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Introduction To Binomial distributionMS

The document discusses solutions to exercises involving the binomial distribution. It includes examples of calculating probabilities of binomial random variables being equal to or less than certain values using the binomial probability mass function. Sample sizes and probabilities of events are given for several word problems involving binomial random variables.

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nicolee2006
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© © All Rights Reserved
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36 views

Introduction To Binomial distributionMS

The document discusses solutions to exercises involving the binomial distribution. It includes examples of calculating probabilities of binomial random variables being equal to or less than certain values using the binomial probability mass function. Sample sizes and probabilities of events are given for several word problems involving binomial random variables.

Uploaded by

nicolee2006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Edexcel AS Mathematics The binomial distribution

Section 1: Introducing the binomial distribution

Solutions to Exercise level 2


1. Let X be the number of correct answers, so X ~ B(10, 0.2)
(i) P( X  1)  10 C 1  0.2 1  0.8 9  0.2684 (4 s.f.)
(ii) P( X  5 )  10 C 5  0.2 5  0.8 5  0.02642 (4 s.f.)
(iii) P( X  3)  P( X  2)  0.6778 (4 s.f.)
(iv) P( X  2)  1  P( X  1)  1  0.3758  0.6242 (4 s.f.)

2. Let X be the number of heads obtained, so X ~ B(10, 0.4)


(i) P( X  5 )  P( X  4)  0.6331 (4 s.f.)
(ii) P( X  5 )  10 C 5  0.45  0.6 5  0.2007 (4 s.f.)
(iii) P( X  3)  1  P( X  3)  1  0.3823  0.6177 (4 s.f.)
(iv) Let Y be the number of occasions on which exactly 5 heads are obtained,
so Y ~ B(7, 0.2007)
P(Y  2)  7 C 2  0.2007 2  0.7993 5  0.276 (3 s.f.)

3. Let X be the number of white bulbs.


X ~ B(n, 0.2)
P(X ≥ 1) > 0.95
1 – P(X = 0) > 0.95
P(X = 0) < 0.05
0.8n  0.05
0.8 13  0.055 and 0.8 14  0.044
The least number of bulbs that must be selected is 14.

4. (i) X ~ B(6, 0.15)


(a) P(X = 0)  0.85 6  0.377 (3 s.f.)

(b) P(X = 1)  6  0.15 (0.85)5  0.399 (3 s.f.)

(c) P(X > 1) = 1 – P(X  1)


 1  0.776
 0.224 (3 s.f.)

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Edexcel AS Maths Binomial distribution 1 Exercise solutions

(d) P(X = 3)  6 C 3(0.15 )3(0.85 )3


6 5 4
 (0.15 )3(0.85 )3  0.0415 (3 s.f.)
123

(ii) Let Y be the number of weeks in which I arrive with my suitcase on all
flights.
Y ~ B(4, 0.856)
P(Y = 3)  4 (0.85 6 )3 (1  0.85 6 )  0.134

5. (i) Could be argued either way – either that it is reasonable to assume that the each trial
is independent and the probability of success is constant, or that it is not reasonable
as the outcome of each trial could affect the next (improving with practice, or loss of
confidence).

(ii) Let X be the number of scores in 10 free shots, so X ~ B(10, 0.35)


P( X  4)  P( X  3)  0.5138 (4 s.f.)

(iii) Let Y be the number of times that she scores fewer than 4 times in a set,
so Y ~ B(5, 0.5138)
P(Y  3)  5 C 3  0.5138 3  0.4862 2  0.321 (3 s.f.)

6. P( X  10)  21 C 10  p 10(1  p )11


P( X  9)  21 C 9  p 9(1  p )12

21 C 10  p 10(1  p )11  21 C 9  p 9(1  p )12


21! 10 21!
p (1  p )11  p 9(1  p )12
10! 11! 9! 12!
12! 10!
p (1  p )
11! 9!
12 p  10  10 p
22 p  10
p 5
11

7. (i) Let X be the number of left-handed people in a sample of 10, so X ~ B(10, 0.2)
P( X  3)  10 C 3  0.2 3  0.8 7  0.2013 (4 s.f.)

(ii) Let Y be the number of left-handed people in a sample of 15, so Y ~ B(15, 0.2)
P(Y  7.5 )  1  P(Y  7)  1  0.9958  0.0042 (4 s.f.)

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Edexcel AS Maths Binomial distribution 1 Exercise solutions

(iii) Let Z be the number of left-handed people in a sample of 12, so Z ~ B(12, 0.2)
Mean of Z = 12  0.2  2.4
P( Z  2)  12 C 2  0.2 2  0.8 10  0.2835 (4 s.f.)
P( Z  3)  12 C 3  0.2 3  0.8 9  0.2262 (4 s.f.)
so the most likely number is 2.

(iv) Let W ~ B(n, 0.2)


P(W  0)  0.8n
0.8 n  0.05
n log0.8  log0.05
n  13.4
so the sample must be at least 14 people.

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