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Geotech Report

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Dr Omega YT
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15 views9 pages

Geotech Report

Uploaded by

Dr Omega YT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Title: Bearing Capacity Design of Foundations: Methodology and Process
1. Introduction
The bearing capacity of a foundation is the ability of the soil to support the loads applied to the ground
without undergoing excessive settlement or failure. This report outlines the process and methodology
used for the design of bearing capacity.

Bearing Capacity:
The bearing capacity is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support. It is a critical factor in
designing structures, such as buildings and bridges, that rely on the ground for support. The bearing
capacity depends on the soil's characteristics, including density, moisture content, and shear strength, as
well as the type and distribution of the load applied to the soil.

Bearing Capacity Based upon type of the soil.


Granular soils, such as sands and gravels, typically have higher bearing capacities due to their better
interlocking and frictional properties. Cohesive soils, such as clays, have lower bearing capacities
because they are more susceptible to consolidation and settlement. The bearing capacity of a soil can be
affected by the presence of groundwater, which can increase the pore water pressure and reduce the
effective stress.

Methods of Determining Soil Bearing Capacity


Geotechnical engineers typically use a combination of in-situ tests and laboratory tests to determine the
bearing capacity of soil. In-situ tests include the Standard Penetration Test (SPT), the Cone Penetration
Test (CPT), and static and dynamic plate load tests. Laboratory tests include the Proctor Compaction Test,
which determines the optimal moisture content and maximum dry density of soil.

Bearing Capacity Formulas


The bearing capacity of a shallow foundation can be calculated using the following formula:

qf = cNc + γDNFq + 0.5γBNg

where:qf = ultimate bearing capacity


c = apparent cohesion intercept
Nc, Nq, Ng = bearing capacity factors
γ = unit weight of the soil
D = founding depth
B = breadth of foundation

Factors of Safety
The allowable bearing capacity is the ultimate bearing capacity divided by a factor of safety. The factor of
safety is used to account for uncertainties in the soil properties, load conditions, and other factors that
could affect the bearing capacity. A factor of safety of 2.5 is typically used for designing foundations on
soft clay, while a factor of safety of 3.0 is used for designing foundations on stiff clay.
2. Design Considerations
The design of a foundation should consider the type of soil, the load distribution, the presence of
groundwater, and other factors that could affect the bearing capacity. The design should also consider
the settlement of the foundation, which can be affected by the soil's compressibility and the load applied
to the soil.

CASE STUDY
Based on the provided sources, a case study for sub-surface exploration in the design of
buildings and bridges can be illustrated through the "Soil Investigation for Static facility for
Propellants at BDL, Ibrahimpatnam" project conducted by Graphics Designers in Hyderabad. The
project involved the sub-surface investigation work entrusted to M/s Architecture & Engineering
Consultancy Services Pvt. Ltd. The scope of work included boring five boreholes at the site using
the Wash/Rotary Boring method, conducting Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) at regular
intervals, and collecting soil/rock samples for identification and logging purposes. The collected
samples were then tested in the laboratory to analyze the data.
1. Observation and Results of Tests:
Observation of ground water table is important since it influences the bearing capacity of soil in
different seasons. When the foundation remains submerged under water the bearing capacity is
to be calculated considering the water table correction factor. Therefore, while conducting tests
during dry season, it is always necessary to enquire about the ground water table level.

Figure 1 Borehole Description


 NOTE: Since the report has data of multiple boreholes at different depths we will only take Borehole no 1 of
depth 4.5m – (15ft) into consideration for our analysis.

DATA BEFORE 3 YEARS:


DATA AFTER 3 YEARS:

NOTE: Since our soil type is (fine sand and silt) so the cohesion value is 0 for this
soil condition before three years assuming after 3 years the cohesion of soil
remains same.

1. JUSTIFYING THE AUTHENTICITY OF THE PREVIOUS REPORT:


The report is divided into several chapters, each addressing a specific aspect of the
investigation. Chapter One provides an introduction to the investigation, highlighting the
importance of subsurface exploration in the design of buildings and bridges. The scope of work
for the investigation is also outlined in this chapter, including the boring of five boreholes using
the wash/rotary boring method, conducting Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) at regular
intervals, and collecting soil/rock samples for identification and logging purposes.
The report's authenticity can be justified based on the following points:
1. The report was prepared by a reputable consulting firm, Architecture & Engineering
Consultancy Services Pvt. Ltd.
2. The scope of work for the investigation was clearly defined, and the methods used for
subsurface exploration and laboratory testing were outlined.
3. The report includes detailed bore logs, laboratory, and field test results, providing a
comprehensive understanding of the subsurface conditions at the site.
4. The report includes a discussion of the bearing capacity and settlement of the soil, which
is crucial for the design of foundations.
5. The report includes a conclusion and recommendations section, providing guidance on
the suitability of the soil as foundation material and any necessary precautions to be
taken during design and construction.

COMPARISON BETWEEN DATA (BEFORE AND AFTER 3 YEAR TIME):


BEFORE AFTER
1. Without added basement. 1. With added basement
2. Bore hole depth = 4.5m 2. Bore hole depth= 5m
3. Density of soil = 1.065gm/cm^3 3.Density of soil= 1.81 gm/cm^3
4. Ø (Angle of friction) = 36.5 4.Ø (Angle of friction) = 36.5
5. Cohesion= 0 5.Cohesion= 0

NOTE: Since our soil type is (fine sand and silt) so the cohesion value is 0 for this
soil condition before three years assuming after 3 years the cohesion of soil
remains same.

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