx K P P r r µ T Z L φ A D

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NOMENCLATURE

Table 1. NOMENCLATURE
J Productivity index, SCF/psi2/day/cp
K Permeability, md

Kh Horizontal permeability, md kv Vertical permeability,


md
Kx Vertical permeability

Kave Average permeability, md

Pi Initial reservoir pressure, psi

Pwf Flowing bottom-hole pressure, psi

reh Drainage radius,ft.

rw’ Effective wellbore radius,ft.

µg Gas viscosity, cp

T Temperature, °F

Z Compressibility factor h Formation thickness, ft.

L well length,ft.

φ Porosity, %

A Area, ft2

D Depth, ft.
Abstract
oil and gas production plays an important role in
powering economies, industries, and societies around the
world, This study's objective objective is to Analysis of
the productivity of horizontal oil and gas wells ,
One of the best techniques used in production analysis is
the productivity index which is difined as a measure used
to evaluate the efficiency of production processes
in this project we used several models and correlations to
analyze the productivity of the horizontal well such as
Joshi’s Correlation and Giger-Reiss-Jourdan’s Correlation
and Borisov’s Correlation and We will study the effect of
changing permeability, length, and thickness on the well’s
productivity
Introduction
1-1 The Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR)

establishing the Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) for a horizontal well using the Stabilized
Pseudo-Steady State Productivity Index is a fundamental concept in petroleum engineering, crucial
for understanding and optimizing the production of hydrocarbons from oil and gas wells. It
establishes the connection between the flow rate of fluids from a reservoir and the corresponding
bottomhole pressure at the wellbore. By analyzing this relationship, engineers can assess well
productivity, make informed decisions about reservoir management, and enhance overall field
performance. The IPR is a key tool in the field of reservoir engineering, aiding in the efficient
extraction of valuable resources from subsurface formations.

The Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) has various practical applications in the oil and gas
industry:

1. Optimizing Production Rates: IPR helps optimize production rates by understanding how the
reservoir responds to different flow rates. This aids in maximizing the recovery of hydrocarbons.

2. Well Performance Analysis: It provides insights into the well's performance under various
operating conditions, allowing engineers to make informed decisions about production strategies.

3. Reservoir Management: IPR is essential for effective reservoir management, enabling engineers to
assess the reservoir's productivity, identify potential issues, and plan interventions to enhance
recovery.

4. Well Test Analysis: IPR is often used to interpret well test data, helping to estimate reservoir
parameters and characterize the reservoir's behavior.

1-2 definition and objective of Productivity Index


The Productivity Index (PI) is a key parameter in reservoir engineering used to quantify the
productivity of an oil or gas well. It is defined as the ratio of the well's actual production rate to the
pressure drawdown in the reservoir. Mathematically, the productivity index is expressed as:

\[PI = \frac{Q}{\Delta P}\]

where:
- \(PI\) is the Productivity Index,
- \(Q\) is the well's actual production rate, and
- \(\Delta P\) is the pressure drawdown in the reservoir.

The productivity index provides valuable information about the efficiency of fluid flow from the
reservoir to the wellbore. A higher productivity index indicates a more efficient well, capable of
producing higher volumes of hydrocarbons for a given pressure drawdown.

Reservoir engineers use the productivity index in conjunction with other parameters, such as
reservoir pressure, wellbore radius, and fluid properties, to assess and optimize well performance. It
plays a crucial role in well testing, reservoir simulation, and the overall understanding of reservoir
behavior.

1-3 Horizontal well


Horizontal well is an oil and gas well ,drilled from surface to subsurface then deviating the wellbore
to intersect the reservoir at near horizontal inclination.

Why drill horizontal wells?


Even the high cost of drilling a horizontal wells is around three times more than conventional
vertical well still preferred due to high efficiency and production yield and listed below some are
some of significant reasons for drilling a horizontal well
1-to reach inaccessible reservoirs (the case when oil and gas reservoir is located in A residential city
from where drilling a vertical well is nearly impossible ,in this case recovery from the reservoir can
be made using a horizontal well drilling setup
2-the wellbore is drilled horizontally through the reservoir rock, parallel to the oil-bearing formation.
This design allows for increased contact with the reservoir, enhancing the recovery of oil or gas
compared to traditional vertical wells.

1-4 Flow Regimes


Flow regimes are associated with different boundary conditions. Three flow regimes are usually
identified, The flow regime depends on the boundary condition, and it can be identified by the
rate of change in pressure with time
1-steady state
pressure at every location in the reservoir remains constant, and
no change with time, when the reservoir is completely recharge and
support by strong aquifer or pressure maintains.
The constant-pressure boundary can be an aquifer or a water injection well

2-unsteady State (Transient Flow)


can be defined as a flow regime where the pressure at any point in the reservoir declines at the
same constant rate over time.
3-Pseudo steady State.( semi steady state)
can be defined as a flow regime where the pressure at any point in the reservoir declines at the
same constant rate over time.
Pseudo steady State is the most important type because the productivity index stable during it
and this is important in predict production for the coming years and for the future production
plan .
Chapter Four
Methodology

4.1 Data preparation


The required data for this project divided to . Reservoir and Fluid
Properties of oil and gas well which we will used to calculating the
productivity index of horizontal oil and gas wells . These data are
shown in following tables

Table 4-1: Important Reservoir and Fluid (gas) properties

Parameters Base Case Range


Formation thickness (h), ft. 30 10-50
Horizontal permeability(kh), md. 0.1 0.1-0.5
Gas Viscosity (u), cp. 0.019 0.019
Depth (d), ft. 6000 6000-7000
Length of horizontal well (L), ft. 2000 1000-2500
Wellbore radius (rw), ft. 0.5 0.5
Vertical Permeability (kv), md. 0.01 0.01-0.5
Temperature (T), oF. 120 120
Reservoir radius (re), ft. 2000 2000-4000
Skin factor(s). 0 0
InitialReservoir pressure (P), psi. 3000 3000
Flowing bottom-hole pressure 500 500
(pwf), psi.
Drainage Area (a×b), ft2. 2000-4000 2000-4000
Center of the well in the mid-point mid-point
vertical plane (Zo), ft.
Porosity. 10 10
Swi. 0.25 0.25
Rock Compressibility. 3.003 E-3 3.003 E-3
4.2 Horizontal Well Productivity Index Correlations
for gas well
4.2.1 Steady State Correlations
There are four major steady state correlations to predict the productivity
index of gas horizontal wells. These methods are:

1. Borisov’s method.

2. Giger-Reiss-Jourdan method.

3. Joshi’s method.

4. Rendard-Dupuy method.

4.2.1.1 Borisov’s Correlation:

The prediction of productivity index of horizontal gas well is


corrected from the horizontal oil well equation by the
compressibility and viscosity difference between oil (slightly
compressible) and gas (compressible). Thus, the equation will be:

4.2.1.2 Giger-Reiss-Jourdan’s Correlation:

The prediction of productivity index of horizontal gas well is


corrected from the horizontal oil well equation by the
compressibility and viscosity difference between oil (slightly
compressible) and gas (compressible). Thus, the equation will be:

Isotropic reservoir:
where

4.2.1.3 Joshi’s Correlation:


The prediction of productivity index of horizontal gas well is corrected
from the horizontal oil well equation by the compressibility and
viscosity difference between oil (slightly compressible) and gas
(compressible). Thus, the equation will be:
4.3 Horizontal Well Productivity Index Correlations
for oil well
Joshi (1988) presented the following relationship considering the
steady-state flow of oil in the horizontal plane and the pseudo-steady-
state flow:

Where
k

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