lecture-5-dictionary

April 11, 2024

1 Python Dictionary
Difficulty Level : Easy Last Updated : 31 Oct, 2021 Dictionary in Python is an unordered collection
of data values, used to store data values like a map, which, unlike other Data Types that hold only a
single value as an element, Dictionary holds key:value pair. Key-value is provided in the dictionary
to make it more optimized.

2 Creating a Dictionary
In Python, a Dictionary can be created by placing a sequence of elements within curly {} braces,
separated by ‘comma’. Dictionary holds pairs of values, one being the Key and the other corre-
sponding pair element being its Key:value. Values in a dictionary can be of any data type and can
be duplicated, whereas keys can’t be repeated and must be immutable.
[11]: # Creating a Dictionary
# with Integer Keys
List = [1, 3, 'as', 56]

Dict = {1: 'A', 2: 'For', 3: 'B'}

print("\nDictionary with the use of Integer Keys: ")

print(Dict)

print(Dict.values())
print(Dict.keys())

Dictionary with the use of Integer Keys:

{1: 'A', 2: 'For', 3: 'B'}
dict_values(['A', 'For', 'B'])
dict_keys([1, 2, 3])

[12]: # Creating a Dictionary

# with Mixed keys
Dict = {'Name': ['Ali','ahmed', 'shoib'] , 'roll no' : [1, 23, 12]}
print("\nDictionary with the use of Mixed Keys: ")
print(Dict)

1
 Dictionary with the use of Mixed Keys:
{'Name': ['Ali', 'ahmed', 'shoib'], 'roll no': [1, 23, 12]}

[13]: # Creating an empty Dictionary

Dict = {}
print("Empty Dictionary: ")
print(Dict)

# Creating a Dictionary
# with dict() method
Dict = dict({1: 'BSAI', 2: 'For', 3:'AI'})
print("\nDictionary with the use of dict(): ")
print(Dict)

# Creating a Dictionary
# with each item as a Pair
Dict = dict([(1, 'BSAI'), (2, 'For')])
print("\nDictionary with each item as a pair: ")
print(Dict)

Empty Dictionary:
{}

Dictionary with the use of dict():

{1: 'BSAI', 2: 'For', 3: 'AI'}

Dictionary with each item as a pair:

{1: 'BSAI', 2: 'For'}

3 Adding elements to a Dictionary

In Python Dictionary, the Addition of elements can be done in multiple ways. One value at a
time can be added to a Dictionary by defining value along with the key e.g. Dict[Key] = ‘Value’.
Updating an existing value in a Dictionary can be done by using the built-in update() method.
Nested key values can also be added to an existing Dictionary.
[15]: # Creating an empty Dictionary
Dict = {}
print("Empty Dictionary: ")
print(Dict)

# Adding elements one at a time

Dict[0] = 'AI'
Dict[2] = 'For'
Dict[3] = 1
print("\nDictionary after adding 3 elements: ")

2
 print(Dict)

# Adding set of values

# to a single Key
Dict['Value_set'] = 2, 3, 4
print("\nDictionary after adding 3 elements: ")
print(Dict)

# Updating existing Key's Value

Dict[2] = 'Welcome'
print("\nUpdated key value: ")
print(Dict)

# Adding Nested Key value to Dictionary

Dict[5] = {'Nested' :{1 : 'Life', 2 : 'BSAI'}}
print("\nAdding a Nested Key: ")
print(Dict)

Empty Dictionary:
{}

Dictionary after adding 3 elements:

{0: 'AI', 2: 'For', 3: 1}

Dictionary after adding 3 elements:

{0: 'AI', 2: 'For', 3: 1, 'Value_set': (2, 3, 4)}

Updated key value:

{0: 'AI', 2: 'Welcome', 3: 1, 'Value_set': (2, 3, 4)}

Adding a Nested Key:

{0: 'AI', 2: 'Welcome', 3: 1, 'Value_set': (2, 3, 4), 5: {'Nested': {1: 'Life',
2: 'BSAI'}}}

4 Accessing elements from a Dictionary

In order to access the items of a dictionary refer to its key name. Key can be used inside square
brackets.
[15]: # Python program to demonstrate
# accessing a element from a Dictionary

# Creating a Dictionary
Dict = {1: 'BSAI', 'name': 'For', 3: 'AI'}

# accessing a element using key

print("Accessing a element using key:")

3
 print(Dict['name'])

# accessing a element using key

print("Accessing a element using key:")
print(Dict[1])

Accessing a element using key:

For
Accessing a element using key:
BSAI

[16]: # Creating a Dictionary

Dict = {1: 'AI', 'name': 'For', 3: 'BSAI'}

# accessing a element using get()

# method
print("Accessing a element using get:")
print(Dict.get(3))

Accessing a element using get:

BSAI

5 Accessing an element of a nested dictionary

In order to access the value of any key in the nested dictionary, use indexing [] syntax.

[17]: # Creating a Dictionary

Dict = {'Dict1': {1: 'AI'},
'Dict2': {'Name': 'For'}}

# Accessing element using key

print(Dict['Dict1'])
print(Dict['Dict1'][1])
print(Dict['Dict2']['Name'])

{1: 'AI'}
AI
For

[15]: myfamily = {
"child1" : {
"name" : "Emil",
"year" : 2004
},
"child2" : {
"name" : "Tobias",
"year" : 2007

4
 },
"child3" : {
"name" : "Linus",
"year" : 2011
}
}

[22]: child1 = {
"name" : "Emil",
"year" : 2004
}
child2 = {
"name" : "Tobias",
"year" : 2007
}
child3 = {
"name" : "Linus",
"year" : 2011
}

myfamily = {
"child1" : child1,
"child2" : child2,
"child3" : child3
}

myfamily

[22]: {'child1': {'name': 'Emil', 'year': 2004},

'child2': {'name': 'Tobias', 'year': 2007},
'child3': {'name': 'Linus', 'year': 2011}}

6 Removing Elements from Dictionary

6.1 Using del keyword
In Python Dictionary, deletion of keys can be done by using the del keyword. Using the del keyword,
specific values from a dictionary as well as the whole dictionary can be deleted. Items in a Nested
dictionary can also be deleted by using the del keyword and providing a specific nested key and
particular key to be deleted from that nested Dictionary.
[18]: # Initial Dictionary
Dict = { 5 : 'Welcome', 6 : 'To', 7 : 'BSAI',
'A' : {1 : 'BSAI', 2 : 'For', 3 : 'AI'},
'B' : {1 : 'Amazing', 2 : 'Life'}}
print("Initial Dictionary: ")
print(Dict)

5
 # Deleting a Key value
del Dict[6]
print("\nDeleting a specific key: ")
print(Dict)

# Deleting a Key from

# Nested Dictionary
del Dict['A'][2]
print("\nDeleting a key from Nested Dictionary: ")
print(Dict)

Initial Dictionary:
{5: 'Welcome', 6: 'To', 7: 'BSAI', 'A': {1: 'BSAI', 2: 'For', 3: 'AI'}, 'B': {1:
'Amazing', 2: 'Life'}}

Deleting a specific key:

{5: 'Welcome', 7: 'BSAI', 'A': {1: 'BSAI', 2: 'For', 3: 'AI'}, 'B': {1:
'Amazing', 2: 'Life'}}

Deleting a key from Nested Dictionary:

{5: 'Welcome', 7: 'BSAI', 'A': {1: 'BSAI', 3: 'AI'}, 'B': {1: 'Amazing', 2:
'Life'}}

7 Using pop() method

Pop() method is used to return and delete the value of the key specified.

[2]: # Creating a Dictionary

Dict1 = {1: 'Geeks', 'name': 'For', 3: 'Geeks'}

# Deleting a key
# using pop() method
pop_ele = Dict1.pop(1)
print('\nDictionary after deletion: ' + str(Dict1))
print('Value associated to poped key is: ' + str(pop_ele))

Dictionary after deletion: {'name': 'For', 3: 'Geeks'}

Value associated to poped key is: Geeks

8 Using popitem() method

The popitem() returns and removes an arbitrary element (key, value) pair from the dictionary.

[4]: # Creating Dictionary

Dict = {1: 'Geeks', 'name': 'For', 3: 'Geeks'}

6
 # Deleting an arbitrary key
# using popitem() function
pop_ele = Dict.popitem()
print("\nDictionary after deletion: " + str(Dict))
print("The arbitrary pair returned is: " + str(pop_ele))

Dictionary after deletion: {1: 'Geeks', 'name': 'For'}

The arbitrary pair returned is: (3, 'Geeks')

9 Using clear() method

All the items from a dictionary can be deleted at once by using clear() method.

[1]: # Creating a Dictionary

Dict = {1: 'Geeks', 'name': 'For', 3: 'Geeks'}

# Deleting entire Dictionary

Dict.clear()
print("\nDeleting Entire Dictionary: ")
print(Dict)

Deleting Entire Dictionary:

{1: 'Geeks', 'name': 'For', 3: 'Geeks'}

10 Built in Function
[8]: str(Dict)

[8]: "{1: 'Geeks', 'name': 'For'}"

[9]: len(Dict)

[9]: 2

[10]: type(Dict)

[10]: dict

[11]: Dict.clear()

[12]: Dict.copy()

[12]: {}

7
[3]: Dict.fromkeys()

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-3-0daed0f5138e> in <module>
----> 1 Dict.fromkeys()

TypeError: fromkeys expected at least 1 arguments, got 0

[17]: from IPython.display import display, Image

display(Image(filename='dictionary methods.png'))

[18]: x = ('key1', 'key2', 'key3')

y = 0

thisdict = dict.fromkeys(x, y)

print(thisdict)

{'key1': 0, 'key2': 0, 'key3': 0}

[19]: x = ('key1', 'key2', 'key3')

thisdict = dict.fromkeys(x)

8
 print(thisdict)

{'key1': None, 'key2': None, 'key3': None}

[20]: car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}

x = car.items()

print(x)

dict_items([('brand', 'Ford'), ('model', 'Mustang'), ('year', 1964)])

[2]: car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964,
"persons": {'Ali':2, "ahmed": 3, 'bilal':4}

x = car.items()

car["year"] = 2018

print(x)

dict_items([('brand', 'Ford'), ('model', 'Mustang'), ('year', 2018), ('persons',

{'Ali': 2, 'ahmed': 3, 'bilal': 4})])

[ ]: car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964,
"persons": {'Ali':2, "ahmed": 3, 'bilal':4}

# car = ["a", "b" , "c"]

for i,j in car.items():

9
 print(i)
print(j)

10.1 Question: Count the occurrence of each unique value in a dictionary.

[2]: # Dictionary
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 1, 'd': 2}

# Count occurrence of each value

occurrence_count = {}
for value in my_dict.values():
occurrence_count[value] = occurrence_count.get(value, 0) + 1

# Print the occurrence count

print("Occurrence count of each unique value:", occurrence_count)

Occurrence count of each unique value: {1: 2, 2: 2}

10.2 Question: Calculate the sum of all values in a dictionary.

[3]: # Dictionary
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}

# Calculate the sum of values

sum_of_values = sum(my_dict.values())

# Print the sum

print("Sum of all values in the dictionary:", sum_of_values)

Sum of all values in the dictionary: 6

10.3 Question: Get the keys of a dictionary as a list.

[4]: # Dictionary
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}

# Get the keys as a list

keys_list = list(my_dict.keys())

# Print the keys list

print("Keys of the dictionary:", keys_list)

Keys of the dictionary: ['a', 'b', 'c']

10
 10.4 Question: Check if a value exists in a dictionary.
[5]: # Dictionary
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
value_to_check = 2

# Check if the value exists

if value_to_check in my_dict.values():
print("Value '{}' exists in the dictionary.".format(value_to_check))
else:
print("Value '{}' does not exist in the dictionary.".format(value_to_check))

Value '2' exists in the dictionary.

10.5 Question: Find the key with the maximum value in a dictionary.
[6]: # Dictionary
my_dict = {'a': 10, 'b': 20, 'c': 30}

# Find the key with the maximum value

max_key = max(my_dict, key=my_dict.get)

# Print the key with the maximum value

print("Key with the maximum value:", max_key)

Key with the maximum value: c

10.6 Question: Merge two dictionaries.

[7]: # Dictionaries
dict1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
dict2 = {'c': 3, 'd': 4}

# Merge the dictionaries

merged_dict = {**dict1, **dict2}

# Print the merged dictionary

print("Merged dictionary:", merged_dict)

Merged dictionary: {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4}

10.7 Question: Remove a key-value pair from a dictionary.

[8]: # Dictionary
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
key_to_remove = 'b'

# Remove the key-value pair

11
 my_dict.pop(key_to_remove, None)

# Print the updated dictionary

print("Dictionary after removing key '{}':".format(key_to_remove), my_dict)

Dictionary after removing key 'b': {'a': 1, 'c': 3}

10.8 Question: Get the value corresponding to a specific key in a dictionary.

[10]: # Dictionary
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
key_to_get = 'b'

# Get the value corresponding to the key

value = my_dict.get(key_to_get)

# Print the value

print("Value corresponding to key '{}':".format(key_to_get), value)

Value corresponding to key 'b': 2

11 Question: Check if a key exists in a dictionary.

[11]: # Dictionary
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
key_to_check = 'b'

# Check if the key exists

if key_to_check in my_dict:
print("Key '{}' exists in the dictionary.".format(key_to_check))
else:
print("Key '{}' does not exist in the dictionary.".format(key_to_check))

Key 'b' exists in the dictionary.

11.1 Question: Find the length of a dictionary.

[12]: # Dictionary
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}

# Calculate the length of the dictionary

length = len(my_dict)

# Print the length

print("Length of the dictionary:", length)

Length of the dictionary: 3

12