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Intro To Ai Class Notes From Stanford University

The document provides an introduction to artificial intelligence including defining AI, discussing its history and key figures, how it is used in different applications today, and some of the goals and techniques in AI research areas like reasoning, learning, perception and more.

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136 views

Intro To Ai Class Notes From Stanford University

The document provides an introduction to artificial intelligence including defining AI, discussing its history and key figures, how it is used in different applications today, and some of the goals and techniques in AI research areas like reasoning, learning, perception and more.

Uploaded by

perolofsson5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to AI class notes

Artificial intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by


machines, particularly computer systems. It is a field of research in computer
science that develops and studies methods and software which enable machines to
perceive their environment and uses learning and intelligence to take actions that
maximize their chances of achieving defined goals.[1] Such machines may be called
AIs.
AI technology is widely used throughout industry, government, and science. Some
high-profile applications include advanced web search engines (e.g., Google
Search); recommendation systems (used by YouTube, Amazon, and Netflix); interacting
via human speech (e.g., Google Assistant, Siri, and Alexa); autonomous vehicles
(e.g., Waymo); generative and creative tools (e.g., ChatGPT and AI art); and
superhuman play and analysis in strategy games (e.g., chess and Go).[2] However,
many AI applications are not perceived as AI: "A lot of cutting edge AI has
filtered into general applications, often without being called AI because once
something becomes useful enough and common enough it's not labeled AI anymore."[3]
[4]
Alan Turing was the first person to conduct substantial research in the field that
he called machine intelligence.[5] Artificial intelligence was founded as an
academic discipline in 1956.[6] The field went through multiple cycles of optimism,
[7][8] followed by periods of disappointment and loss of funding, known as AI
winter.[9][10] Funding and interest vastly increased after 2012 when deep learning
surpassed all previous AI techniques,[11] and after 2017 with the transformer
architecture.[12] This led to the AI boom of the early 2020s, with companies,
universities, and laboratories overwhelmingly based in the United States pioneering
significant advances in artificial intelligence.[13]
The growing use of artificial intelligence in the 21st century is influencing a
societal and economic shift towards increased automation, data-driven decision-
making, and the integration of AI systems into various economic sectors and areas
of life, impacting job markets, healthcare, government, industry, and education.
This raises questions about the long-term effects, ethical implications, and risks
of AI, prompting discussions about regulatory policies to ensure the safety and
benefits of the technology.
The various sub-fields of AI research are centered around particular goals and the
use of particular tools. The traditional goals of AI research include reasoning,
knowledge representation, planning, learning, natural language processing,
perception, and support for robotics.[a] General intelligence—the ability to
complete any task performable by a human on an at least equal level—is among the
field's long-term goals.[14]
To reach these goals, AI researchers have adapted and integrated a wide range of
techniques, including search and mathematical optimization, formal logic,
artificial neural networks, and methods based on statistics, operations research,
and economics.[b] AI also draws upon psychology, linguistics, philosophy,
neuroscience, and other fields.[15]

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