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What's An Embedded System?

The document discusses embedded systems including their definition, types, models, features, requirements, quality dimensions, and real-time aspects. Embedded systems are computing devices that perform dedicated functions within larger mechanical or electrical systems, and are mass produced. They have constraints of cost, size, and power and must operate in real-time.

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Khánh Quốc
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20 views

What's An Embedded System?

The document discusses embedded systems including their definition, types, models, features, requirements, quality dimensions, and real-time aspects. Embedded systems are computing devices that perform dedicated functions within larger mechanical or electrical systems, and are mass produced. They have constraints of cost, size, and power and must operate in real-time.

Uploaded by

Khánh Quốc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. What’s an Embedded System?

• Embedded systems =
– information processing systems that
interact with physical processes and are
embedded into a larger product
• Two types of computing
– Desktop – produced millions/year
– Embedded – billions/year
• Non-Embedded Systems
– PCs, servers, and notebooks
• The future of computing!
– Automobiles, entertainment,
communication, aviation, handheld
devices, military, medical equipment …
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử - ĐHBK Chapter 1 2
1. What is an embedded system?
• Embedded system is
– any device that includes a programmable computer but is not itself a
general-purpose computer - Wayne Wolf
– An embedded computer system includes a micro-computer with
mechanical, chemical and electrical devices attached to it, programmed
for a specific dedicated purpose, and packaged as a complete system -
Jonathan W. Valvano
– An embedded system is one that has computer-hardware with software
embedded in it as one of its most important component - Raj Kamal

Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử - ĐHBK Chapter 1 3


2. Embedded System Models
Application software layer
System software layer
Hardware layer

• Application software:
– application programs, GUI, control programs…
• System software
– Operating system, system drivers, system library
• Hardware
– Processors, memory, peripherals, input/output devices, PCB
…
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử - ĐHBK Chapter 1 8
3. Embedded System Features
Components of Embedded Systems

Clock Display Power Embedded


software
Peripherals ROM
Embedded Processor
Buttons RAM

Sensors A/D I/O Actuators

• Embedded processor is a heart of the embedded system:


– micro-processor: 8086, ARM7, ARM9…
– micro-controller: 8051, ARM Cortex-M, PIC16F, 68HC11,

Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử - ĐHBK Chapter 1 9


3. Embedded System Features
• Memory
– ROM: embedded program
– RAM: processing data
• Embedded program
– OS / non-OS supported
– realtime / non-realtime
– timer, interrupt, serial port…
• Clock:
– crystal
• Power:
– +5V / +3.3V / +2.5V
Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử - ĐHBK Chapter 1 10
3. Embedded System Features
• Peripherals:
– I/O port
– UART
– I2C
– ADC
– PWM
• User interface:
– Button / keypad / switch
– LCD / 7-segment LED / LED indicator
• Sensors:
– temperature, light, ultrasound, pressure, …
• Actuators:
– motor, solenoid, relay, …

Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử - ĐHBK Chapter 1 11


3. Embedded System Features
Common Characteristics:
• Single-functioned
– Executes a single program, repeatedly
• Tightly-constrained
– Low cost, low power, small, fast, etc.
• Reactive and real-time
– Continually reacts to changes in the system’s environment
– Must compute certain results in real-time without delay

Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử - ĐHBK Chapter 1 12


3. Embedded System Features
3 Common Characteristics:
• Single-functioned
– Executes a single program, repeatedly
• Tightly-constrained
– Low cost, low power, small, fast, etc.
• Reactive and real-time
– Continually reacts to changes in the system’s environment
– Must compute certain results in real-time without delay

Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử - ĐHBK Chapter 1 14


Embedded System Requirements
• 5 basic requirements for an embedded system
Real-time/
reactive
operation

Cost / Small size/


resource low weight

Safe and Low power,


reliable cooling

Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử - ĐHBK Chapter 1 15


Embedded System Quality
• 8 basic dimensions of quality
1. Performance: The primary operating characteristics of a product.
2. Feature: Those characteristics that supplement a product’s basic
functions
3. Reliability: The probability of a product malfunctioning
4. Durability: A measure of the amount of use one gets from a
product before it breaks down
5. Serviceability: Ease and time to repair after breakdown
6. Conformance: the degree to meet standards
7. Aesthetics: How a product looks
8. Perceived quality: This dimension is associated with reputation

Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử - ĐHBK Chapter 1 16


4. Real-time Embedded Systems
• Definition:
– A real-time system is one that must process information
and produce a response within a specified time
– Any system in which the time at which output is produced
is significant.
• Almost embedded systems are real-time

Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử - ĐHBK Chapter 1 17


4. Real-time Embedded Systems
• Hard real-time system:
– missing a deadline is a total system failure.
– Many of these systems are considered to be safety critical
– In general there is a cost function associated with the
system

Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử - ĐHBK Chapter 1 18


4. Real-time Embedded Systems
• Soft real-time
– the system's quality of service degrades after its deadline
– Deadline overruns are tolerable, but not desired
– Often connected to Quality-of-Service (QoS)

Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử - ĐHBK Chapter 1 19


4. Real-time Embedded Systems
Examples
• Hard real-time system
– a car engine control system is a hard real-time system
because a delayed signal may cause engine failure or
damage.
– heart pacemakers is hard real-time systems
• Soft real-time system
– Multimedia systems
– LED display control systems

Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử - ĐHBK Chapter 1 20

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