LAG - Midterm Test 2

Exercise 1 .
LE T: NÉ → IR
}
be the linear transformation with

associated matusa

( )
2 0 0

A- 0
o 2

I 1 I

with respect to the Canonical basis

-

(i ) Determina the
algebràc and geometria multiplatino of
the

T
e-
gun vales es
of ;

(Ii ) Sayiftis diagonali> able and ,

in The affirmative cose
,
determini a basis
' '
That D= C- AC
of R censi sling of ègeuvect of T and matrix e
-

a
, so

is
diagonal ;

setting P' { / %) / f) :(;) } P'

that
Iii
)
=
ehi ,
e
'è ,
e
pone
is a

} '

basis of IR and determina The matrix A associated IT

with respect to this basis (in broth domain and co down aiu ) .

Solution
'
i
) the character stia -

polyuouiel of T is dit ( A- DI ) = (d- 2) A- i ) .

The
eigcnvalnes afferrare multipli city 2 ore
{ = 2 with

dè ' cita acgeboic multiplo ty

and 1 .

The
geometrie multiple ty of de 2 is
by definition The dimensioni ≥

relative 3- sh ( A d. Il =
apnee eigen Space i. itis efecto
-

e.
, ,

(
(% % ?
)
= 3- rete 3-1=2
= -

nn -1

So .
algebràe end
geometrie multiple uty
per d
,
= 2 are egee :

Rem arte .
( that niel be used in item ii ) ☆

A basis of The V2 Ker (A- LI ) of ta

ei
fu spece
=

/!)
→

by / TE
(f) 4
is
given , nè .

T
 has
e non
sina.ly dèi : since ta algebra multipliCity 1
,

it also has geometrie nuiltplicity 1

Foe use in the item ii

) le semente that a basis for the

eigen Space Yeller (A - I

) relative to da = I is
given by any
mou Zen

solution of the Mk2 linear system

(: :/ (E) =L :)
◦ ◦

:
(&) for
% basis the ègeu spece
.

So is a
vs
-

elohectevskeplynomialoftisfactrrizobe.es
As item i' tu
seem in
ii
)
,

factor linear LR Moreau

product of for in -

,
each
eigen value
the
of T
, algebroic
geometri multipliCity are egee
and .

to The Theo run

According diagonali zabiety tis diagonale zable on
,
end

basis of eigenvectos is
giorni by
a
the Collection of the basis

of V2 and ✓
e i
i. e .
Te ,
% , v34 _

In the basis B The matrix representative of t is the diagonale

,

☐
E. %)
ÈÈ
.

.ir :
iii.
i
M I IR A- tra
} Nis }
i ⇐

1 ; ; ;)
- '

D D= C- AC
E is The Canonical basis

The columns of C the

are
given by Components of MY µ , ,
in the

Canonical boris .

iii
) As sein i. item i
) ,
tl ? ) -

(F) T
/ § / =/ § )
'

Mounir
and 1-
(f) = e
,
.
Ne' a) '
-
Ze'2
, giace e
'
,
is en

e-
gunnar of digiuna lui
2 .
To tind te ! ) we dein

omrsel! ) al ;) (f) I;)

,

mine
Al :/ =
end " •
- is
-
+ e-

=/
dote

) } Sott' g) §
'
b e = 2 b- -
° a = . = e -12 e
'
,
, , 3
gag
tre metri coperti ytiiithbesepl.is ( ↓ [ %) .
Exercise 2
<
letti IR → 42
"
be The linear Transformation with associated

match te ?
% le

/
0 4 1

2)
A è 3 0

1 0 0 0

1 2 °
4
"
with respect to The canonical basis IR ( in broth don - ein and

Codola ein )
KEIR
i -1 Determini The values
of the parametri so That t
is

invertibile
ii
) Fabio determina euoithoinrenal basi > per Kent
qual
, ,

resp ctirrely , for Init .

Determina
parametri KEIR that
iii.
)
"
the values
of the so

IR ad mits an attendeva e basis

of eigen erectus
T such malum
of and
, for ,
determina Ree
siga
'
(se IR " )
of the gradinata torno oltre ) AI
_

c-
=
±
ensocieteol Tutt .

Solution i T is invertibile The associated matin Ais invertite

)
Thirst columnae
↳
diug at the ;
42 3 2

dita = Ch' 72k) -

dei
( '

, { g) =

= - ( te ? 344 ) dit
( ? ;) = - ( letzte) 8 =

8 K
= -
( le -

%) .

" = KEO
all'TA =
o /
'
le = lei %
A emettere invertibile le ≠
°
, % .
 the becomes
ii
) per lei o matia :

| 2)
°
4 0

% ,
=
0 3 0

1 0 0 O
i 1 2 0 4

I reduction
Mily roe -

(:
R 1

;) -1°
RE
° 0 L

1)
> 0 0 0 0
}

: :
> ◦ 2
-

o 4 O I
o ce 0

0
° 2 g
F. ↳
Ra
-
R
,

1 1

(
0 0 0 0

G)
0

( 4)
0
R
,
/→
Rg 0 2 0 ° 2 °

0 4 O I 0 0 0 -2
B- 222
◦ 3 o 2 ° ° ° -4

% [ - R
,

( /
'

~ ° ° 0

(? ?? ;)
0 2 0
4 1
0 2
% :
→ o
"
0 0 0 -2
Regista ?
O 0 0 ° R ° °
R →
{ ° 0
-

> }
1k =3

kart -
-

{ ± / Andy =/ ± / 1¥72 .no 4 =

✗< io

È:
=/ / / ±
✗
4=0
4 = sta (a)

deukert-G.lk/l--4-3--lAuorTlhzoru-elbesisofkerTi(prk-- 0 ) is Then

given by 494 .
Non ce
Study Int
,
whose dimension is 3=24 A .

Since A T the basis Iht

repcesrnts in Canonical
,

a
spamming syiteen of Init is given by the
Column of A lei ) Itis to take
( pe enougli
-
.

Column
3 liueorly onde pendant .

"
=/ ↑ :| ! ) :L ! )
:
. .

I Gram Schmidt ortho normalizzato

alily -
-
procedure .

" >
Mi =
Ne < Naif > = 2 =
cui ,
'

<
me , ne > = 2 = Lui ,
NE )

( Fg ) (f) =/:|
4
iii. vi " =

E-
a -

Lui , " ,
?

< " >

un =
16+9+1+1
'
= 27
2 2

< "
in} > = 4
+
< " > = 4+6 + 4- = 14
z , v3

«"ˢ
iii. 7- %÷È
"
= -
" =

r a
< Un "
r )
,

1:11:11 /
56/27

=L:| :L :| :L :|
o
"
.
.
.

-
"
'
-
41.27
-2%27 1.427

) f. :-/ :| :|
1 56Gt

(
zq
-

2 141g =
-

= =
=
2 +14kt
-4%7 .

2 -
14127 4%7 <e

I
 for Init by
•

so an ozthouorenol basis is
, given
iii. È
÷; I
ù
i.
±
"" "
2
=

fa .
|! )
↳ = ±
Kush
=

%1E.ua#-- È}:) =

È l'÷:|
= 2

ivi T edmilson orthouorual basis of cigarettes

)
it is
Symmetric -

since His the

representative iuatic of Tceith aspect
To the outtnouounel This
basis E ,
is egivalet
that =Aᵗ
of asking A .

! 4 4=1--2

|
te

A- =À / per _
3£ le =\ 4
-34k
= '

4=2

Forte =L the votis is

1 1

2)
0 G

È
| 4 3 °
=

,
1 0 0 0

1 2 o
a

the character >te

'

polinomiali > pcd ) ,

dit (A- DI) =

/ce )
- + 4 1 i
det
3- I
=
4 0 2
=

2 2
°
-4 -1
 Ì%#
=
dei
/ {④ È ) ,
-
d out
/ ~ 2 < →
/ =

d) | /
3- >

) % ! ;)
3- lo 2
2 "
(
dei -
d dei -
"
= _
-

a
2 a -

+
dei ! ! ) ]
(-1+5) d) dette
3- > 2 2
= dei
/ 2 G-
+41
i c-s ) -
'
detti ;)

= (d' ) ( (3- d) (4- d) -4]

-1 -14 >
( 16 -4 > -2
] - d
/ 8-3-1 =

51 d'
4) +641-1612-81
' -

(d'
=

1) [
-

= -
12 -4J -3 > +> -

=
CI 1) -

[12-71+8] -1712+511 =

=
da - >
2
_
7 > 3+71+8>2-8 -17dL -1 51 d =

= d
"
-
713 _
1012 -1581 -8
+ - - + -

of cortesia
that the
Alley ing the Theoria ,
un
got
6=2 ) has positive
character ske
polyuouiel ef A Cfr 3.

and root
Roots 1
negativi .

In
particular ,
the associated quadrata pren is

indefinite .

=
t×. In The Euclideo E
spece of dimension 3
,
onside

ortho system
au normal
of coordinate ( re , y , 7) .

tetre be the line

defend by the Cortesia
egetious :

22--6=0
:{
3*-1
se
y -

2- +
-

2g -
1=0

the line
and lets be
passing through points
A- (91 ,
1) end ☐ ( 0 , -4 ' ?
Determina e setof parametri
(i ) egattous fr r end e set
of
Cartesio
epato vs porsi
( Ii )
Determina Whittier the lines n and s are meeting sheeieeol ;
Cartesiani
( Iii )
Determina e
egretiou fa a
pane P contreiniug 1

and parallel To s
-

more over determina the distance

, ,

from A topi .

Soletta Look pr for

.

parametri epato - s s .

1 :
}
3m +
y 22-+6 3k =
22-+6+1=2--1-2 =
È 2- + I

|
=

2
2-
2g { {
= i 2- +
y
- _
= -

E
se 2-
f-
|
= +
6 5-
¥
t

:{
se = +

6
y
=

±
2- +
Yz
-

1- c- IR
te
y = -

{
t +
%

2- =
t perainetic
egalious fra
È:|
|
ella

. > ☐
l'%) .
.
 Look per cortesia
equation for s
,
live
through A (91 ,
1) end ☐ ( 0 , -2,1 )
.

Atsf :
) =/%) |! )
'

si/ ' " -

- ≤a
l -
I

parametri epatici pris given by

are se 0

/
> : =

i + h HER
y = .

2- = 1
" = °

So ,
e set of cortesia ergetious fr s are
given by :{ 2- =L

Ii
) are a euds Steve ?

=/ (÷ )
"

È:) %
◦
n'

/
-

" "
"
"
=

ai ;)
-

o
→

" "nave
. di :?) =
di
/ % ? ;)
5 - 3 6 =

= -
dei
( È %) = -66-130--10 .

=) le and s are Steele .

iii
) p ≥ r
, Plis .

Parametri egetious te p by D-ihrv-hae.se

pszi
are
given ± = "
"
" 5h1
%
'
se
% + se 2-
%

↳
= _ =

sei "
%
-1
= -

2- = 6h ,

cortesia cerchio -
por p

.
dist ( p , A) =

ljfi.is#--%a5--- ¥-1
is
the distance
pon Ato
p .