Data Definition

Language (DDL)

A Data Definition Language

(DDL) is a computer
language which is used to
create and modify the
structure of database
objects which include tables,
views, schemas, and
indexes etc.

Command Description Demo

Creates a
new table, a
view of a
CREATE table, or Demo
other object
in the
database.

Modifies an
existing
ALTER database Demo
object, such
as a table.

Deletes an
entire table,
a view of a
table or
DROP Demo
other
objects in
the
database.

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 Truncates
the entire
TRUNCATE Demo
table in a
go.

Data Manipulation
Language (DML)

A Data Manipulation
Language (DML) is a
computer programming
language which is used for
adding, deleting, and
modifying data in a
database.

Command Description Demo

Retrieves
certain
SELECT records Demo
from one or
more tables.

Creates a
INSERT Demo
record.

Modifies
UPDATE Demo
records.

Deletes
DELETE Demo
records.

Data Control Language

(DCL)

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 Data Control Language
(DCL) is a computer
programming language
which is used to control
access to data stored in a
database.

Command Description Demo

Gives a
GRANT privilege to Demo
user

Takes back
privileges
REVOKE Demo
granted
from user.

Why to Learn SQL?

SQL (Structured Query
Language) is a MUST for the
students and working
professionals to become a
great Software Engineer
specially when they are
working in Software
Development Domain. SQL
is the most common
language used almost in
every application software
including banking, finance,
education, security etc. to
store and manipulate data.

SQL is fairly easy to learn,

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 so if you are starting to
learn any programming
language then it is very
much advised that you
should also learn SQL and
other Database related
concepts to become a
complete Software
Programmer. There are
many good reasons which
makes SQL as the first
choice of any programmer −

SQL is the standard

language for any Relational
Database System. All the
Relational Data Base
Management Systems
(RDBMS) like MySQL, MS
Access, Oracle, Sybase,
Informix, Postgres and SQL
Server use SQL as their
standard database
language.

Also, software industry is

using different dialects of
SQL, such as −

MS SQL Server using

T-SQL,
Oracle using PL/SQL,

MS Access version of
SQL is called JET SQL
(native format) etc.

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 SQL Applications
SQL is one of the most
widely used Query Language
over the databases. SQL
provides following
functionality to the database
programmers −

Execute different
database queries
against a database.
Define the data in a
database and
manipulate that data.
Create data in a
relational database
management system.

Access data from the

relational database
management system.
Create and drop
databases and tables.

Create and maintain

database users.
Create view, stored
procedure, functions
in a database.

Set permissions on
tables, procedures
and views.

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 Who Should Learn
SQL
This SQL tutorial will help
both students as well as
working professionals who
want to develop applications
based on some databases
like banking systems,
support systems,
information systems, web
websites, mobile apps or
personal blogs etc. We
recommend reading this
tutorial, in the sequence
listed in the left side menu.

Today, SQL is an essential

language to learn for anyone
involved in the software
applicatipon development
process including Software
Developers, Software
Designers, and Project
Managers etc.

Prerequisites to
Learn SQL
Though we have tried our
best to present the SQL
concepts in a simple and
easy way, still before you
start learning SQL concepts
given in this tutorial, it is

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 assumed that you are
already aware about some
basic concepts of computer
science, what is a database,
especially the basics of
RDBMS and associated
concepts.

This tutorial will give you

enough understanding on
the various concepts of SQL
along with suitable examples
so that you can start your
Software Development
journey immediately after
finishing this tutorial.

SQL Online
Quizzes
This SQL tutorial helps you
prepare for technical
interviews and certification
exams. We have provided
various quizzes and
assignments to check your
learning level. Given quizzes
have multiple choice type of
questions and their answers
with short explanation.

Following is a sample quiz,

try to attempt any of the
given answers:

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 Q 1 - The SQL
programming
language was
developed by which
of the following:

A - Google in 1990s

B - Microsoft in
1980s

C - IBM in 1970s

D - None of the
Above

Answer : C

Explanation
The SQL
programming
language was
developed in the
1970s by IBM
researchers
Raymond Boyce and
Donald Chamberlin.

Start your online quiz Start

SQL Quiz.

SQL Jobs and

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