10

Science
Third Quarter – Module 1:
The Role of Hormones
in the Female and Male
Reproductive Systems

Department of Education – Schools Division of Palawan

 Science 10 The Role of Hormones
Third Quarter in the Female and Male
Week 1 Reproductive Systems

MELC : Explain the role of hormones involved in the female and

male reproductive systems.

Objective/s : 1. Explain the role of hormones in the male and

female reproductive system.
: 2. Recognize the importance of hormones in the
reproductive system.

What I Know

Multiple Choice

Directions: Read the following questions carefully. Choose from the

given choices the letter corresponding to the correct answer and
write in your answer sheet.

1. Which of the following systems is controlled by the gonadotropins

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)?
a. Central nervous system c. Respiratory system
b. Reproductive system d. Endocrine system

2. The following are the part of male reproductive system, EXCEPT.

a. testis b. penis c. ovary d. vas deferens

3. What part of the male reproductive system produces sperm cells?

a. testis b. penis c. ovary d. vas deferens
4. Which part of female reproductive system produces egg cell?
a. testis b. ovary c. vagina d. penis

5. It serves as the site of egg implantation and where the fertilized

egg develops.
a. ovary b. fallopian tube c. uterus d. vagina

6. How does a hormone work?

a. It controls the function of the body.
b. It affects various processes in the body as they regulate and
balance the functioning of organs, tissues, and cells.
c. It carries signals or impulses.
d. All of the above.

7. This gland is stimulated to produce follicle-stimulating hormone

(FSH) and luteinizing hormone.
a. ovary b. testes c. hypothalamus d. Pituitary

8. Which of the following hormones are secreted by ovary?

a. Estrogen and progesterone c. Estrogen and testosterone
b. Androgen and testosterone d. Androgen and progesterone

9. Which of the following hormones do the testes secrete?

a. Estrogen and progesterone c. Estrogen and testosterone
b. Androgen and progesterone d. Androgen and testosterone

10. How do the hormones affect the reproductive system?

a. Hormones secreted by the ovaries and a small gland in the
brain control the maturation of the ova.
b. These hormones does not keep the reproductive system
properly functioning.
c. Hormones secreted by the testes and a small gland in the
brain called the pituitary gland control the menstrual cycle.
d. All of the above.

11. Which of the controls maturation and male characteristics?

a. Estrogen and testosterone c. Estrogen and androgen
b. Androgen and progesterone d. Androgen and testosterone
12. What hormones influence female traits and support reproductive
function?
a. Estrogen and testosterone c. Estrogen and progesterone
b. Androgen and progesterone d. Androgen and testosterone

13. Which hormone stimulates the maturation of sperm cells in males

and egg cells in females?
a. LH b. FSH c. GnRH d. Testosterone

14. Which hormone stimulates the production of estrogens and

progesterone?
a. LH b. FSH c. GnRH d. Testosterone

15. Which hormone stimulates the production of testosterone?

a. androgen b. FSH c. GnRH d. LH

In your lesson in the elementary, you have learned about the

reproductive system. The reproductive system is involved in the sexual
reproduction of an organism. In human beings, the female and male
reproductive systems have striking differences.

The system involved in sexual reproduction is called

reproductive system. There is a striking difference between the male
and the female reproductive systems, although they also share a
number of similarities. For example, the reproductive organs of the
male and female are developed from the same embryological
structures, and some hormones are commonly found in both male
and female, in varying quantities and produce different responses.
The Male Reproductive System
Examine the figure on the right.
Figure 1 shows the main parts of the
male reproductive system. The cross-
sectional side view of the
reproductive system shows the
certain parts of the male
reproductive system which are also
part of the excretory system.
Figure 1. Parts of the male reproductive system

Table 1. Parts and functions of male reproductive system

Parts Functions
Testis Produces sperm cells.
Scrotum Sac of skin that holds the testes.
Deposits sperm cells into the vagina
Penis
during mating
Vas Deferens(tube) Carries sperm from testes to urethra.
Urethra Carries sperm and urine out of the body.
Glands Provide liquid in which sperm can swim.
Secretes a fluid that makes up most of
 Seminal Vesicle
the components of the semen.
Secretes a slightly alkaline milky fluid that
 Prostate gland
is discharged as part of the semen.
Secretes a thick and clear mucus that
 Bulbourethral gland lubricates and neutralizes the any trace
of acidic urine in the urethra.

The Female Reproductive System

Examine the figure 2. It shows the

front view of the female reproductive
system. The female reproductive system
consists of the ovaries, oviducts
(fallopian tubes), uterus, vagina, and
external genitalia. The internal
reproductive organs of the female are
located within the pelvis, between the
Figure 2. Parts of the female reproductive
urinary bladder and rectum. system
 The uterus and the vagina are in the middle part, with an ovary
on each side of the uterus.

Table 2. Parts of female reproductive system and their functions

Parts Functions
Ovary Produces egg cell.
Serves as passageway of egg cell from the
Oviduct
ovary to the uterus; site of egg fertilization.
Serves as site of egg implantation; is where
Uterus
the fertilized egg develops.
Vagina Receives the penis of male during mating.

Puberty involves the onset of sexual maturity and the ability to

reproduce. When a female reaches puberty, egg cells start to
develop in her ovaries that produce the sex cells. It is also the time
when the body develops the capacity to conceive.

The endocrine system contains a group of glands that release

hormones into the body. The table below lists the major glands in the
male and female reproductive structure with their functions, location
and the hormones they release.

Table 2. Reproductive glands, location, hormones released and

functions
Hormones
Gland Location Function
Released
Testes Lower Androgen, Control maturation and
(male) abdomen Testosterone male characteristics
Influence female traits,
Ovaries Lower Estrogen,
and support reproductive
(Female) abdomen Progesterone
function

The Role of hormones in Female and Male Reproductive System

The male reproductive system also has prostate glands.
Chemicals from these glands nourish the sperm cells and help them
mature.
 The production of sperm cells and release of semen can be
regulated by hormones or special chemicals that come from the
testis, the brain and the pituitary gland, these hormones keep the
reproductive system properly functioning.

Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is produced from

cells in the hypothalamus. It is then
released into small blood vessels that
carry the hormone to the pituitary
gland. As a consequence, the
pituitary gland produces luteinizing
hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating
(FSH) hormones. These hormones, LH
and FSH, are essential to male and
female reproductive health.

GnRH causes the pituitary

gland to secrete LH and FSH. In
childhood, GnRH levels are low. As
puberty begins, GnRH levels start to
rise. When the testes and ovaries are
fully developed, GnRH, LH, and FSH
production are controlled by the
Source:
levels of male sex hormone https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499898/
(testosterone) and female sex figure/article-
17652.image.f5/?report=objectonly.
hormones (estrogen and
progesterone).

In women, FSH encourages eggs to grow in the ovaries. Leading

to the production of estrogen, which signals to the pituitary gland to
decrease the release of FSH and to produce more LH, causing
ovulation (when a mature egg is released from the ovary) and FSH
and LH levels to drop. While other hormones prepare the uterus so a
baby can grow in it, other hormones still control the stretching of the
uterus during pregnancy.

In men, GnRH stimulates the production of LH from the pituitary

gland. LH attaches to receptor cells in the testes, which starts the
production of sperm cells.
 Remember this

 The reproductive system is controlled by the gonadotropins

such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing
hormone (LH), which are produced by the pituitary gland.
 Gonadotropin release is controlled by the hypothalamic
hormone called gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
 FSH stimulates the maturation of sperm cells in males and is
inhibited by the hormone inhibin, while LH stimulates the
production of the androgen testosterone. Testosterone plays
a role in sperm production.
 FSH stimulates egg maturation in females, while LH stimulates
the production of estrogens and progesterone.
 Estrogens are produced by the ovaries that trigger the
development of secondary sex characteristics in females as
well as control the maturation of the ova.

What I Can Do

Activity 1: I belong to…..

Directions: Classify the given parts which belong to the male or
female reproductive system. Make a copy of table in your answer
sheet similar to the table shown below. Choose your answer from the
box.

Penis Testis Urethra Uterus

Prostate gland Oviduct Vagina Scrotum
Ovary Vas Deferens

Male Female
Activity 2: I am responsible of….
Directions: Write the role of hormones in the male and female
reproductive system. Make a copy of table in your answer sheet
similar to the table shown below. Choose your answer from the box.
Sex Name and Role of Hormones

Male

Female

What’s More

Activity 3: I can explain it

Directions: Examine the given diagram below to answer the following
questions. Write your answer in your answer sheet.

Questions:

1. Name the glands and the

corresponding hormones
being produced.

2. Explain how hypothalamus

controls the production of sex
hormones.

Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499898/figure/article-
17652.image.f5/?report=objectonly.
Activity 4: I can digest it
Directions: Read the given selection and answer the question below.
Write your answer in your answer sheet.

THE DANGERS OF SYNTHETIC HORMONES

Some athletes attempt to boost their performance by using

artificial hormones that enhance muscle performance. Anabolic
steroids, a form of the male sex hormone testosterone, are one of
the most widely known performance-enhancing drugs. Steroids
are used to help build muscle mass. Other hormones that are used
to enhance athletic performance include erythropoietin, which
triggers the production of red blood cells, and human growth
hormone, which can help in building muscle mass. Most
performance enhancing drugs are illegal for non-medical
purposes.
The side effects of synthetic hormones are often significant
and non-reversible, and in some cases, fatal. Androgens produce
several complications such as liver dysfunctions and liver tumors,
prostate gland enlargement, difficulty urinating, premature
closure of epiphyseal cartilages, testicular atrophy, infertility, and
immune system depression. The physiological strain caused by
these substances is often greater than what the body can handle,
leading to unpredictable and dangerous effects and linking their
use to heart attacks, strokes, and impaired cardiac function.
Source: "Hormonal Regulation Of The Reproductive
System | Biology For Majors II". 2021.
Courses.Lumenlearning.Com.

Question:

1. Based from the given selection, explain why it is dangerous to

use synthetic hormones.
 What I Have Learned

Hormones play an important role in both male and female

reproductive systems. the pituitary gland controls the functions of
both the testes and the ovaries. These hormones keep the
reproductive system properly functioning

Directions: Complete the paragraph, choose your answer inside the

box.

Hormone Estrogen Androgen

Progesterone Testosterone Endocrine System
Reproduction Testis Ovary Human Body

The 1. ___________________ is made up of different system that

coordinates with one another in order to perform the functions well.
The 2. _________________ is composed of glands that secretes different
types of hormones. 3. _______________ is a chemical substance
produce in the body that controls and regulates the activity of
certain cell or organs. For most living creatures, reproduction is
basically a normal process controlled by hormones. The system
involved in sexual reproduction is called the 4. ____________________.
5. ______________ and 6. ______________ are the hormones produced
by the testes that controls maturation and the male characteristic
while the 7. ________________ and 8. ___________________ it is produced
by the 9. ___________________ influence female traits and support
reproductive function.
 Assessment
Multiple Choice
Directions: Read the following questions carefully. Choose the letter
of the correct answer. Write your answer on the separate sheet of
paper.

1. The pituitary gland produces gonadotropins follicle-stimulating

hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Which system is being
controlled by gonadotropins?
a. Reproductive system
b. Central nervous system
c. Respiratory system
d. Endocrine system

2. It is a part of the male reproductive system that produces sperm

cell?
a. testis c. ovary
b. penis d. vas deferens

3. This is a part of female reproductive system produce egg cell?

a. testis c. vagina
b. ovary d. penis

4. It serves as the site of egg implantation; wherein the fertilized egg

develops.
a. ovary c. uterus
b. vagina d. fallopian tube

5. This gland produces follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and

luteinizing hormone.
a. ovary c. hypothalamus
b. testes d. Pituitary
6. It stimulates development of egg cells, called ova, which develop
in structures called follicles.
a. LH
b. FSH
c. GnRH
d. Testosterone

7. The most widely known sex hormone which promotes the

production of sperm cells and masculine characteristics.
a. Estrogen
b. testosterone
c. GnRH
d. progesterone

8. The gland which stimulates the production and release of follicle-

stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the
anterior pituitary gland.
a. ovary
b. testes
c. hypothalamus
d. gonad

9. A system involved in sexual reproduction.

a. Endocrine system
b. Reproductive System
c. Nervous System
d. Respiratory system

10. A chemical substance produces in the body that controls and

regulates the activity of certain cell or organs.
a. hormone
b. nerve cell
c. estrogen
d. androgen
11. This system consists of glands that secrete chemicals called
hormones?
a. Central nervous system
b. Endocrine system
c. Respiratory system
d. Digestive system

12. The production of estrogens and progesterone is stimulated by

which of the following hormones?
a. LH
b. FSH
c. GnRH
d. Testosterone

13. How do hormones affect the reproductive system?

a. Hormones secreted by the ovaries and a small gland in the
brain called the pituitary gland control the menstrual cycle.
b. These hormones does not keep the reproductive system
properly functioning.
c. Hormones secreted by the testes and a small gland in the
brain called the pituitary gland control the menstrual cycle.
d. All of the above.

14. Which hormone stimulates the production of testosterone?

a. androgen
b. FSH
c. GnRH
d. LH

15. The production of sperm cells in males is stimulated by which of

the following hormones?
a. LH
b. FSH
c. GnRH
d. Testosterone