Vidyamandir Classes

Solutions to Advanced Problem Package | Physics

KINEMATICS [MOTION IN 1 & 2 DIMENSIONS]
dv
1.(D) v  a  bx  v 2  2ax  bx 2
dx
2a a
Now v = 0 at x = 0 and x = l (l : the distance between the stations)  l= also v max 
b b

2.(A) The particle is moving with constant acceleration therefore velocity time graph of the particle will be straight line. From
t = 0 s to t = 1 s slope of given displacement-time graph is negative and decreasing. From t = 1 s to t = 2 s slope is
positive and is decreasing. At time t = 0 and t = 2 s slope of displacement time graph is zero therefore velocity at that
moment will also be zero.

3.(C) The graph, given in the question shows that a  s

dv
  Ks (where K is some constant)
dt
dv v s
 v  Ks
ds

0 
vdv  K 0 sds
 v 2  Ks 2  v  Ks
 v  K 's  K  K'   vs
4.(C)

2u 
T
a
2  (u sin  )
T
g cos 
2u sin 
In both the cases , u  and a  is same, so the time T1  T2  T
g cos 
(ii) v = u + at

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u x  u cos α  g sin θ  t

u y  u sin α  g cos θ  t
For maximum height  to the incline Uy = 0  u sin α  g cosθt
u sin α 1
t ; h  ut  at 2
g cosθ 2
 u sin α  1  u sin α 2

h = u sin α    g cosθ 
 g cosθ  2  g cosθ 
u 2 sin 2 α
h
2g cosθ
u 2 sin 2 α
As u y is same for both the cases and ay is same so h1  h 2 
2g cosθ
1
(iii) R  (u cos )T  ( g sin )T 2 ; As T is same for both
2
u2  u cos   g sin t ; u1  u cos   g sin t
u sin α
u 2  u cos α  g sin θ 
g cosθ
; Clearly u1  u 2
u sin α
u1  u cos α  gsin θ 
g cos θ
5.(B)
u
6.(A) The relative velocity V makes an angle  with AB, where cos  
V
The distance travelled during the period A arrives at nearest distance = d cos 
d cos  du
 Required time =  2  (A)
V V
7.(B) P1: A(5, 3) P2 : (B) (7, 3)
v1  2iˆ  3jˆ v2  xiˆ  yjˆ

At t = 2 seconds they collide. It means that their S is same.

 5 22  7  x2, 3  y2  3 32  x = 1, y = 3
8.(B) Displacements of B and C in horizontal direction is same.
 VC = VB cos60º
vC 1
 ……(1)
vB 2
Displacement of A and B in vertical direction is same to
v A  t  vB sin 60º t
vA 3
 ….(2)
vB 2
From (2) and (1)

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 vA : vB : vC  3 : 2:1
v
dv  v2  f
9.(B)
dx 
a  v  vdv  adx      Area under a –x curve.
 2  v i

10.(B) Let speed of man be ‘v’ m/sec.

Then, v  (time of flight of projectile) = 9 m
2u sin θ
v 9 ;  v = 5 m/sec
g
11.(C) (1) As the bird starts it’s motion at the same time as the ball, therefore, Vx = u.
(2) For all values of ‘x’ except h = ‘Hmax”, the ball will touch the bird twice.
u y2  vx   v y  2h
 h = Hmax = Range = 2  2u
2g g g
2u sin  1101 / 2
12.(A) Time period = time of projectile =   2 sec
g 10
displacement S x, AB
13.(A) Average velocity =   ux  u cos 
t AB t AB
h g
 u sin t  t 2  roots are tOA and tOB
2 2
 gt 2  2u sin  . t  h  0  t AB  diff. in roots

u 2 sin 2 
2 2 2 u 2 sin 2   2u sin
2 u sin   gh 2
 t AB    T/ 2.
g g g

As acc. is uniform = g  av. Acc. in any interval of time is also g .

Direction of ins. Velocities at A & B are different.
3u a 4u
14.(C) S x   t  t 2 ; Sy  t  5t 2
5 2 5
3u a 4u at 7u 14u
 t  t2  t  5 t2   5t   at  10t 
5 2 5 2 5 5
3u 4u 3u 4u
Vx   at ; V y   10t ;  at   10t
5 5 5 5 y
u 
10t  at 
5  add. ; 20t  3u
14u 
10t  at  
5  x
20 t 4 26 26
 10 t  a t   a  10   m/ s  a m / s2
35 3 3 3
15.(D) Let V : velocity of buggy
g
 Velocity highest point of rear wheel = 2V  wr. t buggey S y    2b  2a   t2
2

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2
S x  C 2   b  a   Vt

g C   b  a   C   b  a   g C  b  a  C  b  a 
 4 b  a    V 
V2 4 b  a
16.(ABCD) Change in velocity = final velocity – initial velocity
 
 u cos θiˆ  u cos θiˆ  u sin θjˆ  u sin θjˆ  (A) is correct

Average velocity = (total displacement)/(time taken) = Riˆ / Time of flight  

= u cos ˆi  (B) is correct.
Change in velocity = final velocity – initial velocity
   
= u cos ˆi  usin ˆj  u cos iˆ  u sin ˆj =  2u sin ˆj  (C) is also correct.
Rate of change of momentum = force
Constant gravitational force is acting on the projectile.  (D) is also correct.
17.(AC) At t = 2 sec, projectile reverses its motion.

1 
Maximum displacement in initial velocity = 10 2   5 2  = 10 m.
2
  2  
Distance travelled = Displacement from t = 0 to t = 2 added to magnitude of displacement from t = 2 to t = 3 = 12.5m
dv
18.(BC) a = V
ds
v 2f  v i2  1 
Or,  vdv  
ads  area under a  curve Or,
2
  10  2  10  4 For S  10m 

 2 
 v f  10m / s   vi  0  B is correct.
2
Vmax  Vi2 1
Max. velocity is attained at S = 30.    30 6  vmax  13.4
2 2
river width
19.(BD) For A : VA,y 
time
10 1
=  m/s
120 12
1
And, VA,x, river  0  VA, river  m/s
12
VA,x,earth  Vr  VA,x,river
= Vr
30 30 1
 120    Vr  m / s
VA,x, earth Vr 4
 B is correct.
10 1
For B : VB,y,earth   m/s
120 12
25 5
VB,x,earth  VB,x,river  Vr    m/s
120 24

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20.(BD) For first one Minute :

1
h1  0  1060  18,000m = 18 km
2
2
V1 = 0 1060  600 m / s
After first one minute : Rocket motion is under gravity.
v12 600
2
V2  V12  2gh2   h2   18000m (V = 0)= 18 km
2g 210
 Max. ht. reached , Hmax = h1 + h2 = 18+18= 36 km
  1 1
Using h  u  t  gt 2  18000  600 t 2  10 t 22
2 2
 t 22 120t 2  3600  0  
t 2  60  60 2 . 
 
Total time required, T  t1  t 2 = 60  60  60 2 = 120  60 2 r   
  
21.(ACD) v A,Board  v A,earth  v Board,earth = 2v – v = v
 L L L
v B,Board  2v  v = –3v  T   
vA,B v  3v 4v
L 3L L L
d B,Board  VB,Board  T  3v  and d A,Board  VA,Board  T  v  
4v 4 4v 4
  

22.(ABC) Δv  v f  v i  60cos 60º ˆi  60sin 60º ˆj  60iˆ    
 30iˆ 30 3jˆ 

 
2 2
 Δv  30  30 3 = 60 m/s
  
a  ar  at
 dv 
a  a 2r  a 2t  a r  a t   0
 dt 
60
2
v2
=   12m / s 2
R 0.31000
 
 v  vi 60
a arg  f   11.5 m / s 2
Δt π 
 300 / 60
 3 

23.(ABCD) vA  4iˆ  4kˆ

vB  3jˆ  4kˆ
 
   
 v A,B  4iˆ  4kˆ  3ˆj  4kˆ  4iˆ 3jˆ  v A,B = 5 m/s (A is correct)
As the initial velocity and acceleration of both the particles in vertical direction are equal, so they would hit the ground
at same time, B is correct.
2 4 4 4 16
Time of projectile =  sec Distance covered by A = 4  m
10 5 5 5
4 12 16 2 12 2 162 122 20
Distance covered by B = 3 m  m. Separation =      = =  4m
5 5  5   5  5 5
C is correct.
     
rA,B  rA  rB  v A  t  v B  t  v A,B  t  4iˆ  3jˆ  t  

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2 u 2 sin 2  2 u 2 sin 2 p
24.(ACD) HA 
3
RB 
2g

3 g
 3 sin2   u sin   
 3 1  cos 2   8 sin2 

1 3
sin2   1  max  sin1
2 4
2 2
u sin 90 u
R A max  
g g
25.(ABCD)
R 2 R cos   /2 
T 
2v0 v0
dT R R sin   /2   1 R  
0  0  sin     60  T    3 
d 2v0 v0 2 2 v0  6 
 3
Distance = R   2 R×
3 2
x2 y2
26.(ABC)   1 ; So the path is an ellipse
a 2 b2
Vx  ap sin pt , V y  bp cos pt
a x   ap 2 cos pt , a y  bp 2 sin pt
   
So, V  a  0 as V  a
So,  a 2 p3 sin pt .cos pt  b 2 p 3 sin pt.cos pt
 a 2 p3 sin pt .cos pt  b 2 p 3 sin pt.cos pt
As, ab
So, sin pt.cos pt = 0

 sin p 2t  0  
p 2t  , 2  t
2p
The motion is similar to motion of each around sun. So force always towards focus and hence acceleration.
At t = 0 particle is at (a, o)

At t particle is at (o, b)
2p
So distance travelled along X-axis is a not the actual distance, which is the length of the
part of the ellipse between (a, o) to (o, b) you can try out for distance by following
2 s 0 2
ds  dy   dy 
method ds  dx 2  dy 2   1    0 ds  a 1    . dx
dx  dx   dx 
27.(ABD) If u is the initial speed and  the angle of projection. Then v y  u sin   gt i.e., v y  t graph is a straight line
with negative slope and positive intercept. x  (v cos )t i.e., x – t graph is a straight line passing through the origin.
1
y  (u sin )t  gt 2 i.e., y – t graph is parabola i.e., vx  t graph is a straight line parallel to t-axis.
2
1 1 2
28.(ABC)  u1t  a1t …(1)
2 2
1 1
and   u1t  ( a2 )t 2
2 2

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1 1
  u2t  a2t 2 …(2)
2 2
Subtracting (1) and (2), we get
 u u 
t  2 2 1  …(3)
 a1  a2 
Substituting (3) in (1) or (2) and rearranging, we get
4(u2  u1 )
1 (a1u2  a2u1 ) …(4)
(a1  a2 ) 2
Since the particle P and Q reach the other ends of A and B with equal velocities say v.
For particle P v 2  u12  2a21 …(5)
2
For particle Q v  u22
 2a11 …(6)
Subtracting and then substituting value of 1 and rearranging, we get (u2  u1 )(a1  a2 )  8(a1u2  a2u1 )
l l 2l
29.(ABCD) t  
urel u  u 3u
2
2l 2l

Distance  vdt  u  
3u 3
total disp l / 3 3u 3u
vavg    ; v AB  u  u cos 60 
total time 2l /3u 2 2
  
30.(ABC)The velocity of motor boat is given as vm  vmw  vw
 5 3
 
sin  sin120
1
 sin  
2
   30  (A), (B) and (C)
31.(BC) In the first case BC  vt1 and w  ut1. In the second caste u sin   v and w  u cos t2
Solving these four equations with proper substitution, we get w = 200 m, u = 20 m/min, v = 12 m/min and   37

32.(AC) Distance travelled by motor bike at t = 18 s

1
S bike  S1  (18)(60)  540 m
2
Distance travelled by car at t = 18 s
Scar  S2  (18)(40)  720 m
Therefore, separation between them at t = 18s is 180 m. Let separation between them decreases to zero at time t beyond
18s. Hence, Sbike  540  60t and Scar  720  40t
Scar  Sbike  0  720  40t  540  60t
t = (18 + 9) s = 27s from start and distance travelled by both is Sbike  Scar  1080 m

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0 x
0
dv
33.(ACD) v.  v
dx
 or  dv    dx
v 0
0
v t
v0 dv dv
v0  x0  x0 

;
dt
 v (or )  v
  dt 
v 0
0
v0 1
v  v0 e t (or ) v  0 for t    v when t 
e 
dv 
34.(ABC) Acceleration   v  0  kx
dt
  dx  
 x   v   v  a  kv  k (v0  kx )
 dt 
v t
1
dv dv dv dv 1 v 
log e  1 
Further, a 
dt
 kv 
dt
 kv 
v
 kdt   v 
 k dt  t
k  v0 
v 0
0
dv
Since, v  v0  kx. Hence slope of velocity displacement curve is  k.
dx
 
35.(AC) At highest point angle between a and v is zero. Hence, total acceleration is only normal or radial acceleration.
v2 v2
 a  an   a  an 
R R
But a=g but a=g
2
(u cos ) (u cos )2
 g  g
R R
2 2
u cos  u cos 2 
2
or R or R
g g
At point of projection component of acceleration (= g) along velocity vector is  g cos(90  ) or  g sin .
36.(C) Time of flight is the time taken by projectile to come back to horizontal level  It depends only on vertical
acceleration. As vertical acceleration is unchanged, T is unchanged T = T`

37.(A) To fall vertically below A, ball undergoes a

Projectile from ‘A’ to ‘B’ as shown.
Net displacement (A  B) about x-direction = 0
1 time of flight
0  Sx  u x  t   a  t 2 , t
2 2
 a = 26.6 m/sec2
 
38.(B) As the ball undergoes a parabolic motion from A to B, VB,x  VA,y  16iˆ
   
VB y  u y   v sin θjˆ  12ˆj
,
 VB  v x 2  v y 2  20 .
dx
39.(B) x = 5 sin 10t ; Vx   50 cos10t
dt
dy
y = 5 cos 10t ; Vy   50 sin10t  vnet  v x 2  v y 2  50m / sec
dt
40.(C) VRx 10 m / s

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VRy  10 m / s
Vmy  0
Drops appear vertical to man  V Rx Vmx  Vmx 10 m / s
41.(D)  10 3 m / s
VRY
 )2  (VRy
VR  (VRx  )2

 (10 3)2  102  20 m / s

42. [A – q s ; B – r ; C – p ; D – q s]
(A) constt. Speed
dx
So,  constant
dt
 Position time graph will be straight line  B, D will be the match
2
dx d 2x
(B)  0  (C) is correct match (C)  've'  (A) is correct match.
dt 2 dt 2
d2x dx
(D) 2
0 ( = constant)  (B, D) are correct match.
dt dt

43. [A – q s ; B – p ; C – p ; D – qr]
dv
(A)  constant.
dx
vdv
is increasing uniformly  acceleration is increasing (B) ax  (D)
dx
dv2 dv
(B)  constant  2v  constant
dx dx
vdv
So;  constant
dx
Acceleration of particle is constant  (A)
dv
(C)  constant
dt
a  constant α t  (A)
dv dv dt
(D)  constant or . = constant
dt 2 dt dt 2
1 dv
= constant
2t dt
44. [A – qs ; B – p ; C – r ; D – r]

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2
 1 

10 
2 
2
2
u sin2θ R 10  sin60 10 3 u 2 sin 2 θ  10
(A) R=  = =  Hmax =  = m
g 2 2g 4 2g 210 8

R2 usin θ 1 displacement
Displacement =  Hmax 2 time   sec. Avg. velocity =
2 g 2 total time
usinθ
(B) The time is given by Solve to get answer.
g
u 2sin2θ
(C) R= solve to get answer.
g
(D) Change in linear momentum = initial momentum – final momentum
= 3 10cos30º iˆ  10sin 30 ˆj  - 3 10cos30iˆ
45. [A – q ; B – r ; C – q ; D – r]
If particle is gaining speed in a uniform manner, then it’s tangential acceleration is non-zero and constant.
46.(20) At the time of collision, position of the both particles must be same.
So, diff. in x coordinate = 10 .
y coordinate is equal.
x1 – x2 = 10.
20cos 45º t  u cos 60º t  10 …..(1)
and u sin 60º t  20cos 45º t …..(2)
Solving, we get the answer.

47.(1) Let t be the instant at which the ball hits rear face AB of the trolley.
38 38
Then t   3.8s
v 0 cos 45º u 0 28.28cos 45º 10
1
At t = 3.8 s, the y-coordinate of the ball is y   v0 sin 45º  t  gt 2  20t  5t 2
2
Or y = 20(3.8) – 5(3.8)2 = 3.8 m
Since 3.8 m > 2m, therefore, the ball cannot hit the rear face of the trolley.
Now, we assume that the ball hits the top face BC of the trolley, and let t  be that instant.
Then, y = 2 = 20 t  - 5 t  2 or t  2 - 4 t  +0.4 = 0 ; t  = 3.9s
Let d be the distance from the point B at which the ball hits the trolley. Then,
d   v 0cos 45º u 0  t   t   20 103.9  9.8  1m
1/2 1/2
 2(  )l   2l 
48.(5) t min    vmax   
    
(0.25  0.5)8 103  2
t min   310 s  5 min10 s.
0.25  0.5
49.(1) The situation can be roughly shown in the figure. Let C take time t to overtake A.
drel  1000 m, vrel  (10  15)  25 ms 1
drel 1000
Here t    40 s
vrel 25
Let acceleration of B be a for overtaking
drel  1000 m ; vrel  15  10  5 ms 1

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drel  a and t = 40 s
1
Using d rel  urel t  arel t 2
2
1
100  5  40  a (40) 2  a  1 ms 2
2
50.(2) t1  t2  4min, v  a1t1  a2t2
1
S   4v  4  2v  v  2
2
1 1  1 1  1 1
t1  t2  v     4  2      2
 a1 a2   a1 a2  a1 a2
1 2 1
51.(8) S1  gt ; S 2  ut  gt 2
2 2
u2 h
S1  S2  h ; 4h   u  8 gh  ut  h  8gh t  h  t
2g 8g
52.(4) 0  v0 cos30  g sin 30t
v0 cos30
 t …(1)
g sin 30
1
 H cos30   v0 sin 30t  g cos30t 2 …(2)
2
By equation (1) and (2), we get
v 2  cot 2   2 gH
H  0 1    v0   4 m /s (  30)
g  2  5
53.(3) Vabsolute in vertically downward VHe after collision vertically upwards since collision is elastic so velocity of hail
stones w.r.t. car before and after collision will make equal angles.
V
VHe /1  VH  Vc  V  V1 ;   90  2  1  90 ; a1   . 2  21 tan 2  tan 21  1
V
54.(3) The horizontal and vertical components of the velocity are the same, let it be u = vcos 45°.
u2
From A to B : 1   u2  2g
2g
d g d g d2
At B : d  ut1  t1  ; 1  ut1  t12  u 
u 2 u 2 u2
g d2 gd 2
 1 d   1 d 
2 u2 4g
3d
 4  4d  d 2  d 2  4d  4  0  d  2m ; 3d  ut2  1t 2 
u
1 3d g 9d 2 9 gd 2 9d 2 9
l  ut2  gt22  u.  2
 3d   3d   3  2   4  6  9  3  l  3m
2 4 2 4 4g 4g 4
55.(9) vx  v cos 60  2 15 m /s  v  4 15 m /s
3
 v y  v sin 60  4 15  2 45 m /s
2
v 2y 4  45
H max    9m
2g 20

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 Vidyamandir Classes

1
23 3 
2V sin(  ) 2  3 3 sin(60  30) 2  0.6  0.1x ; x  6
56.(6) T 0  
g cos  10 cos30 3
10 
2
57.(15) As seen (from ground, ball rises vertically, so;
vcos60º  10m / s ……(1)
vy  vsin 60º

u 2 sin 2 θ vsin 60

2
Hmax =  ……(2)
2u 2g
Solving, we get the answer
2
10  sin 2 45º
58.(96) For =45º, H max   2.5  2m  Room Height 
2g
   45º
 R will be max for max. ‘  ’ possible for projection.
2
10  sin   2
H max  2  sin 2  
2 g 5
2

R
10   sin 2 100  2sin .cos 
 = 96m
g g
2v02 2v0
59.(2) Range  v0  time of flight (t)   t
gv0 g
dy
If y is the height of balloon at any instant t and its velocity then
dt
2
 dy   2v  1  2v  dy g dy
y    0   g  0    y  v0  0 ;  dt
 dt   g  2  g  dt 2v0 g
v0  y
2v0
2v0  g  2v0
  ln  v0  y t c At t = 0, y = 0  c ln v0
g  2 v0  g
2v02
Simplifying, we get y [1  e  gt / 2v0 ]
g
1
60.(5) For rat S  t 2 …(1)
2
1
For cat S  d  ut  t 2 …(2)
2
Putting the value of S from equation (i) in equation (2),
2u  4u 2  8d (   )
(  )t 2  2ut  2d  0 ; t
2(  )
u2 u2
For t to be real,  (   )  
2d 2d
Substituting a, d and u we get
52
  2.5   2.5  2.5  5 ms 2
25

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 Vidyamandir Classes

DYNAMICS OF A PARTICLE

1.(A) Displacement of M with respect to ground = displacement of block with respect to M  (A) is correct.

Acceleration of m with respect to ground a G   a  a cos   iˆ  a sin ˆj
 
a G  2a sin
2
2.(C) For the equilibrium of block  150cos 45º 50cos 45º   150sin 45º 50sin 45º    0.5
3.(B) F.B.D. of man and plank are
For plank be at rest, applying Newton’s second law to plank along
the incline Mgsin   f ……..(1)
And applying Newton’s second law to man along the incline.
Mg sin   f  ma ………(2)
 M
a  g sin  1   down the incline
 m
4.(C)

Till both Blocks remain in equilibrium :

F  T  fr1  0
T  fr1  fr2  0
5.(B) x2  y2  2
dx dy dy  x dx
 2x  2y.  0   ,
dt dt dt y dt
vy   cot 60º  3  v y  1m / s

 v  v x 2  v y 2  2m / s

6.(C) F.B.D. of A

C a=3

A
2T – 10g = 10a A (2)

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m A  10kg. mB  5kg From (1) and (2)

 let acc of A,B and C be a A ,a B ,a C 10a A  10a B
F.B.D. of B aA  aB
a A : a B  1:1

T  5g  5a B (1)
7.(B) Velocity of block and wedge along contact will be
same.
 9 cos37º  a sin 37º
4
a  9 = 12
3
Final motion

Nsin 37º  ma
3
N  1210  N  200N
5

8.(B) Draw force diagram of M and se that net force on M in both the cases is zero.
A
9.(B) Let B : foot of perpendicular drawn from A on the ground.
5m C : foot of perpendicular drawn from B to OX

B AC  5 sin 30  2.5m
O x
30 C AB  AC sin 30  1.25m
AB 1
 sin     acc. of the block  g sin   2.5 m / s 2
OA 4
1
 s  ut  1 / 2 at  2

2
 2.5  t 2  t  2 sec

10.(B) Along horizontal MV  m Vr cos   V 

10
 Vr  m / s  5.77 m / s
3

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11.(BD)
12.(ACD)

Maximum fr force between m2 and m1

 m2gμ  10 0.2  2N
F – fr – T = m2 a2
If in equilibrium
F  fr  T
T  2N [If F < 4N]
For m1 in this case :
T  Frmax
 fr and T will be equal  (A) is correct
It is not necessary if F > 4
T = 4N. (B) is not correct.
If F > 4, max Fr = 2N
 and system will accelerate
 system will not be in equilibrium (C) is correct

If F = 6N : Fr will be at max value. Fr = 2N

F – T – Fr = a2
4-T = a2
Since blocks are connected by string there acceleration will be equal


T – fr = a T–2=a 4–T=a
2a = 2, a = 1 and, T = 3N

13.(AC) Due to symmetric Structure wedge will be in equilibrium

and therefore acceleration of wedge is = 0
For B :  mg  T  ma …..(1)
T

m a

mg
A
For A : m T

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 Vidyamandir Classes

T = ma …..(2)
g
From (1) and (2) ;  a
2
14.(ABCD) P
If Fr is not present system will move towards right 4kg
 fr will act on P towards left
Max fr = 400.6  24N  = 0.6
System will be in equilibrium
If m q g  f r  m R g 4kg 2kg
40  f  20 Q R
f  20N
Since for is within limiting value  f  20 N system is in equilibrium
Q is in equilibrium R is in equilibrium
 TA  20N
 TB = 40 N

Contact force = 402  202 = 2000 = 20 5

15.(ABC)

System will be in equilibrium until A is in equilibrium.

Max Fr force on A  μ s  0.5g
= 2N
F = Kt = t (k = 1)
If T = f2 B is in equilibrium
f2 max 0.2  0.5g  1N
 For T  3 : system as a whole is in equilibrium
 For t upto 3 sec. system is in equilibrium and is at rest.
 Options A, B and C are correct.
For t > 3 sec :

F on A = 1N
Fr force max while motion of A   k  N  1
a
T – 1  t  T 1 
2
a
T 1 
2
dv 10 v
t–2=a= or 3  t  2  dt  0 dv
dt

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 Vidyamandir Classes

 t2 10
  2t    V  0 =31.5 m/s  D is incorrect.
2 
  3
16.(BCD) To maintain constant velocity, Fnet  0  P  fr always
17.(BC) For 10kg block : kx  10 12  120Nt.

For 20 kg block : 200  kx  20  a

200  120
 a
20
= 4 m/s2.

18.(AD) Suppose blocks A and B move together. Applying NLM on C, A + B, and D

60 – T = 6a
T – 18 – T’ = 9a
T – 10 = 1a
Solving a = 2 m/s2
To check slipping between A and B, we have to find friction force in this case. If it is less than limiting static
friction, then there will be no slipping between A and B.
Applying NLM on A.
T – f = 6(2)
As T = 48N
f = 30 N
and fs = 42 N hence A and B move together. And T` = 12 N.

19.(ABC) F.B.D of block B w.r.t. wedge

For block A
N cos 45º = 1.7 a ……..(i)
for block B
0.6g sin 45º + 0.6a cos 45º = 0.6b ………(ii)
N + 0.6a cos 45º = 0.6g cos 45º………(iii)
3g 23g
By solving (i), (ii), and (iii) a  and b 
20 20 2
23g
Now vertical component of acceleration of B  bcos45º 
40
17g
And horizontal component of acceleration of B = bsin 45º a 
40
20.(BD)

by string constrain

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 Vidyamandir Classes

vA  u  vB  0 Or v B  u  v A
Differentiating both side ; aB  0  a A
21.(AC) (1) Balancing forces perpendicular to incline
N = mg cos37º + ma sin 37º
4 3
N1  mg  ma
5 5
and along incline mg sin 37º - ma cos 37º = mb1
3 4
b1  g  a .
5 5
4 3 3 4
(2) Similarly for this case get N2  mg  ma and b2  g  a
5 5 5 5
4 3
N2  mg  ma
5 5
4 3 3 3
(3) Similarly for this case get : N3  mg  ma and b3  g  a
5 5 5 5
(4) Similarly for this case get
4 4
N 4  mg  ma
5 5
3 3
and b4  g  a
5 5

22.(AD) Force of friction on the block = max =  N  0.5  20  10 N  (A)


Total force exerted by the block on the cube is F  10 ˆi  24  kˆ  

F 10 2   24 2  26N  (D) is also correct.

23.(AD) For equilibrium

 /2 / 2
Rg  cos d   Rg  sin d 
0 0
  1
At the position of maximum tension in the rope
Rd  cos   (Rd g sin )
   45
At any 
dT  Rd  cos   Rd g sin 
Tmax  /4

 dT  Rg  (cos   sin ) d 

0 0

 1 1 
Tmax  Rg[sin   cos ]0 / 4   Rg    1  Rg ( 2  1)
 2 2 

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 Vidyamandir Classes

24.(AC) Initially the 4kg block experience increasing friction as it tries to prevent relative motion between the 2kg and 4kg
and the force increases with time then there is a discontinuity in the graph of a4vst because the values of frictional
force decrease from limiting to kinetic friction. The friction causes increasing acceleration on 2 kg block but after it
starts relative motion the kinetic friction it constant causing constant acceleration.
25.(AD) Initially both friction and external forces acts opposite to motion.
mg  5 N
F  15N V = at
20 10
a   m /s 2 At t   5s
10 2
 2 m /s 2 Velocity change direction
Later after velocity changes direction friction acts opposite to motion (+ve x-axis) and ext force act along motion.
mg  5 N
F = – 15 N
10
a   m /s 2  1 m /s 2
10
dv dv d 2 x2
Hence,  2 at t = 5 and  1 from then  2
dt dt dt 2
26.(BC)

When the block is seen with respect to wedge a pseudo force ma will act horizontal. By normal constrain
ma cos(90  )  mg cos   N
ma sin   mg cos   N

Magnitude of acceleration
a 2  a 2  2 a 2 cos(180   )

2a 2 (1  cos  )

4a 2 sin 2  /2
2a sin  /2
27.(ABCD)
Taking wall as reference from a pseudo force acts on the block = ma
Where a is acceleration of reference  20 m/s 2
N = ma
= 10 × 20
= 200 N

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 Vidyamandir Classes

Limiting friction  N
= 0.6 × 200 = 120 N
Friction required to prevent sliding is 100 N
f = 100 N
Total contact force  (200) 2  (100) 2
 100 5N
28.(ACD)
For breaking off the plane : Fsin   mg
mg
 at02 sin   mg  t0 
a sin 
Speed at time of breaking off.
t0
at 2 cos  at 2 cos  a cos  mg mg mg 3
 v dt  0   
0
m 3m 3m a sin  a sin  9a tan 2  sin 
Fcos  at02 cos  amg cos 
a     g cot .
m m a sin  m
t0
at 3 a 4 a m2 g 2 cos  mg 2
s   vdt   cos  dt  t0   2 2 
0
3m 12m 12m a sin  12a tan  sin 

29.(BD) As on the gravity and normal are the only two forces acting
( M  m) g  N  ( M  m)acm
N
g  acm
( M  m)
By normal constrain
Block m will apply N1 force of the wedge normally.
And the component of the force in x direction ( N1 sin ) will provide acceleration
Max  N1 sin 
N1 sin 
ax 
M
30.(BCD) Angular velocity of sleeve = 
Radius of rotation = l1
Centrifugal force  m2l1

N x be normal in plank of motion N x  m2l1

Let N y be normal in direction planking out gravity
N y  mg

N 2  N x2  N y2

N  (m2l1 )2  (mg ) 2

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 Vidyamandir Classes

 m2 (4l12  g 2 )

 m 4l12  g 2
As it starts slipping
F = f  N
31.(D) a = 0, since  mB  mA  gsin45º  g  AmA  BmB  cos45º 
2
32.(B) Since mg sin 45º > mg cos 45º
3
2
And 2mg sin 45º > mg cos 45º
3
Therefore block B has tendency to move downward.
2mg
We have  T  FrB  0
2
2 mg 4 mg
FrB   T=
3 2 3 2
mg mg
33.(B) Again T   FrA  0  FrA  downward.
2 3 2
34-36. 34.(A) 35.(A) 36.(B)
T T
T
x1
R a1
a1 N
m2
T
a2 a3 x2 x3
m1 N

m2g m3g
m1g
T  N  m1a1 . . . . (i) N  m2 a1 . . . . (ii)
m2 g  T  m2 a2 . . . . (iii) m3 g  T  m3 a3 . . . . (iv)
x1  x2  x3 const.
  a1  a2  a3  0 . . . . (v)
120 40 30
Solve the equation for T , a1 and a3 to get : T  N ; a1  m / s2 ; a3  m / s2
7 7 7
37. [A – p r] [B – p s] [C – p r] [D – q]
(A) f1  0.3  20  6 N , f1K  0.2  20  4 N
f 2   f 2 K  0.1 50  5N
For combined block
15  5  10a  a  1 m s 2
f1  2  1  2 N
Hence all blocks will have same acceleration. Also f1  f hence [A-p, r] similarly solve others

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 Vidyamandir Classes

38. [A – p r] [B – r ] [C – q r s] [D – q r]
mA  m B  3kg;mC  m D  m E  2kg
If spring 2 is cut then block D is momentarily at rest. it will accelerate up.
Block B will only with be at momentarily rest and has zero acceleration because just after
cutting other force remains same.
If spring 1 is cut block A will accelerate down with acc. g and will be at moment’s rest
Similarly for D it will be at moment’s rest and it will accelerate down but not with g due
to stretched spring between D and E.

39. [A – q s] [B – p r] [C – q r] [D – q s]
Acceleration will be same till N exists. This is possible only if μ1  μ 2
When acceleration will be different, then N = 0 and μ 2  μ1
Now match the option.
40.(10)

30°

N A sin 60º  mg …..(1) and NA cos60º N B  ma ….(2)

From (1) and (2) NB = 0 incase of amax.
mg g
  ma a  n  10
3 3
41.(5) v A  1m / s, v B  3m / s
Power delivered by internal force = 0.
2TVA cos180º 2TVB cos0  TVC cos180º  0
2T  T 6  VC T  0  VC = 4
Since C is in contact with B.

 C will have velocity = 3 m/s along horizontal  Net velocity of C = 32  42 = 5m/s

42.(5)

50m
F2=8N
F1
B
ON A

For A :
F1  2F2  mAa A
A  4m / s 2
For B :

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 Vidyamandir Classes

8
F2  m B a B  a B   8m / s2
1
1 1
 Distance covered by B  dist covered by A + 50  8t 2  4t 2  50
2 2
2t 2  50
t 2  25
t  5sec.
43.(1) Case (i)
String length is constant and B is in always with A.

 a1  a 2
For B : N1  m B .a1  20a1 …..(1) ; 20g  T  20a 2  20a1 ….(2)
For A : T  N1  m A a1  40a1 …..(3)
1  2 1
(1) + (2) + (3)  a1  a 2  m / s 2  a B  a12  a 22   m / s2 .
4 4 2 2
Case (ii) :
For B : a1 = a2
20g – T = 20 a2 ..…(iv)
For A : T = 40 a1 = 40 a2 …..(v)
From (iv) + (v)
1
 20g  60a 2  a 2  m / s2
3
1
2
3
 Required ratio = 2   n = 1.
1 2 2
3
44.(1) Max acceleration of system is possible if for value is max
Fr max = 500  0.2 = 100 N
 max acceleration of man = 2m/s2 and of plank = 10 m/s2
Their acceleration will always be in opposite directions .
Now, let man acce at 2m/s2 and plank at 10 m/s2 for time t, and let them
decelerate at 2 m/s2 and 10 m/s2 for time t2 .
1 2 1 1 1
 2t1  10t12  2t 2  10t 22  300 ; t12  t 22  50
2 2 2 2
Now t1 + t2 will be min if time for acceleration and deceleration are same
 t1  t 2  2t12  50

t12  25sec
t1 = 5 sec.  total time t  2t1  10 sec.

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 Vidyamandir Classes

45.(9) Particle in gravity free space

m  2.5kg
F = 67.5N
This is a case of circular motion where F is  to motion. Since it is uniform circular motion
mv2
F
R
2.5  9
67.5 
R
v2 2.5  9 1 v 2 2
67.5 = m ; R     9rad / s ;  T 
R 67.5 3 R w 9
46.(4) amonkey/rope  g /4
Let acceleration of M  a0
So, acceleration of rope  a0
  
a monkey  a monkey/rope  a rope  (a0  g /4)
Now for mass M, T  Mg  Ma0 …(i)
For monkey mg  T  m(a0  g /4) …(ii)
From equation (i) and (ii)
mg
mg  Mg  a0 ( M  m) 
4
 5m  (5m  4M ) g
 a0    M  g /(M  m) 
 4  4( M  m)
M (5m  4M ) g
 T  Mg
4(M  m)
47.(1) In order to achieve a minimum of F, it should be directed as shown in the figure, The value of  can be found using
the FBD of the block. Normal to the incline.
N  mg cos   F sin  …(i)
Along the incline
N  F cos   mg sin  …(ii)

From (i) and (ii), we get

mg (sin    cos )
F
cos    sin 
For F to be minimum
d
(cos    sin )
d
   tan 

mg (sin    cos  ) 1   2
 Fmin 
1 

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 Vidyamandir Classes

48.(6.25)
mg  T  ma1

2mg  2T  2ma2
So, a1  a2
Relative acceleration of bead with respect to end = 3a
1 l
 displacement of block x  at 2   6.25m
2 3
dv
49.(2) At Vmax ,  0 so there won’t be any tangential force, only force will be radial provided by friction
dt
mv 2  r  r2 
 0 1   mg ; v 2  0  r   g
r  R  R 

d ( v) 2 R
0 ; r 1 …(i)
dr 2
Therefore at r = 1, v is maximum
50.(2) Drawing F.B.D. diagrams

10 g  2T  10aA
5 g  T  5aB
T from equations (1) & (2) we get
10a A  10aB  0
 a A  aB
l1  l2  l3  constant
yE  yA  y A  yB  constant
Differentiation twice w.r.t. time,
a  2aA  aB  0
2a A  aB  3 or 3a0  3

 aB  1 m/s2 , aA  1 m/s2
aA  aB  1 m/s2 upwards

51.(2) Block A and B will not move unless tension in the string T   A g (48 N )
Let blocks A and B do not move and maximum elongation in the spring be x.
Applying conservation of mechanical energy for the block C and the spring. We get
2mc g
x   2 102 m
k
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 Vidyamandir Classes

In this situation F.B.D. of the block B is

For blocks to be in equilibrium T  kx0  mg  40 N  Tmax  40 N ( 48 N ) Hence blocks A
2mc g
Therefore maximum distance moved by the block C is x0   2 102 m = 2 cm
k
52.(2) For small values of  friction will be directed radially inwards as the tension in the string is zero. The string will
develop tension only if the centrifugal force FC exceeds the limiting friction f e i.e. when
g
m2 r  mg  f e  mg  or 
r
in this case direction of friction will be as shown in the figure.
For equilibrium
F0  T cos 45  fe cos 
and T sin 45  fe sin 
Eliminating T, we get
Fc  f e  sin   cos  

2g
i.e., m2 r  mg  2 sin    45   or 2  sin    45 
r
2g
Maximum value of sin    45  is 1.  Maximum value of    2.
r
F  f1 F  m1 g
53.(2) a1    10 m /s 2
m1 m1
 F  m2 g 1 1
a2   1 m / s 2  s arel t 2 22  [10  ( 1)]t 2  t  2sec
m2 2 2

54.(2) Using conservation of energy principle, if v be the speed of either ball when its radius vector makes angle  with
vertically upward direction.
1 2 mv 2
mgR 1  cos   mv   2mg 1  cos 
2 R

From F.B.D. (i)

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mv 2
N  mg cos    mg cos   2mg 1  cos 
R
From F.B.D. (ii)
N   2 N cos   Mg
At the instant tube breaks its contact with ground
N  0  Mg   mg cos   2 mg 1  cos    2cos   0
For   60, we get m/M  2.

55.(3) mg sin   f  m2l

mg sin   mg cos   m2l

1 3
g   g   2l
2 2
5 2  5 3
3

5
3
2   k 3
25
l
105
56.(9) W   2rxdxP  rPl 2  (0.3)(3  102 )
  102  9 J

0

57.(3) Acceleration of bead  ( g sin 37  g cos37)

1
15.3  ut  at 2
2
1
15.3   ( g sin 37  g cos37)  t 2
2
t = 3 sec
58.(3) The free-body diagrams are shown in figure. Let’s first determine how F1 is related to N1 and then invoke the
F1   w N1 condition. Balancing torques on the disk around the centre gives F1R  F2 R  F1  F2 . Balancing
horizontal forces on the disk gives N1  F2 . Combining these4 relations gives N1  F1. So the F1   w N1 condition
becomes.
F1   w F1   w  1
Note that this result has nothing to do with the exact nature of the stick. It could have a different length (as long as it
is at least the radius of the disk), be nonuniform, etcs.

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 Vidyamandir Classes

Now lets’ determine how F2 is related to N 2 and then invoke the F2   s N 2 condition. Balancing torques on the
stick around the pivot gives N 2  mg. Balancing vertical forces on the disk gives F1  N 2  mg  F1  2mg.
(Basically, F1 is the vertical force supporting the whole system. There is no vertical force at the pivot even through
we drew one in the figure to be general, because otherwise there would be a non-zero torque on the stick around its
centre). But F1  F2 from above, so we have F2  2mg. The F2   s N 2 condition therefore becomes.
2mg   s (mg )   s  2
We see that we need a larger coefficient of friction with the stick than with the wall. The entire set of forces in this
problem is N1  F1  F2  2mg and N 2  mg. But the actual values weren’t necessary for the  w  1 result.

d v2
59.(8) 2T sin  dN  Rd  (  is linear mass density of belt)
2 R

 Td   dN  v 2d 
 /2  / 2  /2
 so total normal   dN cos    T cos d   v 2  cos d 
/ 2  /2  /2

 N  8 newton.
60.(1) From Collision
mv0  3mvy
v0
vy 
3
From COE
1 2 1 1
mv0  3 mv 2y  2 mvx2
2 2 2
1 2 v2 2 
mvx  1  2 2   mvx
2  9 
v0
vx 
3
From frame of ball B,
mvx2
3T 
l
mvx2 (3)(v02 )
 T  1
l 3  3 1

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 Vidyamandir Classes

ENERGY AND MOMENTUM

1.(D) Since the external force is always equal and opposite to the tangential component of mg, there would be no
acceleration of block. i.e. its kinetic energy will remain constant. Now, use work energy theorem. Since there is no
change in K.E., net work done on the block would be zero. Therefore, work done by external force will be negative
of the work done by gravity, i.e. –(mgH) = mgH.
2.(B) Use conservation of energy to find the speed of block at 600 position. Note that there is no change in spring energy.
Now write the force equation at this position, putting normal reaction as zero.
mv 2
3.(C) N – mgsin =
R
1 2 mv 2 2mgH mg 5mg
mv = mgH  = = 2mg N = + 2mg =
2 R R 2 2
2
25  3  28
Contact force = mg   = mg

4  2  2
4.(B) In both COM and ground frame, Kmax is when x is zero in spring, which occurs simultaneously.
2 2
m (V )  0 Vo   4Vo  1
1  Vo  2 2
Vcm =
5m
=
5
Kmax cm =  5   2 (4m)  5   5 mvo
2
m
   
 1 2 1 2 V2
Kmax ground = mvo ; Kmin cm = 0, Kmin ground = (m  4m )Vcm  o
2 2 10
1
Kmax m = mVo2 (ground frame)
2
Kmin m = 0 (ground frame when energy is shared by spring & 4m only) Hence (B)

5.(D) The component of velocity along the inclined plane must vf

remain unchanged. 3 m/s
 V f sin 30  3 cos 30  V f  3m / s
30 30

after before
u u
6.(A) Parallel to inclined plane, u cos   v1 sin   v1 
3 m 4m
u
Along horizontal mu  4mv2  v2  
4
Before collision
Along common normal v2 sin  v1 cos   eu sin 
u1
u 3 u 1 3 7 u2
 .   eu  e After collision
4 2 3 2 2 12

1 3g
7.(C) In equilibrium, K .  2 g  K  2000 N / m and to lift 3 kg, elongation in spring should be  15 cm .
100 K
1 2 1 2
Let 2 kg is compressed by x  K  0.01  x   2 g  0.01  x  0.015   K  0.015 
2 2
2
  
1000 x  0.0001  0.02 x  20  x  0.025   0.225  x 2  625 10 6  x  2.5 cm
 

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 Vidyamandir Classes

   
  m a  m2 a2  ( m  m2 ) g  m1a1
8.(D) acm  g  1 1 or a2  1
m1  m2 m2

m (v f  Vi )  
m 6iˆ  4 ˆj  5kˆ  iˆ  2 ˆj  
15 5iˆ  6 ˆj  5kˆ
9.(A) Fore =
t
=
.1
=
.1

= 150 5iˆ  6 ˆj  5kˆ 
10.(D) Since the cloth is sliding under the dishes, frictional force acting on dishes is kinetic friction. Hence magnitude of
this force is fixed (i.e. it is independent of velocity with which cloth is pulled). Hence the momentum imparted by
cloth to dishes is proportional to time alone. The faster you pull the cloth, the lesser momentum you impart to the
dishes.

11.(BC) Resolve the initial and final velocities parallel and perpendicular to the ground. Since the ground is frictionless,
the parallel component will be conserved. Also, perpendicular component becomes e times in magnitude,
after collision.

m1  m2 2m2u1
12.(ABC) v1 = u1 ; v2 =
m1  m2 m1  m2

13.(AC) Maximum possible velocity of ball occurs if e = 1. In this case, if v denotes the velocity of ball after collision,
v  u1
e 1  ; This will give v = u0 + 2u1
u0  u1
Also, work done by racket = change in K.E. of the ball. This gives (C).

14.(ACD) Initially After collision

MV1 = MV/2 MV/2 + MV/2 = 3MV'/2

V1 = V/2 V' = 2V/3
 2V V  MV
 Impulse = M    =
 3 2 6
V D
D
 
D 2 V  D 3D 4D
Time = = =  =
V V  (V / 2) V V V
15.(C) Since the ball is moving along the inclined plane after collision, we can say that the normal component of their
relative velocity has become zero after collision. Hence (A) is correct.
During collision, wedge applies a force on the ball along its normal .Hence linear momentum of ball can be
conserved only along the inclined plane.
Momentum of (ball + wedge) can be conserved only along horizontal direction as an impulsive normal reaction acts
on the wedge from ground.

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 Vidyamandir Classes

16.(AC)8 sin  = v cos 

8cos  2g×3.2=8 m/s
 v sin 
2
1 
2 tan  = cot   tan  =
2  90–
8
V
v= = 4 2 m/s

2
1  2 
2   
k =  1 4 2  82 = –16 J
  
Projectile never travels vertically downward.
17.(ABC)
vA

A 30°
10m/s
30° B
B
vB
vB = 10 cos 30° 5 3 and vA = 10 sin 30° = 5

18.(ACD) Since the pulley is frictionless, string will not be able to exert any tangential force on the pulley. Hence
pulley will not rotate. Rest can be solved by energy conservation.

19.(AD) As particles stick after collision, so their initial momentum are the impulses imparted to 10 m.
IT
Along vertical net impulse to 10m is zero
3mu mu
 IT  mu cos 60  3mu cos 60 = 2mu 60
60
Along horizontal, 3mu sin 60  mu sin 60  10  1  1 mv
3u
(v : velocity of combined mass just after the collision)  v 
12 10m
2
1 2 1  3u 
2 1 39mu 2 Impulse diagram of 10m
Loss in energy = m  3u   mu  12 m   
2 2 2  12  8
u
20.(BCD) At the time of impact, angle between the line following the centre of A , B and A , C is 90
B
Net impulse on A = Change in momentum = mV. A
By symmetry (C) is also correct. v
Let u : velocity of B and C after collision.  Along the initial line of motion of A C

mV  2mu cos 45  u V / 2 u

1 1  1  V  2  1
 
Initial KE  mV 2 Final KE  2  mu 2   2  m 2
   2 mV  initial KE
2 2   2  2 

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 Vidyamandir Classes

21.(B)  x  displacement = distance of centre of mass from the centre of initial position of the
sphere
M  0  M  R / 2  R
 
x M M 2
22.(ABC)From momentum conservation
u
mu = mv cos30 + mv cos 30 ; v 
3
So, choice (C) is correct
For an oblique collision, we have to take components along normal i.e., along AB for sphere A and B.
3 3 2
vB  v A  e(u A  uB ) ; v – 0 = e [u cos30 – 0] ; v  eu  ; v  e.v 3. ; e
2 2 3
So, choice (A) is correct. Also, loss of kinetic energy
2
1 1  1 1  u   1 2
K  mu 2  2  mv 2   mu 2  2 m     mu
2 2  2 2  3   6
 
23.(ABCD)
The velocity of bob just before the impact is v  2 gl along the horizontal direction
From momentum conservation
mv  mv1  5mv2
v1  v2
From coefficient of restitution equation, 1   v1  v2  v
v
2v v
Solving above equations, we get ; v1  , v2 
3 3
mv12 17
For tension in string ; T  mg   T  mg
l 9
mv 2 2 gl
T  mg  , v2  (T = 3 mg)
l 3
mv12 4l
(i) Let the maximum height attained by the bob be h, then  mgh  h 
2 9
24.(ABC)
(A) mv  ( M  v )V  cos 

(B) Mv  (m  M )V  sin  ; (m  M )V   (mv ) 2  (MV ) 2

1 2 1
(C) Initial kinetic is ; kl  mv  MV 2
2 2
1
Final K.E. is k f  (m  M )v2
2
mM
Decrease in K .E.  Kl  k f ; k  (v 2  V 2 )
2(m  M )

k mM  v2  V 2 
Fraction of initial kinetic transformed into heat is   2 2
kl m  M 
 mv  MV 
APP | Energy and Momentum 32 Solution | Physics
 Vidyamandir Classes

25.(AC) Area of (a – t) curve  32 ms 1  V f  Vi ; V f  32  Vi  32  6  38 ms 1

1 1
Work done by all forces  KE ;  m(V f2  Vi 2 )  (382  6 2 )  704 J
2 2
Work done by conservation forces
U i  U f  320 J
Work done by external forces= 704 – 320 = 384 J
26.(AC) The spring is compressed by x
Block will not return if mg  Kx
mg (0.3)(1)(10)
So, xmax    0.30 m
K 10
Work done against friction  Ei  E f
1 1 1 1
mg ( x  2)  mv02  Kx 2 ; (0.3)(1)(10)(0.3  2)    (1)v02    (10)(0.3)2
2 2 2 2
On solving, v0  3.8 m /s

27.(AC) In case of both A and C they are path independent.

3 2
Now consider B
 y dx  xy dx it dependent on now ‘y’ is related to ‘x’. So case B fails same with D.
28.(BCD)
Work is said to be done in a frame any when the point of application of force undergo displacement.
29.(ABC)Between A and B
1
mgl cos   mvB2 ; VB  2 gL cos 
2
ar  2 g cos  ; at  g sin 
mvB2
Now, at B ; TB  mg cos  
L
Put VB  TB  3mg cos 
at 1 1
tan(90  )   tan   tan   2  cos  
ar 2 3
30.(ACD) Applying conservation of total energy
1 2 1 mv 2
mu  mga (1  cos )  mv 2 ; mg cos   N 
2 2 a
For particle to lose contact N = 0
v 2  ag cos  ; u 2  ga (2  3cos )  0
31-33. 31.(B) 32.(B) 33.(D)
Let V1 be speed of combined mass just after collision.
From COM in horizontal direction.
5g 
2m V cos 45  3m v1  v1  5 g    Vmin  3
2
At   60 Let velocity = V2. 3m V1

APP | Energy and Momentum 33 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes

1 1
3 mg 1  cos     3mV12  3mV22  V2  2 g 
2 2
1
Hence velocity at highest point = V2 cos  = 2 g   = g 
2 V2
V22
V22 sin 2 
Maximum height =  1  cos    = 2
2g
34-35. 34.(D) 35.(B)

Let velocity of 2m and m be V and V1 respectively then V cos   V1 (using constraint relation)
 V1 = 0.6 V
1 1 2
Using conservation of energy  2m 10 3  2  m101   2m  V 2  2   m  0.6V 
2 2 4 4
5 5
 V  10 m / s and V1  0.6V  6 m/ s
17 17 3
5
5 v1 m
 
36  m v1
V12 17  1.53 m
m
H max  1  1 1m 2m 1m
2g 2  10
v
36. [A – s ; B – r ; C – q ; D – p]
A corresponds to the case where velocities are exchanged. This matches with S.
B corresponds to a perfectly inelastic collision. This matches with R as the putty is expected to be perfectly
inelastic.
37. [A – q ; B – r s ; C – q p ; D – r p]
Final common velocity= 4 m/s (from cons. of momentum)
As KE of 1 kg block decreases, work done by friction on it is –ve.
Similarly, work done by friction on 2 is +ve
Total work done by friction = change in KE (2 kg + 1 kg)
1 1 1
= × 1 × 62 + × 2 × 32 – (1 + 2) (4)2 = 27 – 24 = 3J
2 2 2

38.(1)

Form linear momentum conservative (for collision B & C)

v0
mv0 = 2mv  v =
2
FBD

APP | Energy and Momentum 34 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes

g
aA = g , aBC = 
2
 3g
aA/ B =  v 2A/ B = U A2 / B + 2aA/B SA/B 


2
2
v   3g 
0 =  0   x  L
2  2 
v2
L= 0 = 1m
12g

39.(2) his happens of after collision both ball and inclined Component of velocity of ball along the inclined
plane have same horizontal velocities say V2, say V1 plane remain same
be initial velocity of ball Vy be vertical velocity of V1 cos   V2 cos   Vy sin  ... (3)
ball after collision, m1 – mass of ball, m2 – mass of
inclined plane. Vy sin   (V1 – V2 ) cos
 using (2)& (3)
Conservation of linear momentum in horizontal Vy cos  V1sin  
direction
2 V1  V2
m1V1  ( m1  m2 )V2 ... (1) Tan  =
V1
Coefficient of restitution = 1 V2 = V1(1– tan2) ... (4)
[V2 sin   (V2 sin   Vy cos )] (m1 + m2) V2 = m1V1 ... (1)
1=– m1
0  V1 sin  Divide M1 + m2 =
1  tan 2 
V y cos   V1 sin   ... (2)
m1
= cot2 –1; cot2 30° –1 = 2 Ans.
m2
40.(1)At the moment of collision

After collision
0.25 v0 = –0.25 v1 + 0.5 v2 or 2v2 – v1 = v0 ... (1)
As collision is elastic,
v 2  v1
e=1=  v2 + v1 = v0 ... (2)
v0
2 v0
 v2 = v0  v1 = =1  Velocity A is 1 m/s backward
3 3
 v2 
41.(2) (d1 + d2) = v1  
g
 v2 
d1 = (ev1)  
g

APP | Energy and Momentum 35 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes

  2ev2  
d2 = ev1   
 g 
v v 
d2 = 2e2  1 2 
 g 
d1 d 1
d2 = 2ed1 ; d1 + d2 = d1 + 2ed1 = 1 1 + 2e =
e e e
1
Solving e = ; Therefore, 1/e = 2
2
1
42. (3) mg cos = mv2 – 0 ... (1)
2
mv 2 T 
T – mg cos= ... (2) ar

T
Tsin   µN ... (3)
Tcos+ Mg = N ... (4) N
sin 2 mg v
On solving µ  µN
M 
2  cos 2  
 3m 
 mg
1 ~ 3m 3×10–3
RHS is maximum when  = 45° ; µ
2M
 1 2M
3m
43.(3) P = kl1
1  1 2 
P(l1 + l2) =  kl22  0  –  kl1  0 
 2   2 
k 2 2
kl12 + kl1l2 =
2

l2  l1 
2l12 + 2l1l2 – l22 + l12 = 0
3 l12 + 2l1l2 – l22 = 0 ; l2 = 3l1
44.(6) (1 + 3) v = (1) (8) + (3) (4) = 20 ; v = 5 m/sec
1 39
For block A, W f  (1) (52  82 )   J
2 2
1 27
For block B, W f  (3) (52  4 2 )   J
2 2
Net work done by friction = – 6J
45.(10) Loss in gravitational = gain in KE + gain in elastic potential energy + work done against friction
1 1
mgx sin 53  mv 2  Kx 2  (mg cos53) x …(1)
2 2
kx  mg cos   mg sin  …(2)
Solving (1) and (2)
mv 2 m(v02  2 gl sin30) 5g
46.(5) T  mg sin   ; 4mg  mg sin 30  ; v0 
R l 2

APP | Energy and Momentum 36 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes

47.(24) FBD of the block, ; f L  6 N , Fpseudo  4 N  f  4N

Acceleration of the block with respect to observes  2  5  3 m /s 2

1
 Displacement of the block w.r.t observes   3  4  6 m
2
 Work done by friction w.r.t observes = – 24 Joule
48.(2) Free body diagram is:
N cos   mg
N sin   m (2 g )

 tan   2    tan 1 (2)

 Maximum possible angular displacement
 2  2 tan 1 (2)

3  (5cos37)  5  0
49.(5) (Vcm ) x   1.5 m /s
8
3  (5sin 37)  5  5
(Vcm ) y   2 m /s
8
 
Vcm  (1.5 i  2 j ) m /s  Collision at origin hence initial position of C.M. is ri  0
   
 (rcm ) f  (rcm )i  V cm t  3i  4 j  (rcm ) f  9  16  5 m

50.(2) Force F on plate = Force exerted by dust particles

= Force on dust particles by the plate
= Rate of change of momentum of dust particles
= Mass of dust particles striking the plate per
Unit time × change in velocity of dust particles  A(v  u) (v  u )  A(v  u ) 2

51.(4) When simple pendulum released from position A strikes the wall with velocity v then by conservation of mechanical
energy.
L
mgL  0  mv 2  0, i.e. v  2 gL
2
Now as coefficient of restitution is e so, speed of pendulum after first collision will be
v1  ev  e 2 gL
Now after completing oscillation in accordance with conservation of mechanical energy it will strike the wall with
same velocity and so its velocity after second collision will be
v2  ev1  e(e 2 gL )  e 2 2 gL

So the velocity of the pendulum after n collision will be vn  en v  e n 2 gL

Now if it rises to a height h, by conservation of mechanical energy
 1
m(vn )2  mgh, i.e., e 2n 2 gL  gh
2 2

APP | Energy and Momentum 37 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes

2n n
h L(1  cos )  2   2  4
or, e2n   or,    1  cos  as e   or    1  cos 
L L  5  5 5
1
Now for  to be lesser than 60, cos    
2
1
i.e. 1  cos  
2
n n
4 1 5
So,    or,    2 or n(log10 – 3log2) > log2
5 2 4
0.301
or n [as log10 = 1 and log2 = 0.3010] or n > 3.1
0.097
As n (number of collisions) must be integer so for   60, n  4

52.(2) Let Vrel be the final velocity of the ball w.r.t. wedge and V be the final velocity of the wedge w.r.t. ground.
Now, velocity of ball w.r.t. ground
Horizontal component  Vx  Vrel .cos   V
Vertical component  V y  Vrel sin 
COM in horizontal direction gives
mu  m(Vrel cos   V )  MV …(1)
Since velocity of ball along wedge remains constant
 u cos   Vrel  V cos  …(2)
mu sin 2 
Solving (1) and (2) we get ; V  2 m /s
M  m sin 2 
53.(4) Let velocity of I ball and II ball after collision be v1 and v2 ; v2  v1  0.5 10
mv2  mv1  m 10  v2  v1  10
Solving equation (1) and (2) v1  2.5 m /s, v2  7.5 m /s
Ball II after moving 10 m collides with ball III elastically and stops. But ball I moves towards ball II. Time taken for
10
second collisions between ball 1 and 2 ;  4 sec
2.5
54.(4) After elastic collision
 m  2m 
VA1    9  3 m / s
 m  2m 
By conservation of linear momentum after all collisions
m(9)  m(3)  3m(Ve ) or Ve  4 m /s
55.(5) Velocity of first block before collision
v12  12  2(2)  0.16  1  0.64 ; v1  0.6 m /s
By conservation of momentum ; 2  0.6  2v1  4v2
Also v2  v1  v1 for elastic collision. It gives v2  0.4 m /s ; v1  0.2 m /s
(0.4)2 (0.2)2
Now distance moved after collision s2  and s1  ; s  s1  s2  0.05 m  5 cm.
2 2 2 2

APP | Energy and Momentum 38 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes

56.(2) Consider first collision between M and 4 M on the right, the velocities after collision are
3 2
VM   u ; V4 M  u
5 5
Particle of mass M will move to the left and collide with 4 M. The velocities after collision are
2
3 2 3
VM    u; V4 M    u
5 5 5
So in all there are two collisions.
u B2 sin 2  2 g (h  hB )sin 2 30
57.(7) h0  3   3
2g 2g
h 3) 7 h
4(given)  3  h sin 2 30  hB sin 2 30  3   ;   h  7m
4 4 4 4
58.(4) Decrease in mechanical energy = work done
1 1
Against friction m2  kx 2  (mg ) x
2 2
2gx  k
v
m
Putting m = 0.18 kg, x = 0.06 m, k  2 Nm1
  01 we get
4
  0.4 m /s  m /s  N 4
10
59.(6) After colliding with ground, horizontal component of velocity, i.e., 10 sin30° = 5 m/s will remain unchanged while
its vertical component will become zero. Collision with wall is elastic.
Hence, it will only reverse the direction of velocity of ball, magnetic will remain unchanged,
BC  CB  BA 30
i.e., 5 m/s ; Therefore t    6s
V 5
60.(6) By Energy conservation v12 = v02  2 g (1 – cos ) = 0
Tangential at = gsin= 6 m / s2

=37°
 v1

v0

Radial ar = 0
Resultant acceleration = ar2  at2 = 6 m/s2

APP | Energy and Momentum 39 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes

ROTATION AND GRAVITATION

1.(C) Since all the particles on a helix are equidistant from the axis, we can use I = mR2, where m is the total mass of
wire. Length of helical wire can be found by unrolling the helix into a straight line.
2.(A) Use the formula for moment of inertia of a triangular plate about its base (I = mh2/6). Note that the two diagonals of
a rectangle will not be in general perpendicular to each other. Hence perpendicular axis theorem cannot be used.

 m 2 6F
3.(A) F.   
2 12 m
F
F  mac  ac 
m
 3F F
aB   ac    2m / s 2 (right)
2 m m

40  I 2 1 2 I 2 3 I 2 1 2 2
4.(B)   m  r      m2 r 2 I= mr
100  2 2  2 5 2 5 3

5.(D) Relative acceleration 2µg

m
µmg
µmg
m

L
6.(D)  cos  = v0
2
L C
 sin  = v  v = v0 tan 
2 
L 1 v=?  v0
7.(B) mg = mL2
2 3
3g 3g 2L L
 = and x = g  x=g x=  Distance from B =
2L 2L 3 3
8.(A) Impulse = mV    mV0   m V  V0  and about centre of mass angular impulse
 mV 2 6 V  V0  cos 
= m V  V0  cos   . (= change in angular momentum)  
2 12 
T 3
9.(A) mg  T  ma  mg  ma
2
 1
Tr  mr 2 a  2g / 3
2
mg 2mg mg
N
a a  r T  mg  
3 3
T f
T
f
N  mg
mg 1
mg f N   mg   
3 3
APP | Rotation and Gravitation 40 Solution | Physics
 Vidyamandir Classes

5
10.(C) About centre of earth, m ve R  mvr  ΔL  0
6
2
1  5  GM m 1 GM m
Where v is the velocity at maximum distance r and m ve    m v2 
2  6  R 2 r

5 GM GM 5 GM R2 GM r
   .
2
 Let x  x2  6 x  5  0  x  5 or 1
6 R R 6 R r r R
2  4 3
Vs2  Vs1 Vs1 / 2  Vs1 Vs1 2 2 3  1 10
11.(C)     T  R       Rs2  40,000 km
r2  r2 4 Rs1  Rs1 6 Rs1 6TS1  8  Rs 
2

GM Vs1 2
 Rs2  4 Rs1 as V0   Vs2      / 3 rad / hr
R 2 6Ts1
12.(A) W  ΔV  V  V p   V p P
2 2
To find V p we considering of radius x and thickness dx. (4 R)  x

GdM M  2 xdx  2 Mxdx 4R

dV p   , dM  
2 2 2
x 2  16 R 2   4 R     3R  7R
4R
GdM 2 MGxdx 2GM
 VP    x 2  16 R 2
  7R2 2 2

7R
4 2 5  x dx
3R x  16 R
13.(C) Work done for rotation is minimum when, moment of inertia is minimum and MI is minimum when axis passes
through the centre of mass. Let it be at a distance x from 0.3 kg.

 x
 0.3 0    0.7   1.4   0.98
0.3  0.7
GM G  81M 
14.(A)  2
  x  6R 15.(B)
x  60 R  x 2

16.(A) If another hemisphere(identical) is added so that it becomes a complete sphere then total intensity at both point P
and Q becomes same = I P  IQ where I p and I Q are intensities at P and Q respectively due to only given
hemisphere
G  2m  Gm Gm
 I P  IQ = intensity due to complete sphere =   IQ   IP
 2R 2
2R 2
2R 2
2
1 GM m GM m  40002  6.4  10  6
17.(B)
2
m u2 
R

Rh

2

 10 6.4  106   10
6.4  106  h
64  106  6.4 64
 8  64 
6
 6.4  106  7  7h  8  6.4  106  h 105 m  914.3 km
6.4  10  h 7

APP | Rotation and Gravitation 41 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes

18.(A)
GM
19.(A) V 
r
2
m v  r  mv1r1 (r1  min distance) . . . . (i)
3
1 2 GMm 1 GMm
Also m  v 2   MV12  . . . . (ii)
2 3 r 2 r1
r
Solving r1 
2
2GM
20.(B) For earth, Ve 
R
v
For Sun + Earth,
 GM 3  105 GM 
Potential energy =    m
 R 2.5  104 R 

GMm 13GMm 1 2 13GMm
 1  12     mv 
R R 2 R
2GM
v . 13  13 ve  ve  40.4 km / s  42 km / s.
R
21.(BC) N  F sin 
GMmx R
 3
  const.
R 2x

F cos  GMx x2  R2 / 4
a  3 
m R x
GM
 3
x2  R2 / 4
R
GM 1 GM GMm 1 GMm
22.(AC) V0  , K0  m  , E  ; mVe2  0
r 2 r 2R 2 r
1 GMm GMm 2GM
mVe2   K   Ve   2V0 1.41 V0  speed increases nearly 41%
2 r r r

23.(ABCD) Work done by kinetic friction on ONE body may be positive/negative/zero. Direction of frictional force
in B,C,D is correct for providing the necessary torque.
1 2
24.(BC) I = Ml
3
1 2 3g
I = Mg  =
2 l

25.(AC) NA + fB = 2mg ; NB = fA ; mgR + –fA R – fBR = 0 ; mg = fA + fB

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26.(BC) The angular momentum of the system is conserved. Kinetic energy will not be conserved because friction is there.
27.(ABC) Parallel Axis theorem, check the distance carefully. ID = IB (symmetric)
28.(BCD)Since normal is impulsive, friction will also be impulsive and it will reduce  and give some horizontal velocity to
C.M. v  r friction cannot act when there is no tendency of relative motion.
29.(AC) mgr = fR ... (i) f
g R
N1 sin  + f = mg ... (ii) N2
N1 cos  = N2 ... (iii) r

f  µN2 ... (iv)
N1
mg
30.(AD) Due to torque of friction about CM  eventually decreases to zero, initially there is no translation. Friction
is sufficient for pure rolling therefore after sometime pure rolling begins. There is no external force in ×
direction therefore momentum is conserved along × direction.
31.(AD) Linear impulse = mv0
Angular impulse = (2R/3) Linear impulse. This will give the angular speed of sphere just after collision.
Impulse of friction DURING collision is negligible. 32.(CD)
2 3 4
 T1   r1   1 
33.(ABC)          T1 : T2  1: 8
 T2   r2   4 
GM 1 1
V0   V1 : V2    2 :1
r R 4R
L  mvr  L1  m  2v  r , L2  mv  4r   L1 : L2  1: 2
4  4 
34.(CD) Field at P   G  PC1   G  PC2 ;  : density of massive sphere.
3 3


35.(AC) AB is a

AP is R
At point P, velocity is out of the plane
     
Angular momentum L0  L  mv  ( a  R )  mv
    
L0  (R  mv )  (a  mv )
   
Constant in direction Constant in
magnitude magnitude only

36.(AC) I 0  0

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 ml 2 
  mx 2    mgx …(i)
 12 
12 gx
 2
l  12 x 2
For  maximum
 12 gx 
d 2 
d  l  12 x 2   0 12 g 288 gx 2
0 ; 2 2
 0
dt dx 12 x  l (12 x 2  l 2 )2
12 g (12 x 2  l 2 ) l
 2 2 2
0 ; 12 x 2  l 2  0 ; x
(12 x  l ) 2 3
g 3
Now put x in (i) ; 
l
37.(AB) Velocity of connected mass will be v0 due to conservation of linear momentum

Drawn FBD with respect to P,

(i) TR  I  For 2m (ii) T = 2 ma

mv02 2mv02 v2
(ii) T  m(a  dR)  For m  and a  0
T
L 5l 5l
Also after certain value of F, torque on cylinder will be constant hence D is corerct.
38.(ABD) 0 R  vcom
L  mv  R  I 
L  mv R (k )  I  (k )
C com com 0

LD  mvcom R (k )  Icom 0 ( k )

LC  LD
L  mv R (k )  I  (k )
0 com com 0

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R 
LA   mvcom ( k )  I com (k )
2
LB  Icom (k )
So LA is minimum
L0  LC
39.(ABCD)
v2 J
R ; v
ac M
JL
6J L J 3J 4J 2 L 18 J 2
 22   vA  v     ; acA   2
MI ML 2 M M M 2 M L
12
v2 J 2 M 2L 8 L 2 J 4J 2 M 2L 2
 R A  A  16 2   L ; vB  v    RB    L
ac M 18 J 2 9 2 M M 2 18 J 2 9
A
40.(ABCD) Basic knowledge to write angular momentum and kinetic energy of the system.
2 2a 2 dy x
41.(BC) x  y ; 2x  a ; tan   3
3 3 dx a
g sin  g mg sin  mg
  60 ; a  ; f  
I cm 3 mR 2 2 3
1 1
mR 2 I cm
42.(AD) r  r0  ct …(i) ( distance covered by thread in time t)
By conservation of angular momentum about O,
I 00  I 
v  v
(mr02 )  0   mr 2  
r
 0 r
v0 r0
v0r0  vr  v …(ii)
r
T at any time  mv 2 velocity and radius, r at that instant
2
v r 
2 m 0 0 
mv r  mv 2 r 2
T and time T    03 0
r r r
2 2
mv0 r0
T …(ii)
(r0  ct )3
v v0 r0
 at time   2
r r
v0 r0
 [From (i) and (ii)]
(r0  ct ) 2
43.(ABCD)
2
vcom  (R )2  2vcom R cos 
In frame of R com each point has velocity and hence same KE.

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44.(BCD) a  R ( no slipping)
For block, ma = mg – T …(i)
For disc, TR  fR  I 
mR 2 a 1
Tf   
2 R R
ma
Tf  …(ii)
2
And f  ma …(iii)
2
Put (i) and (iii) in (ii) ; a g
5
2 
For block, acceleration   gj
5
2 
For disc, acceleration  gi
5
Acceleration of block in frame of disc
aBD  aB  aD
2 2
  g j  gi
5 5
From (i), T = mg – ma
2 mg 3mg
T  mg  ; T
5 5
45.(CD) Frictional force on disc = mg
a  g ,   gR
Let the velocity and angular velocity during radian be v and 
 v  u  at and   0  t  v  at and   0  t
v  gt …(i)
and   0  gRt …(ii)
Put (i) and (ii),
  0  vR
  vR  0
0 0 R
Now,   vR ( rolling)  2  0 ;   v  R 
2 2
v
Time taken t  [From (i)]
g
0 R
t
2g
1 1 2 R 2 20 R 2
Displacement till rolling begins  S  ut  at 2 ; S  0   mg  02 2 ; S
2 2 4 g 8g

 2 R 2  2 R 2
Work done by friction = f is ;  mg  0   0
 8g  8
 
 Velocity v and work done by friction do not depend on value of coefficient of friction

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46.(ACD) To the right of B, there is no friction therefore, no torque acts on the body
 The angular velocity remains constant (no angular acceleration)
Rotation KE will be constant to the right of B
To the right of B, F is still being applied; therefore the object will still undergo constant linear acceleration.
47.(ABCD)
(A) Is correct since v  R at P any horizontal acceleration at P will cause slipping a  R

(B) If R 2  acom
aQ will be downward

(C) aR can not be horizontal.

(D) Correct
48.(BC)

Conservation of linear momentum

MV  2MVCOM
V
VCM 
2
Conservation of angular momentum
MVl / 4  2MVCOM (0)  I COM 
 Ml 2 Ml 2  3V
MVl / 4  2    ; 
 12 8  5L
49.(ACD) For M
 M    h p C q G r
p q r
 M    M 1L2T 1   L1T 1   M 1 L3T 2 
   

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 M    M  p  r  L 2 p  q  3r T  p q  2r
 pr  1 …(i)
2 p  q  3r  0 …(ii)
 p  q  2r  0 …(iii)
On solving (i), (ii) & (iii) we get
1 1 1
p , r
2 2
and q 
2
  M  h

M  C
1
M  
G
Similarly For [ L ]
pr  0 …(iv)
2p + q + 3r = 1 …(v)
 p  q  2r  0 …(vi)
On solving (iv), (v) & (vi)
1 3 1 1
p ,q ,r   L  h ;  L  ;  L  G.
2 2 2 C 3/2
2mr 2r
50.(AD) m1  m, m2  2m  r1  
m  2m 3
Gm(2 m) mV12 2Gmr1
  V12 
r2 r1 r2
2r1 r2 4 2 r 2 r1 4 2 r 3
T1   T12  4 2 r12    ; T12  r 3 , T12  m1
V1 2Gmr1 2Gm 3 Gm
51.(D) 52.(B) 53.(B)
Let us first understand some general concepts of the problem.
Speed of the particle remains constant. Since the only force acting on the
particle is tension and this force is always perpendicular to the instantaneous
velocity of the particle. Hence tension does no work on the particle and by
work energy theorem; speed of the particle remains constant.
Let us denote the point at which the thread touches the cylinder by P. As we
can see, the speed as well as acceleration of this point is zero. Hence, at an
instant, in the reference frame of this point, the particle can be taken to be
performing circular motion.
(A) Torque on the particle is due to T and obviously NOT zero about B, C, or midpoint of BC. Hence answer to
‘a’ is none of these.
mv02
(B) T (r  length AP).
r
 r continuously decreases whereas m, v0 remain constant, T continuously increases. Torque on cylinder
due to T is TR. So, this torque also continuously increases. Hence, the external torque required to keep the
cylinder stationary (by balancing the torque TR) should also be increased continuously.

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v0
(C) At any instant, angular speed of segment AP is: ω  where r  Rθ  l  r  (l  Rθ)
r
dθ v
So,  0 … (i)
dt l  Rθ
l/R T
l l2
θ goes from zero to θ  .   (l  Rθ)dθ  v0  dt We can get T 
R 0 0
2 Rv0
Note:  PA is always perpendicular to PC, angular speed of PC and PA are same. That is why θ on
both sides of equation (i) are taken to be same.
54.(B) 55.(C)
Just after release.
 m 2
For block, mg  T  ma …(i) ; For rod, T   mg   …(ii)
2 3
Also a   …(iii)
T  5mg / 8 F ac T
3g 3g
 ,a 
8 8
 3g mg
For rod ac    (up)
2 16
5mg 3 mg 9 mg
So let force exerted by hinge = F (up) then F  T  mg  mac  F   mg   F
8 16 16
2
2G mv
56.(C) m
r r
Where   mass per unit length    A   R 2
2G   R 2 v 2
   v  R 2G
r r
3R
2G m 1 2d G
57.(B)
 dr  mv 2  v  2 R g ln 3 58.(D) T   d  RT
r 2 v 2
R

59. [A- qrs, B-prs, C-qrs, D-prs]

Conserve angular momentum about the hinge and use the equation for e to get angular speed of rod and speed of
particle just after collision. Thereafter, you may calculate the linear momentum of rod using P = M.Vcm.
60. [A-p, r] [B-p, q, r, s] [C-p, q, r, s] [D-p, r, s]
61.(5) Conservation of angular momentum
mV0 sin   5R  mVR . . . . . (i)
Conservation of energy
GMm 1 GMm 1
  m V02    mV 2 . . . . . (ii)
5R 2 R 2
1 8GM 
Solving   sin 1  1  2 
 5 5V0 R 

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62.(2) For a particle at a distance r from the center of Earth, force is given by,
Gm1m2
F 
r2
Force becomes one fourth, when r = 2R (R = radius of Earth)
2GM
Escape velocity, Ve 
R
Using conservation of energy for the given particle,
1 GmM GmM
mV 2  
2 R 2R
This gives,
GM
V 
R
Ve V 2 ; Hence, n = 2
63.(5) P is neutral point
GM G (16M )
2
  r  2a
r (10a  r ) 2
GMm G16Mm 1 GMm G16Mm
   mV 2   
8a 2a 2 2a 8a
3 5GM
 V   K 5
2 a
Mgr 1 Mr 2 2 3g Mr 2 3g
64.(2) =  ; = ; 5 gr m  r  
2 2 3 r 3 r
m = 2kg
65.(6) By linear momentum conservation impulse (J) = mV.
  mv mv 6v
By angular momentum conservation, angular impulse = J =ISo mv = I or = = = = 6rad/s
2 2 2I  m 2  
2
 12 
 
3
M 4 R M
66.(1) mass of Cavity M      
4 3 3 2 8
R
3
GMm GM m 23 GMm K
Fnet  F full  Fcavity  2
 2
  K  23, 1
(2 R ) (2.5 R ) 100 R 2 23

GMm 1 GMm 4GM

67.(4)   mV 2   V   n4
3R 2 R 3R
68.(5) Time in which C.M. reaches its highest point = 1 sec. (from v = u + at, putting v = 0, u = +10, a = 10 m/sec2) after
projection angular velocity will not change as the torque of external forces is zero.

In 1 sec., the rod will rotate by an angle = t = × 1 rad.
2
2 4
The rod will be vertical with point A at the lowest point.  aA = g – 2L/2 = 10 – = 5 m/sec2
4 2

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3mg
69.(8) For point O  mg  N
2
5mg 5
N ; f  mg
2 2
f
R  acom ; acom 
m
3
I   mg  2 R  fR
2
mR 2 3 5 6 g  5g
  mg  2 R  mgR ; 
2 2 2 R
f 5
R   6 g  5g ; 6 mg  5g  mg
m 2
12 4
  ; 10  8
15 5
R ( R  r )2
70.(7) ; VC  ( R  r )
r
Also, VC  r
Where  is the angular velocity of cylinder about C
( R  r )
 r  ( R  r )   
r
ax of point P = 0 (pure rolling) acceleration of P along Y w.r.t. C is 2 r vertical
upward.
However C itself has acceleration in Y  2 ( R  r ) vertically downward

(aP /c )Y  aC  aP
2 r  2 ( R  r )  aP
2
 ( R  r )  2 R ( R  r ) 2 7 R( R  r )2
  r   ( R  r )  aP  aP  ;
 r  r kr
71.(1) Before cutting, apply equations of translational and rotational equilibrium about point P.

N1  T  mg and T (2l )sin   mgl sin 

 N1  mg /2 …(i)
After cutting, the acceleration of centre of mass will be vertically downwards.
Z about POC  T
ml 2
 …(ii)
3
l
and acom  …(iii)
2
Now, along vertical
macom  mg  N 2 …(iv)
Solve equation (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

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72.(3) If the COM reaches P, the triangular frame will complete circle. By conservation of energy.
(Assuming initial P.E. = 0)
Initial K.E. = find P.E.

5 1
2mg  ( L cos30 cos37  L cos30)   2 mL22
4 2
10  10  3 4 3 2  4 
     2.5  ; 2  3   3   2
4  2 5 2   5 

4 3  5 3  2 ;   (9 3)1/2  3(3)1/ 4
x3

73.(8) For critical case

Initial KE = P.E. at max height
l 1
mg  I Hinge2
4 2
Angular momentum conservation about hinge
l
mv  I 
2
l  ml 2 ml 2 
m 2 gh     (v  2 gh  v 2  u 2  2 gh )
2  12 4 

6 l 1  ml 2 ml 2   36  2l 2
2 gh   ; 2mg      2 gh  ;  h   12  8 ; h=8
4l 4 2  12 4  16l 2  3 3
74.(3) Length = 2l
Apply pseudo force ma to left at centre of mass of rod by translational equilibrium,
N1  ma …(i)
By rotational equilibrium about point P,
 mal sin 30  mgl cos30  N1 (2l )sin 30
mal mgl 3
  N1l …(ii)
2 2
Put (i) in (ii),
ag 3  R3

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75.(4) Moment of inertia of each rod

2
ml 2 l
  m 
12 2
2mr 2
 ( l  2r )
3
For entire object,
 2mr 2  8mr 2
I  4  
 3  3
 
Now, 4ma  4mg sin   f …(i)
and fR  I 
Ia
 f 
R2
8ma
 f  …(ii)
3
20ma 12 g
Putting (ii) in (i),  4mg sin   a
3 20 2
8m 12 g 8mg
Putting in (2), f   
3 20 2 5 2
8mg mg 4
Now, f  N  f  mg cos  4   4  
5 2 2 10
76.(3) Angular momentum of the particle is conserved about the vertical centre line
mv0 r0  mvr cos 
where conservation of mechanical energy gives,
1 2 1 1
mv0  mgh  mv 2 ; r 2  r02  h 2 ; cos  
2 2 2 gh h2
1 2
1 2
v0 r0
d
77.(7) M(2d cos  – d) – m – 2m (d – d cos ) = 0
2
3md 7 md 7
2md cos  – – 2md + 2md cos  = 0 ; 4md cos  = ; cos  =
2 2 8
78.(2) 2  total energy = G.PE  TE   2MJ At  , total energy = 0  additional energy provided = 2MJ.

L m1v1r1  m2 v2 r2 m1v1 r1  11 
79.(6)  1  1  1  6
L2 m2 v2 r2 m2 v2 r2  2 .2 
M M 1  g
80.(3) d 3
 d 2
.  d  g 2   ve2 d  g 2
R R R  ve 
Ve2 2 6
2
  Ve2  9 Ve  3
11 3 121

APP | Rotation and Gravitation 53 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes
LIQUIDS
1.(C) Height of water which exerts same pressure as oil is : h w g  5 oil  g  h  5  0.8  4m
Total height = 10 + 4 = 14 m  v  2  10  14  280 m / s .
2.(B) Let mercury level drops in the left side by x mercury on right
x
side would rise by 2
n
Equating pressure at A & B
 x  x h
h  g   x  2   sg  
 n  n 2 2

n 1 s 
3.(D) The whole system must have a horizontally rightward acceleration
for heights of both side to be same
1gl   2la  3 gl

4.(A)  = density of material ;

0 = density of water when the sphere has just started sinking, the weight of the sphere = weight of water displaced

4 4 R 3
 r3  r 7 1/ 3

3
 
 R 3  r 3  g   R3  0 g 
3 R3 
0

R

2
5.(C) V3  2 gh ; using continuity equation at section '2' and section '3'
A A 1 hg
V2  V3  V2  V3 
2 4 2 2
Using Bernoullie's theorem at section '2' and at the opening end of pipe '3'
1 1 1 1  gh  3 gh
2 2
 2  2 

P0  V32  P2  V22  P0   V32  V22  P2  P0    2 gh   ; P2  P0 
2 4
 a  a3
6.(B) Initially, w  2kx  0 . . . . .(i) Finally, w  2k  x    . 2g  0 . . . . .(ii)
 2 2


w  w  w0  w0  a k  a 2 g 
4 3 
4   3 R w g  Mg 
7.(A) Mg  2T1 cos 45  Fb    R3  w g  T1   
3   2 
 
m  h m  h
8.(C) Loss in GPE =  gh1  h1   mg  h  h1    gh1  h1 
       

P L
2 1
9.(A)  dP . A    Adx   x  P  2 L2
2
0 0

 AL 2 M 2L
F  PA   L
2 2

APP | Liquids 54 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes
2 3
10.(A) PA  F  FB  r 1 g
3
2 3
( P0  1 gh)r 2  F  r 1 g
3
 2 
F  P0 r 2   h  r  r 21 g
 3 
11.(B) Applying Newton’s law in vertical direction
mg  FB
 dSH  g  w Sh  g
dH
 h


Now when force F is applied, for minimum work a  0 ( For a  0, F is minimum)

F  mg  Sxg  0
W
 F dx 
 (mg  Sxg ) dx  mg
 dx  Sg  x dx
2
Sgh2 Sgh 2 Sgh 2 Sg  dH  Sgd 2 H 2
W  mgh   (Sh) gh      
2 2 2 2    2
12.(A) Taking cylinder and the ball as system
1/3
4 3 4  3 A(h1w  h1 ) 
r 2  g  Ah 1 g  r 3  w  g  Ah1 w g  r 
3 3  4  ( 2    ) 
A  11cm 2 ; h1  4 cm; w  1gm / cm3
1  0.5 gm / cm3 ; 2  8 gm / cm3
1/3
 
 3 11(4 1  6  0.5)  1/3
3
r     cm
 4   22   (8  1)  8
   
  7  
4T
13.(B) Inside pressure must be greater than outside pressure in bubble. This excess pressure is provided by charge on
r
bubble.
4T 2 4T Q2  Q 
 ;  ; ...   
r 2 0 r 162 r 4  2 0  4r 2 
Q  8r 2rT 0
14.(C) r  R sin 
Required force  [2r ]T sin   2R sin 2 T
15.(D) Let the density of water be  , then the force by escaping liquid on container  S ( 2 gh )2
2Sgh  vg  2Sh 
 Acceleration of container a    g
v  u 
Sh Sh
Now    a g
v v

APP | Liquids 55 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes
16.(ABD) PD = PB (Pascal's Law)

Let  be the side of the square PB  PD  PC   g . . . . .(i)
2
 PA  PC
Similarly, PB  PD  PA   g . . . . .(ii)  PB  PD 
2 2
P1 V12
P V22 
17.(ACD)


2
 2 
 2
 P1  P2 
2

V22  V12 

But, P1  P2   gh 
2

V22  V12   V22  V12  2 gh

h a hg
18.(AC) tan     a
c g c
1
Maximum volume that can be retained = hcb
2
 hcb  hg
And F   M 
 2  c
19.(ABD) WF  WFB  Wmg  0
WF   WFB  Wmg
  WB   ugravitational


  WB   ugravitational 
20.(CD) T  B  m1 g T
B
N  B  m2 g B
N
 N   m1  m  g  T
m2g m1g
21.(BC) Since body is floating, Buoyant force is same in both liquids and is equal to the weight of the body.
l Pb
22.(AD) (A) T  2 (B) Fraction  same
geff PL

m
(C) T  2 (D) P  P0  hPgeff
k
23.(BD) In both cases VA  VB
PA v 2 PB v 2
   h ; PA  PB in both cases.
Pg y Pg y
24.(AB) Total displacement of mercury against atmospheric pressure
 l  5l
Process  l   l  
 2  2
  l l 
PEinitial    S   2  0 g {Assuming zero at ground level}
  2  4  
 l 
PEmax   S   2  Sl  l  g 25.(AB)
 2  

APP | Liquids 56 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes
26.(ABD) FBuoyant  (mA  mB ) g ; 2vd Fg  v (d A  d B ) g
d A  d B  2d F . Therefore A, B, D
27.(AB) By equation of continuity,
A1V1  A2V2

S  S12
S1  u  S2  u cos     cos 1  1   sin   1 
 S2  S 22

u 2 sin 2 u 2 2 sin  cos  2u 2 S1 S2

Now range R    1 1
g g g S2 S 22

u 2 sin 2  u 2  S12 
H max   1  
2g 2 g  S22 

Rate of flow volume is ( S1  u ) or ( S2  u cos )etc.

1 1
28.(AD) P1  gh1  V12  P2  gh2  V22
2 2
h1  h2  0 (Horizontal pipe)
and A1V1  A2V2
4(4)  V2
16  V2
1 1
2.80 105  (4)2  P2  (16) 2
2 2
5 1
2.80 10  (16  256)  P2
2
1
2.80 105  900(240)  P2
2
172 103 N/m 2  P2
F1  P1 A1  56  103 ; F2  P2 A2  8.6 103
 
   d Poil  d Poil  
F1  F2  Fpipe  ; Fpipe   ( F1  F2 )
dt dt

F  P1 A1iˆ

 d Poil  dm    
F2  P2 A2 (cos 37iˆ  sin 37 ˆj ) ;    V  (A1V1 ) (V2  V1 )
dt  dt 

V2  16[cos 37(iˆ)  sin 37( ˆj )]

V1  4iˆ
Solving this for Fpipe we get, | F |  76 103 N

H
H
A 2 t1 2  2 1
29.(BD) t  ( H  H ) ; 
A0 g t2 H 2
 0
2

APP | Liquids 57 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes

1 2 R 2  h 2 V 2
30.(AB) dA  2 dy  and dF    dy ; d   R 2  h2   x3 dy
cos  h t ht
R
R x h 2 R 2  h2
 tan    ; dy  dx    x3 dy, P  
h y R Rt
0
2 h
31.(C) Weight of cylinder W     2r   h g =   4r 2 .g
3 3
Force due to pressure (P1) created by liquid of height h1 above the wooden block is
2 2
= P1    2r    P0  h1 g    2 r   P0  h1 g   4r 2
Force acting in upward direction due to pressure P2 exerted from below the wooden
2 2 2
block and atm pressure is = P2  2r    r    P0  r 
 

=  P0   h1  h   g    3r 2   r 2 P0

 5
At the verge of rising  P0   h1  h   g    3r 2   r 2 P0    4r 2 h  g  P0  h1 g     4r 2  h1  h
3 3

4h
32.(B) Balancing forces h 2 
9

33.(A) When the height h2 of water level is further decreased then the upward force acting on the wooden block decreases.
The total force downward remains the same. This difference will be compensated by the normal reaction by the tank
wall on the wooden block. The block does not move up and remains at its original position.
34.(D)
35.(C) mg  Fb
2
a3  0.4 g  a 2 hg ; h a  0.4a
5
m  a3  0.4 ; Fnet  a 2 xg

a3  0.4 2a
T  2 ; T  2
2 5g
a g
36.(B) Displacement must be less than submergence depth of cube.
37.(A) v1w g  (v  v ) i g  v (m ) g
v2w g  (v  v ) i g  v (m ) g
 v   1000 
  1 i   m   1  0.9  4.9
v1 (v  v ) i  v m  v  20 49
    
v2 (v  v ) i  vm  v   1000  46
  1 i   m   1  0.9  1.9
 v   20 
38.(C) Mass of cavity is more in cube A than in cube B.

APP | Liquids 58 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes
39.(D) So long as cubes are floating, respective water levels do not change.
Let at t  t0 , cube A sinks.
vw g  (v  v )i g  vm g
v is volume of cube which is changing linearly with time at t  t0 .
vw g  N A  (v  v )i g  vm g
After sinking water level decreases due to melting of ice,
1 dv dh
 A 1 ; A -cross-section area of vessel
10 dt dt
Let at t  t0 , cube B sinks ; v w g  (v   v )i g  vm g
1 dv dh dv dv  dh1 dh2
A 2    
10 dt dt dt dt dt dt
Final heights are same in both reach.
40.(B) p  p0  pgeff
2
 v2 
geff  g 2     3g
 R
 

v2 100 4 1004 25 500

g2   8g 2 ;  8g 2 ; R  100   250 2
R2 R2 8 100 2 2
41.(D) P  P0  P  h g eff  (0.30) (103 ) (3  10)  9 103 Pa
42.(D) Only in case D, geff  g
43.(A) P  2 ; Q  1 ; R  1 ; S  3

Fx  W  Fy

W  Fy  Fx which is less than  2h  g  A 2

h g
44.(C) (P) F  Pc  A  A
2
 P V  t   u
(Q) FB  V  g   hA   g (R) FR     u2 A
t t
1 2
(S) P1   u  P2  0
2
1
 
P2  P1   u 2
2
1

F  P2  P1 A   2
 u2 A

APP | Liquids 59 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes
45. (A-r); (B-p); (C-q); (D-s)
F ( R ) (2Rl )R
 ; F ;   FR ; Power  
A h h
46.(5) The force on small element of the slit dF    dA  v 2

 2 
dF    bdx   2 g  h  x   F  2  bg   h  x  dx  2bg  h 
 2



0
On putting values we get F  5 N
47.(2)
FB   y A   w g
w
mg  1 A  g
2

y  1 1 1
Balancing torque yA  w g  sin   1 A  w  g   cos   cos 2    2
2 2 2 2 cos 2 
4 4 V01 R 2 4n 2 / 3
48.(8)  R3  n   r 3  R  n1 / 3 r or R  2n1 / 3 mm    4  n8
3 3 V0 r 2 4
49.(6) v = speed of efflux
Bernoulli’s equation between A & B,
1
0  0   gx   v 2  P0  0
2
2P
 v  2 gx  0

2 P0
At equilibrium height V  0  2 gx f 

P 105
 x f  0  4 m  10  n  4  n6
 g 10
 1  5
50.(1.50)  1   Vd w  1  Vdl
 3   9
2 9
Therefore, dl   d w  1.5  1000  1500 kg/m3
3 4
51.(2) Applying Bernoulli’s equation at cross-section 1 and 2.
Patm  gh  0  P2  0  0
 P2  Patm  gh …(i)
Again applying Bernoulli’s equation at section 2 and 3
h 1
P2  0  2 g   Patm  2V 2 …(ii)
2 2
 V  2 gh …(iii)
This is required velocity of efflux
Applying continuity equation between 3 and 4 cross-section,
aV  a1V1
Again applying Bernoulli’s equation between (iii) and (iv)

APP | Liquids 60 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes
1 h 1
Patm  (2)V 2  2g   Patm  (2)V12  0  V12  3gh
2 2 2
aV 6  2 gh
a1    2 cm 2
V1 3 gh
52.(300) Let the cube dips further by y cm and water level rises by 2 mm.

Then equating the volume (/// volume = \\\ volume in figure)

 Volume of water raised = volume of extra depth of wood
2 2
 100 y  (1500  100)  1400   280  y  2.8 cm
10 10
 Extra upthrust
 water  (2.8  0.2)  100 g  mg
 m  300 gm
53.(40) As block goes down by distance x, water comes up by distance y. As both are measured from initial level of water,
compression in the spring is x but the block is in depth ( x  y ) in water.
Applying conservation of volume
0.2  x  (1m 2  0.2 m2 )  y
x  4y
x
 y
4
x 5x
Thus total depth of block in water  x
4 4
Free body diagram in equilibrium :
 5x 
Fb  (0.2)   (1000) (10)
 4 
For equilibrium :
mg  kx  f B
 5x 
1800  2000 x  (0.2)   (1000) (10)
 4 
18
 18  20 x  25 x  x m = 40 cm
45
54.(0.45)Pressure of gas inside the balloon is same as the pressure of surrounding. Also gas inside the balloon obeys isothermal
process, then :
 103 10  40 
( P0  gh)V1  P0V2  V2   1    0.09  0.45 m3
 10 5 
 
55.(0.29)Force of buoyancy
APP | Liquids 61 Solution | Physics
 Vidyamandir Classes
FB  A[ x0  ( L  x )0 ] g
Weight W  LAs g
For equilibrium FB  W
 LAs g  A[ x0  ( L  x )0 ] g  Ls  x0  ( L  x ) w
x x w  s 1000  800 2
 s  ( 0   w )   w    
L L w  0 1000  300 7
56.(0.5)
57.(10.50) 76  L  42(76  57)  L  10.5

10.5 cm 1cm 2  10.5

4 4 4
58.(11.11) 1000  r 3 g  500  r 3 g  6rv  500  r 3 a
3 3 3
0.2 200
 6  1104 v ; v
3 18
59.(10) R  2 cm
4S 4  0.05
P    10 Pa
r 2 102
60.(3) Let v be the velocity of the movable plate and F is equal to viscous force
 v v  dF h
F  1  2 A  0  h1 
 h1 h  h1  dh1 3

APP | Liquids 62 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
1.(A) Tension at point x  mw2 r
m    x 
T      x   w2  
    2 
mw2 2
T
2

  x2 
2.(A) Let x be latent heat of fusion
w be water equivalent of apparatus
200  70  40   w  70  40   50  x  40  ......... i 
250  40  10   w  40  10   80  x  10  ..........  ii 
Solving  i  &  ii  x  90 cal / g  3.8  105 J
kg
2
15a
3.(B) dq  msdT  q  1 aT 3 dT 
 4
1
d dA
4.(B)  1%   2  1%  2%
 A
5.(C) d   dx T   d    3x  2   106  20 dx
 
Integrating   1.208 cm  length = 2.0120 m
 
6.(C) R1  & R2 
2
K1 r 3K 2 r 2
Both rods are in parallel
1 1 1 4 r 2 K eq  r 2 K1 3 r 2 K 2 K1  3K 2
      Keq 
Req R1 R2    4
Kx
7.(B) K  x  2K 

 dT 
H  K  x  A  
 dx 
 Kx   dT 
H   2K  A 
    dx 
Integrate and get temperature as a function of x
Alternative approach
dT
Initially K is higher  should be smaller in magnitude
dx
dT
Later K decrease increases
dx
8.(B)  R 2 l  n r 2 l............... i  and n  2 rl   2  2 Rl  .............ii  Solve for n  n4
10  Newtons low of cooling 
9.(B)   K  55  To  ............ i   
4  average method 
10
  K  35  To  ............ ii  Solving  i  &  ii  To  15C
8
APP | Properties of Matter 63 Solution | Physics
 Vidyamandir Classes
10.(B) Let T : tension at mid point, for the outer half of the rod
m 3 T 3m 2 
T  2 and  Y . strain  strain 
2 4 A 8 AY
2.4  108  3  10 4
11.(B)  1200  10  1200 a  a  10 m / s 2
3
d
12.(D) ms
dt
 
  A  T 4  T04  m1  3 m2  r1  31 / 3 r2

1
13.(A) Error   . 86400  4.32 sec
2
dT
14.(A) According to Newton’slaw of cooling  T
dt
tan 1 35  20 15 3
     tan 2 1  9 tan 2 2
tan 2 25  20 5 1

 sec 2 1  1  tan 2 1  sec 2 1  1  9 tan 2 2

Stress
15.(A) Y for same strain (stress) A  (stress) B
Strain
YA  YB
Breaking point of B  Breaking point of A
So, A is less ductile.

16.(ABC) In the case of a perfectly rigid body and incompressible liquid, volume strain is zero.

W 4.5
17.(BCD) W  ms or, m  50 g

s 0.09
The thermal capacity and the water equivalent of a body have the same numerical value. Also, Q  4.5  8  36 cal
Since, the temperature remains constant, during the process of melting, no heat is exchanged with the calorimeter and
hence, Q  15  80  1200 cal . Hence, the correct choices are (B), (C) and (D).
F F YS 2
18.(AC) (Stress)s = , (Stress)Cu = Given that 
2A A YCu 1
 strain s  stress s / Ys  F / 2 A  1  1
 
strain Cu  stress cu / Ycu  F / A 2 4
So, options (A), (B) and (C) are correct.

19.(BCD) Thermal force = YA d  Y  r 2 d

r1 = r, r2 = r 2 , r3  r 3 , r4= 2r  F1 : F2 : F3 : F3 = 1: 2 : 3 : 4
Thermal stress = Y  d 
As Y and  are same for all the rods, hence stress developed in each rod will be the same. As strain =  d  , so strain will
1 2
also be the same. E = Energy stored  Y  strain   A  L
2
 E1 : E2 : E3 : E4  1: 2 : 3 : 4 So, option (B) and (C) are correct.

APP | Properties of Matter 64 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes
20.(BC) We can see the slope of second step (liquid heating) is less than that of first step (solid heating) hence specific heat of
liquid is greater than that of solid. We can also see that the horizontal portion of first part is smaller than that of second
part which implies that solid melting is taking less time than liquid vaporization hence (C) is also correct.
A
21.(AD) H   T1  T2 

(A) Temp. diff. quadrupled, c / s area halved, H doubles (correct)
(B) Temp. diff. doubled, length quadrupled, H is halved (incorrect)
(C) c / s area halved, length doubled, H becomes 1/4th (incorrect)
(D) Temp. diff. doubled, Area doubled, length doubled, H is doubled (correct)
2
22.(AC) mA  4mB  S A   4  3 SB
(mass) (surface area)
H A SA dT S
 also 
H B SB dt m
23.(AD)  Hg   Fe  density of Hg decreases more on heating. Hence cube will be submerged more.
If fraction submerged is f
 Fe
 HgVfg   FeVg  f 
 Hg
Fe  Fe

Hg  Hg 1  Hg  25
Change of fraction   1
 Fe 1   Fe  25
 Hg
1  180  106  25 (180  35)  106  25
 6
 1   3.6  103  0.36 %  0.4% 24.(BD)
1  35  10  25 1
dQ d  eA 4
25.(AD)  eA(T 4  T04 )  same ;  (T  T04 )  different
dt dt ms
26.(ACD) Considering heat flow at junction A
Heat in = heat out
x 1  3  5
x 1
x is positive so heat flows in from E to A
 TE  TA
 TC  TA  TD
TB  TA  TE  TA  TB  TE

27.(ABCD) When a body is heated all dimension of the material as well as the enclosed lengths, areas and volumes also
increase.

28.(AC) As the two ends of the rod are at constant temperature that means the rod is in steady state of thermal conduction hence
throughout the length the temperature gradient will remain constant and in steady state of thermal conduction the rate of
heat flow (heat current) is given by the product of thermal conductivity, cross sectional area and the temperature
gradient.

APP | Properties of Matter 65 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes
29.(BC) When temperature increases of a bimetallic strip, the one which is having more value of coefficient of expansion will
expand more so that strip will bend toward the metal with low value of coefficient of expansion and it will bend toward
high value of coefficient of expansion if it cooled.

30.(AD) By wein’s displacement law we use

 mA TB TA  mB 800
 mT  constant      2
 mB TA TB  mA 400
By Stefan’s law, we use
4
E A AATA4 4rA2  TA 
    4
EB ABTB4 4rB2  TB 

31-32. 31.(B) 32.(A) 33.(C)

80  0 100  80
Power of Heater H  H 2  H1 =   6 cal / s H1 80 C  water  H2
10 10
100 C  water  0 C  ice 
dm  dm 
H2  L f  rate of melting  
H
dt  dt 
80  0 dm dm Heater
  80   0.1 gr / sec
10 dt dt
Since temperature of middle container is constant, H2 is constant, hence the rate of melting of ice will be constant
40  36 39  x  36  x 
34.(D)  k (36  30);  k  30 
10 10  2 
4 8 x 5x 5x 2  84 168
 ;  12  72  2 x;  72  12;  84; x    33.6
36  x  x  2 2 2 5 5
  30  18 
2 
d kA
35.(D)  (T  T0 ) Magnitude of slope will decrease with time.
dt ms
40  36 4 1
36.(C)   k (38  30  k 
10 10  8 20
When the block is at 38 °C and room temperature is at 30°C the rate of heat loss
d
ms   ms k (38  30)
dt
1
Total heat loss in 10 minute  dQ  ms k (38  30) 10  2   8 10  8 J
20
Now heat gained by the object in the said 10 minutes.
Q  ms   2  4  8 J
Total heat required = 8 + 8 = 16 J
37.(B) Material which is most ductile is easy to expand is used for making wire.
38.(C) Material which breaks just after proportional point. 39.(D) Material which retains permanent deformation.
40.(B) V  V0 (1   L T )  (10) (100) [1  5 105  20]  1000 (1  0.001)  1001 cm3  1001 cc
41.(B) Cross-sectional area of vessel at 40 °C
A  A0 (1  2  g T )  100 (1  2  10 5  20)  100.04 cm 2
Actual volume of liquid
Actual height of liquid 
Cross-sectional area of vessel

APP | Properties of Matter 66 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes
1
1001  1001   0.04 
  (1001) (100  0.04)1    1  
100.04  100   100 
(1001)  0.04  1 1000.6
 1   (1001  0.4)   10.006 cm
100  100  100 100
42.(B)  TV  SR (1   g T )  (TV ) (1   g T )

 SR  (TV ) (1   g T ) 1  (10.006) (1  105  20)  10.006  0.002  10.004 cm

43. [A-r; B-p; C-q; D-s]
F cos  F
  cos 2 
A / cos  A
F sin  F
  cos  sin 
A / cos  A
F
 sin 2
2A
 will be max if   0 ; T will be max if 2 90    45
44. [A – p r s ; B – p r s ; C – p ; D – p q r s]
45. [A-q; B-r ; C-s; D-p]
10  A 20  A
(a) (100  T )  (T  0) ; 100  T  4T  0 ; T  20
2 1
10  A(100) 20  A(100)
(b)  ; 3000 100 10 4  30 W
1 1
(0.2  0.1) dt 100  0
(c) Rth   40 SI units (d)   10 C/m
4 0.2  0.1 dx 10
F F  T
46.(1) (T) Tension at any point x  F2   1 2  x  d  dx
   AY
 F1  F2  
Integrating      1  10 9 m  x  1
2 AY
47.(2) Tension in ring =  A 2 r 2 [A = C/s are of ring]
2 2
 A r 
For breaking  ; 2     2 rad / s
A r2
48.(3) Let x kg of ice remaining
 2 15  500   2  x   80,000   2.5 251000 
x  1.4 kg  Water = 3 kg
A
49.(8)  Conduction rate 

2
radius 4r 2 r2 H max
H  H (max) = K ; H min  K  8
length  2 H min
50.(8) Let S power be lost to surrounding
16  S  10 m . . . .(i) and 32  S  10  3m  . . . .(ii)
Solving we get S = 8 watts.

APP | Properties of Matter 67 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes
mg
51.(3) dp 
A
 dp 3dr dr mg
K  K  dp   n3
dv / v r r 3 AK
1 1
52.(2) 5   T  15 86400 . . . .(i) ; 10    33  T  86400 . . . .(ii)
2 2
Where T is temperature at which clock shows correct time. Solving T  21C and   2  105 / C
T
53.(4)
t

 k Tavg  T0 
10 10
 k  70  30  . . . .(i) and  k  50  30  . . . .(ii)
2 t
Solving (i) and (ii) t = 4 min.
54.(3) For no heat flow in AB temperature of Junction B must be 20C
 Material and cross-section are same  Temperature gradient is also same
80  20 20  0  BD
  3
 BD  BC  BC
55.(4) Qab  200  80  200 1100  (200  1 45)
Qloss  ms (540)
45000 250
16000  20000  9000  (540) ms ;  ms ; ms   83.33
540 3
Steam left  87.33  83.33  4
56.(9) Heat used for evaporation = 900 kJ
900 103
Mass evaporated = 0.2 kg  Lv  J/kg
0.2
L 0.0650 0.0350
57.(7) Using   ; 1  ; 2  ; L01  1  T  L02  T  0.0580 and L01  L02  30
L0  T 30  100 30 100
Solving L01  23 cm and L02  7 cm
mg TL
58.(4) Change in tension  T  2T sin 37  mg ; T  ; l 
2sin 37 AY
mg L
But l  L   L  m   A  Y  2sin 37 / g
2 sin 37 AY
2  105 10 10 6  5 1011  2  3
  12
5 10
59.(3) From Newton’s law of cooling
        
ms  1 2    1 2  0 
 t   2 
 50  45   50  45 
In the first case ms    0  …(i)
 5   2 
 45  41.5   45  41.5 
In second case    0  …(ii)
 5   2 
From eq. (i) and (ii) 0  33.3C

60.(0.18)

APP | Properties of Matter 68 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes

GASEOUS STATE & THERMODYNAMICS

1.(B) Apply gas equation PV= nRT to identify decrease or increase in temp and volume for each process
2.(A) As the system is thermally insulated, Q  0
Further as here the gas is expanding against vacuum (surroundings), the process is called free expansion and for it,
W   PdV  0 [As for vacuum P = 0]
So in accordance with first law of thermodynamics, i.e. Q  U  W , we have
0  U  0, i.e. U  0 or U = constant
3.(A) ab and cd are adiabatic
PbVb  PcVc 

Pd Vd  PaVa  Pb P
bc and da are isothermal. Hence    a
PcVc  Pd Vd  Pc Pd

PaVa  PbVb 
4.(A) For adiabatic process (from A to B)
W  322 J
U  W  322 J
For another process (from A to B)
Q  U  W
100 J  322 J  W  W  222 J
RT dV 3 R RT dV dV 1 dT
5.(B) C  Cv  ; R  ;   0  VT 1/ 2  constant
V dT 2 V dT V 2 T
V
6.(C)   from PV  nRT  PV  V  P  nR T
V T
 nR  1
Since ‘P’ is constant  PV  nR T  
 
 P  T
7.(B) At constant pressure Q  nC p T ; also Q   U  w  nC p T  nCV T  w
  
n C p  CV T  w  nRT  25
6
RT  75 J & Q  25  75  100 J
U  n
2
RT dV R  5R   3R 
8.(B) Q  U  W  C  CV   C  CV  1  V  9.(D) U  2 T  4   T  11RT
V dT V  2   2 
10.(A) Sina WA  WB and U is same in both process  QA  QB
P P 7
11.(B) PV   constant  
 constant    32  5
 p
dU dU nR nR b 1
12.(B) U  a  bPV  a  nbRT   nbR But   nbR    
dT dT  1  1 b
13.(C) Along a to b, Δu  0 and along b to c, Δu   w   4 j  a to c, Δu  0   4   4 J (for any path)

 RT 3RT 2
14.(A)  . 0.68     1.3872 , f   5.16
M M  1

APP | Gaseous State & Thermodynamics 69 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes

P0V0 PV1 PV2

15.(C) 2   and V1  V2  2V0
T0 T1 T0
V1 = x1A, V2 = x2A  x1 = 44 cm and x2 = 40 cm
16.(ABC) For adiabatic process : T i Vi 1  T f V f 1
For isothermal process : Pi Vi  Pf V f

17.(ABCD)
QR
18.(ABD) In case of cyclic process :   1 
Qg
QR = Heat rejected ; Qq  Heat given
19.(ABD)from the graph we can conclude that
Wgiven process  Wisothermal process
For AB process
 k  2
P  kV  C  T    V  CV
 nR 
Which is the equation of parabola
 1
 Va  T2
20.(CD) For A, D T1Va 1  T2Vd 1    
 Vd  T1
1
 1
 Vb  T Vb  T2   1
For B, C T1Vb 1  T2Vc 1     2   
 Vc  T1 Vc  T1 
 Va
  Vb 
So     , i.e., choices C and D are correct. Hence choice A and B are wrong.

 Vd
  Vc 
 m  2  c 
21.(CD) P  mV  c  T    V   nR V  T3  T1  T2
 nR   
 1  3  expansion process accompanied by heating
3  2  expansion process accompanied by cooling
22.(ABD)Degree of freedom of He  3
Degree of freedom of H 2  5
3 2  5 2
Average degree of freedom  4
22
2 3
Now   1   ; For adiabatic process Q  0 and PV   cost or TV 1  cost
f 2
From first law U  w [ Q  0]
23.(AD) This process is free expansion so
Q  U  W  0 and PV
1 1  P2V2
Only initial and final points are defined, process in between is not defined.

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24.(AD) As, Wby  Q  0, So U  constanct so

5  5 
2  R  T0  3  3R  2T0   2  R  3  3R  T
2  2 
23T0
23RT0  14 RT  T
14
n1  n2 n n 19
By  1  2   mix 
1   mix 1  1 1   2 14

25.(ABC) Q  U  W
For process A to B, Q  W
For process B to C , Q  U
For process C to D, U  W
For process D to A, U  W
P2 P 2 RT  kM 
26.(BD) k  k  PT    …(i)
 PM  R 
P 2 P 2 P
  P 
  2
Hence from eq. (i) T   T 2
PT  constant hence P-T curve is a hyperbola.
27.(AC) PV  1 RT
V V 2 dT  3V 2
(  V 2 )V  RT ; T  ;  
R R dV R R
dT 
For maximum value of T ; 0  V 
dV 3
28.(AB) Work done in the process A to B  nCV T
3
nCV (TA  TB )  2     8.314 150  3741J
2
For the process B to C :
PB PC PC
  TC  TB  425 K
TB TC PB
PC
TC  TB  425 K ; Q  nCV T
PB
3
 2     8.314  (425  850)  10600 J
2
29.(ACD) (a) Process AB : PT  constant
B B
nRT 2 Constant

V
 constant ; W  PdV   T
dV
A A

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100
dV 2nRT Constant 2nRT
 
dT Constant
; W  T

Constant
dt
300
PA TB 1 TB 300
     TB   100
PB TA 3 TA 3
 W  2nR (100  300)  WAB  400 nR
P
(b) Process CA : Isochoric constant :
T
TA PA TA PA
 ; 
TC PC TC PB
TA 1
   TC  3TA
TC 3
3 3
TC  900 R  U  nCV T  (1) R  (TA  TC )  R  (300  900)
2 2
 | U |  (900 R)
(c) Process BC : Isobaric Q  nCP T
5 5 5
 Q  (1) R  (TC  TB ) ; Q  R  (900  100)  Q R  800  Q  2000 R
2 2 2
30.(AD) Point A and C are on the same line passing through origin
PA PC
  …(i)
V A VC
PAV A PV
Also TA  200 K  and also TC  1800 K  C C
nR nR
PAV A 1
  …(ii)
PCVC 9
VA 1
From eq. (i) and (ii) 
VC 3
3RT
31.(C) Vrms 
M
n 50
32.(D) P RT  6  8.314  20  1.4  1014 N/m 2
V 10  6.03 10 23
33.(B) Heat gain by left part = heat lost by right part
3 3 3T
 nR  T  T0   nR  2T0  T   T  0
2 2 2
p P0 3P
Let final pressure = p    P 0
T T0 2
3  3T  3 3 V 3
34.(C) Heat flow = nR  0  T0   nRT0  P0 0  P0V0
2  2  4 4 2 8
3P
35.(C) P (final in left) = 0  P (final in Right part). So when pin is removed, piston will not move. 36.(C)
2

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 11R 
37.(C) Q1  nC T  n   ( 2T0  T0 )
 2 
 7R 
Q2  nC p T  n   (T0  2T0 )
 2 
 V f  nRT0 ln 2
Q3  nRT ln   
 Vi  2
Total work done by the system

Positive energy supplied to the system
For cyclic process, total work done (W )  total energy ( Q
nRT0
[4( 2  1)  ln 2]
 2
1ln RT0
( 2  1)
2
4( 2  1) ln 2 4(0.40)  0.7 1.6  0.7 9
     100%  20.5% 38.(A)
11( 2  1) 11(0.40) 4.4 44
 kx 
p  (V  Ax)
p1V1  1 A  1  kV   pV T 
39.(D)  ; kx 2   p1 A  1  x   p1V1  1 2 2   0
T1 T2  A   T1 
2000 x 2  4600 x  480  0 ; x  0.1 m
1
Wgas  Watmosphere  Wspring  0 ; Wgas  Pe Ax  kx 2  0
2
1 1 f
Wgas  pe Ax  kx 2  310 J ; Q  U  pe Ax  kx 2 ; U  Nk T
2 2 2
f p1V1 5 105 Pa  0.024 m3
U   T   60 K = 1200.0 J
2 T1 2 300 K
40.(D) 41.(C)
42.(D) (1 to 3)
Since U  aV 
U  Cv T  (a ) V (1) V …(i)
 aV   U
Where V is the change in volume during the process or U     V  V
 V  V
U   V
This gives  …(ii)
U V
V  U  PV  U  U  PV 
Work done during the process is W  P  V ; i.e., W  P      U    U 
 U     
But PV  nRT  nCv (   1)T ;  (   1) [nCvT ]  (  1) U
  1 
Hence W   U 
  
   1
Therefore Q  U  W  U 1  …(iii)
  

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Let C be the molar specific het in the process.

  1    1 Cv (   1)  R  R
Q  C T  U 1    Cv T 1   C  Cv   
         1 
43. [A – q, r, s ; B – r ; C – r ; D – s ]
44. [A – q ; B – p s ; C – s ; D – q r]
Temperature at :
30  10 10 10 20 10 20  20
J  , K  , L , M 
nR nR nR nR
For JK : W  0 ; U  0  Q  0
For KL : W  10  10 ; U  0  Q  0
For LM : W  0 ; U  0  Q  0
For MJ : W  0 ; U  0  Q  0
45. [A – r ; B – p ; C – s ; D – q]
1
W  Area of triangle   2 P0  V0  P0V0
2
3  P0V 2 P0V0  3 3 5
For CA : W   P0V0  U  R      P0V0 & Q   P0V0  P0V0  P0V0
2  R R  2 2 2
1 3  2 P V 3P V  3 PV
For BC : W  3P0  P0  V0  2 P0V0  U  R  0  0 0    P0V0 & Q  0 0
2   2  R R  2 2
Maximum temperature will be for process BC.
2 P0  2 P0  2  5P0 
For BC : P   V  5P0 Using gas equation : T    V   V
V0  V0 R   R 
25
By using maxima/minima : Tmax  P0V0
8R

 RT  m A  RT  m A  RT   1 1 
46. (2) For gas in A, P1    and P2     P  P1  P2    mA   
 M  V1  M  V2  M   V1 V2 
RT m A
Putting V1  V and V2  2V We get P 
M 2V
 RT  mB
Similarly for Gas in B, 1.5 P    From eq. (I) and (II) we get 2mB = 3mA
 M  2V
47.(7) For cylinder A. For cylinder B
dQ = nCP dT dQ = nCV dT
nCP dT = nCV dT
C  30
 dT  P = 30  1.4 = 42 K
CV
48.(1) Volume of the gas is constant V = constant  PT
i.e. pressure will be doubled if temperature is doubled  P = 2P0
Now let F be the tension in the wire. Then equilibrium of any one piston gives
F = (P – P0)A = (2P0 – P0)A = P0A
49.(5) Let T be the temperature of the mixture.

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f f f
Then U =U1 + U2 or (n1  n2 ) RT  (n1 ) RT0  (n2 )( R)(2T0 )
2 2 2
5
or (2 + 4) T = 2T0 + 8T0 (n1 = 2, n2 = 4) or T  T0
3
50.(2) Process A to C
Q = 210 J
 10  4 
Work done WAC  area under AC  10  4      60 J
 2 
From Ist law of thermodynamics.
 U  Q  WAc  U C  U A  210  60  U C  U A  150  30  150  180J
51.(3) Path A to B
U B  60 J   U  Q  WAB
UB  U A  Q  0 ; 60  30  Q  Q  30 J

5 1 Mu 2 30  10 3 10 4 60 10
52.(6) nRT  n  Mu 2  T     6  x  6
2 2 5R 5 R R R
R
53.(100) Process is polytropic C  Cv 
m 1
R 3 R
 R  m2
2 2 m 1
PV 2  C
40  V02  P(2V0 ) 2
P  10 kPa
PV P0V0 10  2V0 40  V0
    T  100 K
T T0 T 200
dV V  t 
54.(2) Given,  0  V  V0 1  
dt 400  400 
From first law of thermodynamics
dQ dU dV
 P
dt dt dt
R 3 dT RT V
 R   0
4 2 dt  t  400
V0 1  
 400 
dT 2  T  1
  
dt 3  t  400  6
dT 2  40  1 dT 1 1 3 1
At t  0, T  40 K t thus        
dt 3  400  6 dt 6 15 30 10
55.(2) n1Cv1 dT  n2Cv2 dT  PdV  0
1 7R dV dT dV
2
 2 RdT  4 
4
dT  4 RT
V
0 ; 2  T
  V
0

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 T  1 T
2ln    ln    0 ; ln  ln 2
 300  4 300
T  600 K
1 7R 25
U   2R  (600  300)  4  (600  300)  8R  300  8   300  2  104 J
2 4 3
P2 V2
56.(75)   P2V1  PV
1 2
P1 V1
W  P2 (V2  V1 )  P1 (V2  V1 )
nRT2 nRT1
W = nRT2  nRT1  P2V1  PV
1 2 and P2  , P1 
V2 V1
25
 P2V1  P1 V2  nR T1T2  W  nR ( T1  T2 )2  1 (20  17) 2  75 J
3
57.(205) Wgas  Wspring  Watm  0
1
Wgas   25 103  (0.02)2  105  0.05  0.04  0 ; Wgas  205 J
2
58.(22) Initial pressure of the gas  P0  ( Patm  40) cm of Hg = 36 cm Hg
Final pressure of the gas  1.5 P0  54 cm ofHg (sicne process is isochoric)
Difference in height  (76  54)  22 cm of Hg
59.(0.25) Pressure of air ( P )  Hg g (76  x )

P Hg g
  constant
V A
Molar heat capacity (C)
R R
 
 1 n  1
R R
   3R
1.4  1 1  1
 25 
 Q  nC T  (103 )  3   (10)  0.25J
 3 
1
1
60.(3) VP k  constant  PV k  constant : n 
k
50% heat as work
dQ f
dQ  dW  dU ; dU  dW   nR T : dQ  2dU  fnRT  nC T
2 2
C  fR  3R
Now :
R R R R 1 1
C  ; 3R    n  k 3
 1 n 1 5 n 1 3 n
1
3

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SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

1.(B) When collision occurs then velocity of both the body get interchanged and hence
Tspring Tspend 1 m 1 l
T   2  
2 2 2 k 2 g
2
mv 2 m  a  ma2 g  a2 
2.(B) T = mg + = mg + = mg + . = mg  1  2 
L L L L  L 

L L T
3.(B) T = 2 = 2 sec  T = 2 = 8 sec  = =4
g g T
4.(D) For upper half of oscillations, the block oscillates only with the upper spring and for the lower half of oscillation both
springs are in parallel.
1 m 1 m m m
 Period  2  2  T 
2 k 2 2k k 2k
5.(A) x  2a sin  t     v  2a cos  t   
1
At t  0, x  a, v  a 3  sin   and 2 cos   3a    1 rad / s
2
  
 /6  x  2a sin  t   / 6  2a  sint cos  cot sin   a
 6 6
 2 sint  cos t 
 
6.(A) y  sin  r  3 cos  t  2 sin   t   At highest point if acceleration is greater than g, it breaks off
 3
g       2
 A 2  g    and it occurs when sin   t    1   t     t 
2  3  2 3 6 6 g

1 1 2 m 2
7.(B) Total energy  U  0   KA2  9  5  K 1  K  8 N / m Time period  2  2   sec
2 2 K 8
A
8.(C) Use x = A sin t find min. time when x = and x = A/2 after that compare them
2
9.(A) X = (A + x)
x  A cos t
X  A  A cos  t
l
10.(D) T  2
g
T1 g2 GM
 and g  2
; x is the height from earth surface.
T2 g1  R  x
11.(CD)In case of S.H.M net force is always opposite to displacement from mean position.

12.(ABCD) yˆ   aˆ as Y increases V decrease and U increase

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 Vidyamandir Classes
0
13.(AC) Net force on the ball will be zero at  = 0 or, h0 = 0 or, h0 =

0
i.e. the mean position is at a depth h0 =

Net force at a depth h0 + x will be u=0
F = (  0)Vg or, F = xVg
F is proportional to x h0
20
Thus motion of the ball is simple harmonic hmax = 2h0 =
 h0
v=0
E 3E 3
14.(ABD) K  U   x A
4 4 2
15.(BD) The motion of the particle is somewhat like. x=0 x=1 x=4 x=7
The minimum value of x can be 4  3 = 1 cm and maximum value of x can be
4 + 3 = 7 cm 3 cm 3 cm
i.e., the particle oscillates simple harmonically about point x = 4 cm with amplitude 3 cm.
x(m)
7
4
3
t(s)

The x-t graph will be as show

16.(ABC)Free body diagram of the truck from non-inertial frame of reference will be as follows:
kx
This is similar to a situation when a block is suspended from a vertical spring.
m
Therefore, the block will execute simple harmonically with time period T = 2 .
k
ma0
Amplitude will be given by A=x= (ma0 = kx)
k mg
2 Pseudo
1 2 1  ma0  m2 a02 force = ma0
kx
Energy of oscillation will be E= kA  k  =
2 2  k  2k

17.(AC) Let the displacement equation of particle is x = a sin t t=0

Time period of particle would be O P
2 B A
T = (tPA + tAP) + (tPB) + tBP) = 0.5 s + 1.5 s = 2s = a x ax

  = s1  x = a sin t . . . (1) and v = (a) cos t . . . (2)
1
Let tOP = t then tOAP = t +
2
 1  
Then 3 = a cos t = a cos   t   = a cos    t  = a sin t  t = /4
 2   2 

or a =
3
 3 2 m/s = vmax x = a sin t = a sin


a

AP a  x a  a
 
 2 2 1
;
cos   4  4 2 BP a  x a  a  2 2 1

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18.(BD) x1 = A cos t and x2 = A sin t
Equating x1 = x2 , we get : A cos t = A sin t
3  2   3 3T 3 A
or, tan t = 1 or, t = or,  t  or, t=  x2 = A sin 
4 T  4 8 4 2
19.(A) E changes equilibrium position only.
du d 2u
20.(BCD) F   10 x  20  0  x2 ;  10  0  x  2 is a point of minima
dx dx 2
10 2
 kE is max at x = 2m. F   10  x  2   2   T   /5
0.1 

21.(ABD) Description of motion is completely specified if we know the variation of x as a function of time. For simple
harmonic motion, the general equation of motion is x  A(t  ) . As  is given, to describe the motion completely,
we need the values of A and  .
From option (b) and (d), we can have the values of A and  directly.
For option (a), we can find A and  if we know initial velocity and initial position. Option (c) cannot given the values
A of and  so it not the correct condition.
22.(ABCD)Period of oscillation changes as it depends on mas and becomes three times. The amplitude of oscillation does not
change, because the new object is attached when the original object is at rest. Total energy does not change as at
extreme position the energy is in the form of potential energy stored in spring which is independent of mass, and hence
maximum; KE also does not change but as mass changes the maximum speed changes.

23.(BD) The maximum extension x produced in the spring in case (a) is given by
F
F  kx or x 
k
mass m
The time period of oscillation is: T  2  2
force constant k
In case (a) one end A of the spring is fixed to the wall. When a force F is applied to the free end B in the direction, the
spring is stretching a force on the wall which in turn exerts an equal and opposite reaction force on the spring, as a result
which every coil of the spring is elongated producing a total extension x.
In case (b), both ends of the spring are free equal forces are applied at ends. By application of forces both the cases are
same.
Thus. The maximum extension produced in the spring in cases (a) and (b) is the same. In case (b) the mid-point of
spring will not move, we can say the block connected with the springs whose lengths are half the original length of
spring. Now, the force constant of half the spring is twice of complete spring. In case (b) the force constant
= 2 k. Hence, the time period of oscillation will be
m T
T   2 ;  2
2k T
Hence, the correct choices are (b) and (d)

24.(ACD) The only external horizontal force acting on the system of the two blocks and the spring is F. Therefore,
acceleration of the centre of mass of the system is equal to F / m1  m 2 .

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Hence, centre of mass of the system moves with a constant acceleration. Initially there is not tension in the spring,
therefore at initial moment m2 has an acceleration F / m2 and it starts to move to the right. Due to its motion, the spring
elongates and a tension is developed. Therefore, acceleration of m2 decreases while that of m1 increases from zero,
initial value.
The blocks start to perform SHM about their centre of mass and the centre of mass moves with the acceleration
calculated above. Hence option (b) is correct.
Since the blocks start to perform SHM about centre of mass, therefore the length of the spring varies periodically.
Hence, option (a) is wrong.
Since magnitude of the force F remains constant, therefore amplitude of oscillations also remains constant. So option (c)
also wrong.
Acceleration of m2 is maximum at the instant when the spring is in its minimum possible length, which is equal to its
natural length. Hence, at initial moments, acceleration of m2 is maximum possible.
The spring is in its natural length, not only at initial moment but at time t  T , 2T , 3T , ..... also, where T is the period of
oscillation. Hence, option (d) is wrong.

25.(ACD) When the block is released suddenly, it starts to move down. During its downward motion the rubber cord
elongates. Hence, a tension is developed in it but the block continues to accelerate downwards till tension becomes
equal to weight mg of the block.
After this moment, the block continues to move down due to its velocity and rubber cord further elongates. Therefore,
tension becomes greater than weight; hence, the block now retards and comes to an instantaneous rest.
A lowest position of the block, strain energy in the cord equals loss of potential energy of the block. Suppose the block
comes to an instantaneous rest when elongation of the rubber cord is equal to y. Then
1 2 2mg
ky  mgy  y  and 0
2 k
Hence, block will be instantaneously at rest, at y = 0 and at y = 2mg/k.
In fact, the block oscillates between these two values.
Since the rubber cord is elastic, tension in it is directly proportional to elongation. Therefore, the block will perform
SHM.
It amplitude will be equal to half of the distance between these extreme positions of the block or amplitude is
1 2mg mg
  l
2 k k
k
Hence, option (b) is correct. The angular frequency of its SHM will be equal to ; 
m
Since k and m are not given in the question, it cannot be calculated. Hence option (d) is not correct.

26.(AB) When point of suspension of pendulum is moved upwards, geff  g  a, geff  g and as T  1 / g eff , hence T,
decreases, i.e., choice (a) is correct.
When point of suspension of pendulum is moved downwards and a  2 g , then T decreases, i.e., choice (b) is also
correct. In case of horizontal acceleration
geff  g 2  a 2 , i.e. geff  g
i.e., again, T decreases
27.(BC) The maximum potential energy of linear harmonic oscillator is equal to the total mechanical energy at extreme positions
of the oscillations hence option (C) is correct. The maximum kinetic energy of the oscillator is (1 / 2)kA2 100 J hence
option (B) is also correct.
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28.(BCD) Due to the Pseudo force on block (considered external) its mean position will shift to a distance mg/K above
natural length of spring as net force now is mg is upward direction so total distance of block from new mean position is
2mg/K which will be the amplitude of oscillations hence option (C) is correct. During oscillations spring will pass
through the natural length hence option (D) is correct. As block is oscillating under spring force and other constant
forces which do not affect the SHM frequency hence option (B) is correct.
a
29.(BC) Both will oscillate about equilibrium position with amplitude   tan 1   for any value of a.
g
If a  g , motion will be SHM, and then

l
Time period will be 2 2
a2  g 2
A
30.(BD) When x  
4
2
  A  KA 1  A  KA2
F1   Kx   K   and U1  K   
 4  4 2 4 32
2
 A A 15 1 1 m2 A215 m2 A2 15
 V1   A2      K1  mv12  
4
  4 2 2 16 32
When x = A/2
2
kA 1  A kA
F2   kx    2 F (Magnitude) and U2  k     4U
2 2 2 2
2
 A 3 4 1 4
 V2   A2     A  v1  KE2  mv22  K1  0.8 K1 k
2 2 5 2 5
31.(AC) Let O be the mean position and a be the acceleration at a displacement x from O.
At position I, N – mg = ma  N0
At position II, mg – N = ma
For N = 0 (loss of contact), g  a  2 x

Loss of contact will occur for amplitude xmax  g / 2 at the highest point of the motion.

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32.(AB) The time period of simple harmonic pendulum is independent of mass,
so it would be same as that T  2 1 / g . After collision, the combined
mass acquires a velocity of v0 / 2 as a result of this velocity, the mass
(2m) moves up and at an angel 0 (say) with vertical, it stops, this is
the extreme position of bob.
From work-energy theorem, K Wtotal
2
2m  v0  v02 
0    2mgl (1  cos 0 ) ; 1  cos   2 sin 2 0
2  2  8 gl 2
 v   v
sin 0  0 ; If 0 is small, sin 0  0  0  0
2 4 gl 2 2 2 gl
So, the equation of simple harmonic motion is     0 sin(t )
33.(AD) Statement (a) is correct. At any position O and P or between O and Q, there are two accelerations – a tangential
acceleration g sin  and a centripetal acceleration v 2 / l (because the pendulum moves along the arc of a circle or
radius l), where l is the length of the pendulum and v its speed at that position. When the bob is at the mean position O,
the angle   0 , therefore sin   0 ; hence, the tangential acceleration is zero. But at O, speed v is maximum and the

centripetal acceleration v 2 / l is directed radially towards the point of support. When the bob is at the end points P and
Q, the speed v is zero, hence the centripetal acceleration is zero at the end points, but the tangential acceleration is
maximum and is directed along the tangent to the curve at P and Q. The tension in the string is not constant throughout
the oscillation. At any position between O and end point P or Q, the tension in the string is given by T  mg cos 

At the end point P and Q, the value of  is the greatest, hence the tension is the least. At the mean position O,
  0 and  1 g which is the greatest ; hence tension is greatest at the mean position.

1 2 1 2 m
34.(BD) Initially, kA  mv0  A  v0
2 2 k
2
1 1 v 
Next, mv0 = 2mv  v = v0/2  kA2   2m   0 
2 2  2 
A 1 k f
 A =  f= 
2 2 2m 2

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35.(AC)The situation is similar as if a block of mass m is suspended from a vertical spring and a constant force mg acts
m
downwards. Therefore, in this case also block will execute SHM with time period T = 2
k
F
At compression x ; F = kx  x
k
This is also the amplitude of oscillation.
Hence A = F/k
At mean position speed of the block will be maximum. Applying work energy theorem
1 2 1 2 2Fx  kx 2 F F
F. x = kx  mv  v= ; x ; Vmax 
2 2 m k mk
K3 K 4
36.(B) K eq  K1  K 2   70 N / m
K3  K 4
37.(C) It starts the motion from x = 0 in +ve direction
38.(C) 39.(B)

K 800 kx0 kx
w   400  20 rad / s
m 2
When car is accelerated let elongation is x0 a extreme equilibrium
K x0  mg  ma
mg mg
 800 x0  20  20  x0  5 cm
When acceleration ceases let elongation of spring in equilibrium position k x = mg  800 x = 20
 x = 2.5 cm Hence amplitude = x0  x  2.5 cm
Initially the block is at right extreme position. Hence initial phase =  / 2 .
40.(A) At x = 0, magnitude of displacement from means position  2m  2 m / s 2   2  2     1 rad / s
2
 Time period   2 sec

v  2 2
2 dv
41.(B) a   2  x m / s  v
dx
  2  x   vdv    2  x dx
v 0 0
2 2
 v  2  
 v  0   2 2 1

2 2
 2  2  
2
m  v  2


2   v  02   4 J
42.(B) As A is at its negative extreme at t = 0
 3 
So x  3  2sin  2t  
 2 
 x  3  2cos (2t )

43.(D) As B is at its equilibrium position and moving towards negative extreme at t = 0

So y  4  2sin(2t  )  y  4  2sin(2 t )

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44.(B) Distance between A and B  x 2  y 2  (3  2 cos 2t )2  (4  2sin 2t ) 2

3 4 
 9  4 cos2 2t 12 cos 2t  16  4sin 2 2t  16sin 2t  29  20  cos 2t  sin 2 t 
 5 5 
 29  20 sin(2t  37)
Maximum distance  29  20  49  7cm ; Minimum distance  29  20  9  3cm

45. [A – q s ; B – p r; C – q s ; D – q s ]
When u is min equilibrium is stable and particle performs SHM. When u is max equilibrium is unstable.
46.(2) When block is displaced x from its mean position than extra elongation
in the spring will be 4x and hence
Frest  16kx
1 16k 1  4 22
f    2
2 m 2 7

47.(8) When the liquid in left vertical arm is displaced threw a distance x then
liquid in tilted arm also move a distance x along the tube.
Difference of height H  x  x cos 
Now use can calculate Pexce which will provide restoring force.

48.(8) When displacement of the ring is , then extension in spring = (2a + x0)
Energy of system,
1 1 d
E = k (2a   x0 )2  mga   I 2 where  =
2 2 dt
1 11 
E = k (2a   x0 )2  mga    ma 2  ma 2  2
2 22  
k
2
dE d d 3 d 
 = k (2a + x0). 2a  mga + ma 2  2
dt dt dt 2 dt
dE 3 d 2
As  0 , k (2a + x0) 2a – mga =  ma 2
dt 2 dt 2
3 d 2 8 k d 2 8k
4ak + 2akx0 – mga =  ma2 2    =
2 dt 3m dt 2 3m
 d
49.(2) The effective acceleration of a bob in water = g = g  1   where d & D are the density of water & the bob
 D 
D
respectively. = specific gravity of the bob.
d
 
Since the period of oscillation of the bob in air & water are given as T= 2 & T = 2
g g
g g (1  d / D) d 1
 T/T = = = 1 = 1
g g D s

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1 1
Putting T/T = 1/2, we obtain: 1/2 = 1 – 1/s    s=2
s 2
1 1 1 2E
50.(6) E= m2 A2  E= m(2f)2 A2  A=
2 2 2f m
1 2  (0.5  0.4)
Putting E = K + U we obtain, A =  A = 0.06 m.
2  25 /   0.2

51.(2) The loss of potential energy by the gravity = gain in potential energy in the spring
1 2 2mg m
mgx = kx  x 
2 k
mg y
At equilibrium f x  0 ; mg  kx0 = 0  x0 =
k
So, required ratio = 2 : 1
52.(4) The bob will execute SHM about a stationary axis passing through AB. If its
effective length is l  then :
l l
T  2 ; l   2l
g sin 
g 2l 2  0.2 2
g   g cos   ; T  2  2  s
2 g 10 5
53.(3) For small angular displacement of cylinder.
The energy of system angular displacement  is
 1 1 1
E  k (2R)2  k ( R)2  Mv 2  I 2
2 2 2 2
Where v is the velocity of centre of mass and  is the angular velocity
of cylinder. Since E is constant.
dE d d dv d
 0  4kR 2    kR 2   Mv  I 0
dt dt dt dt dt
5kR 2 MR 2 5kR 2
 5kR 2   MR 2   I   0     where I    
( MR 2 1) 2 3
MR 2
2
10k 3M
Compare it with a   2  ; Thus 2  or T  2
3M 10 K
54.(5) By phasor diagram

Angle traced = 53° + 37° = 90°

0 T
 Time taken   T   5s
360 4

55.(4) 600 A + 300 = 2ma

450A + 150 – f = ma
f  mg  150 A
56.(1) When block is displaced down by y, then level of liquid in beaker also rises.

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A  A
y   A   y
4  4
 yA
So, upthrust   y   3dg
 34
 A  4y  A
  dha    y    3d  g
4
   3 4
 4g  h h
a   y ; T  2 
 h  4g g
2f
57.(9) 
mR
f
aCM 
m
3f
aPOC   A(10)2 cos(10)t
m
For no slipping
100 A  3g  9  A  9cm
xu m
58.(8) l
2 2k
After collision at the left end, the motion of the dumbbell can be conceived as superposition of translation of mass
centre of the dumbbell and oscillations about the mass centre. For minimum value of l, the right ball of the dumbbell
must collide with the right most ball at the end of the first half period of the oscillations.
 m(k1  4k2 ) 
59 . T  2 
 k1k 2 
 (  2)r 
60.  2 
 g 

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WAVE MOTION

f2 T2
1.(B)   T1  507 N ; T 2  507  10000 V
f1 T1

240 507  10000 V

  V  0.0075 m3
260 507
2.(B) 3.(B) I  A2
4.(D) Compare with the standard equation of the wave. 5.(D) Apply equation for Doppler’s effect.

6.(B) Beats are produced due to the difference in apparent frequency of the two tuning forks.

320
7.(A) At 4 sec V  40 m / s  f  1000  889 Hz
320  40
 x
8.(C)   x, t   A sin   t    x  11   2  2 (optical path)
 c
f1 340  17 19 IA A2 f 2
9.(D)   10.(D)  A A
f 2 340  34 18 IB AB2 f B2
11.(C) Let y  A sin  kx  wt  0 

At t  0, y  0 at x  0  0  0 Also  kx1  wt    wt     k 
x1
dy V1  x V1t 
 A wcos  kx  wt   V1 at x  x1 and t  0 but kx1    w   eq is y  Asin   
dt Acos   x1 Acos  
 C  A   C  A  k
12.(C) f max  f 0   and f min  f 0  ,  
 C   C  m
 330  10  990  330  10 
 990    1020 Hz ;   = 960 Hz
 330  330 4
 c 350
13.(A) 2 2  32  3     1.211 m  f    289 Hz
2  1.211
14.(C) Amplitude as function of x taking open and (antinode) as reference point is
2 
2a cos kx  2a cos . x  2 a cos at x = 10 cm if   40cm  amplitude is zero
 2
15.(D) Along perpendicular bisector, path difference is zero, but phase difference between L1 and L2 is  , So, waves interfere
destructively.
d2 y 1 d2 y
16.(AC) Only these two satisfies, 
dx 2 v 2 dt 2
0.8 0.8 5
17.(BC) y    y = f (x + vt) (wave moving in ve x direction)  v  m/s
2 2 4
 4 x  5t   5 5 
16  x  t   5
 4 
Distance moved by wave = (speed of pulse)  (time)
Distance moved by pulse in 2 seconds = 5/4  2 = 2.5 m

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18.(ABCD) 2 x 2 x
19.(BC)  =3m
Ieq = I1 + I2 + 2 I1 I 2 cos  3 
For maximum & minimum 120 t = 2nt  n = 60 Hz.
cos = 1 I
v = ns = 180 m/s  v =  T = 648 N
 Imin = 0 and Imax = 4 I m
 2 
Amplitude at a distance x = 2a sin   x = 4.2 cm
  

dy 2
20.(AC) |V p |   2
 2  x  3t   3 speed of particle at t = 1 and x = 3
dt  x  3t  2  1
 

2 Coeff of t 3
= 2
 2 3  3  3  0 Speed of wave =   3 cm / s
02  1 coeff of x 1
 
 300  0 
21.(ABC) App. frequency of B as heard by A = 500    437.5 Hz
 350   50  
 300   25  
App. frequency of B as heard by O = 500    468.75 Hz
 350   50  
 350  25 
App. frequency of A as heard by O is 500    464.28 Hz
 350 
Diff = 468.75  464.28  4.47
 300  50 
App. frequency of A as heard by B = 500    428.57 Hz
 350 
2  2
22.(AC)   path diff (p)  p  and    p  1m
 2 
 4   
f    2 Hz , at x = 20 cm, t = 4 sec  y  0.15 sin  4  4     0.15 sin 23.(BCD)
2 2  5 3

24.(ABD) It is a known fact as well as experimentally and analytically verified that wave speed depends on the
properties of the medium and is same for the entire wave. The particle velocity is given by
y
vP    A cos(kx  t )
t
Where symbols have their usual meanings. It is clear form above expression that vP depends upon amplitude and
frequency of wave which are wave properties and are having different values for different particles at a particular
instant.
25.(ACD) y  f ( x  vt )
dy
Particle velocity ; vP    vf ( x  vt )
dt
To find velocity of wave
d dx
( x  vt )  0 ; v
dt dt

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T
26.(AD) v 

For equilibrium Mg  mg sin 30  T
M = m/2
Mg M (9.8)
100  3
 ; 100  M (1000)
9.8  10 9.8 10 3
M 10kg and m  20kg M
27.(CD) Since the first wave and the third wave moving in the same direction have the phase angles  and (  ) , they
superpose with opposite phase at every point of the vibrating medium and thus cancel out each other, in displacement,
velocity, and acceleration. They in effect, destroy each other out. Hence we are left with only the second wave which
progresses as a simple harmonic wave of amplitude A. the velocity of this wave is the same as if it were moving alone.
28.(ABD) If P divides AB in ratio 1:4, then the fundamental frequency corresponds to 5 loops, one loop in AP and 4 loops
in PB which corresponds to 5th harmonic of 1 kHz. Hence fundamental = 5 kHz.
If P be taken at midpoint, the third harmonic will have three loops in each half of the wire AB. Hence total number of
nodes (including A and B) will be 5 + 2 = 7.
If P divides AB in the ratio 1:2, the fundamental will have three loops, corresponding to the frequency of 3 kHz. For this
string to vibrate with the fundamental of 1 kHz, the tension must be (T/9).
The wire AB will be symmetry, vibrate with the same fundamental frequency when P divides AB in the ratio a:b or in
the ratio b:a.
29.(BC) At any point on line AB, the phase difference between two waves is zero and hence waves will interference
constructively.
Along CD, the phase difference changes and waves interference constructively and destructively and, hence sound will
be loud, faint and so on.


30.(CD) y A  sin[t  k ( AC )] ; yB  sin[t   k ( BC )
2
For maximum intensity at C
  
k ( BC  AC )   2n  k ; BC  AC   n    15, 35,55, 75.....
2  4
31.(AD) In both case (A) and (D) the source and observer are relatively at rest, thus neither of them is approaching or separating
from each other. Effectively, it is the medium that moves in each of these cases. The received (apparent) frequency
differs from the emitted frequency if and only if the time required for the wave to travel from the source to observer is
different for different wavefronts. With a uniform steady motion of the medium, past the observer and source, the
transit time from source to observer is the same for all wavefronts. Hence is follows that apparent frequency is equal to
the true emitted frequency. Thus there is no Doppler effect. In case (B) and (C), Doppler effect will be observed as the
source and observer have a relative speed and so they will approach or recede from each other.
32.(BC) As time increases, the source and detector are relatively approaching each other up to t  t0 , where t0 is the instant
when the source and detector are located perpendicular to direction of motion.
d cot 0 d cot 0
v0  t0  ; t0 
2 2v0
For t  t0 , f ap  f 0 ; For t  t0 , f ap  f 0

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33.(ACD) If intensity at points is I, then energy density at that point is E = I/v, where v is wave propagation velocity.
It means that E  I , Hence, the graph between E and I will be a straight line passing through the origin. Therefore (a)
is correct and (b) is wrong. Intensity is given by :
I  22 n2 a 2 pv
Hence,
E  2 2 n 2 a 2 

It means that E  n2
Hence, the graph between E and n will be parabola passing through origin, having increasing slope and symmetric about
E-axis. Hence, option (d) is correct.
Particle maximum velocity is
u 1
u0  a  2na  na  0 ; Hence, E  u02
2 2
It means that graphs between E and u0 will be a parabola, have increasing slope and will be symmetric about E-axis.
Hence. Option (C) is also correct.
34.(ACD) For observer O1 ,
V  Vs V V / 5 4V
4   
f f 5f
For O2 , there is change of medium. Hence, at the surface of water, keeping frequency unchanged.
V 4V 16V
   w  4 a 
a  w 5f
Velocity of wave relative V
4v 
f  
to observer
 5  21V 5 f  21 f
w w 5 16V 16
35.(BC) As the support is rigid, the wave is reflected in opposite phase hence at the support destructive interference takes place
and node will be obtained. Due to nodes and antinodes at different positions, intensity of wave varies periodically with
distance.
36.(C) 37.(A) 38.(A)
Mass per unit length of the string is
m  Ad  (0.80 mm 2 )  (12.5 g / cm3 )

 (0.80 10 6 m2 )  (12.5 103 Kg / m3 )  0.01 Kg / m

Speed of transverse waves produced in the string
T 64
v   80 m / s
M 0.01 Kg / m

The amplitude of the source is a = 1.0 cm and the frequency is n  20 Hz . The angular frequency is   2n  40s 1 .
Also at t = 0, the displacement is equal to its amplitude, i.e., at t = 0, y = a. The equation of motion of the source is
therefore.
y  (1.0cm) cos [(40 s 1 )t ] . . . .(i)

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The equation of the wave travelling on the string along the positive X-axis is obtained by replacing t by (t – x/v)] in
equation (i). It is, therefore,
y  (1.0 cm) cos[(40s 1 ) {t  ( x / v)}]

 (1.0 cm) cos[(40 s 1 )t  {(  / 2) m 1}x] . . . .(ii)

The displacement of the particle at x = 50 cm at time t = 0.05 s is obtained from equation (ii)
y  (1.0cm) cos[(40 s 1 ) (0.05 s )

{( / 2)m 1}(0.5 m)]

 (1.0 cm) cos[2  ( / 4)]
 1.0 cm / 2  0.71 cm
39. [A – q s ; B – p r ; C – p r; D – q s ]
Situation (i) direction  same ; frequency  different
Situation (ii) direction  opposite ; frequency  same

40. [A – q ; B – p ; C – r ; D – r]
f f
(A) f  1 2 (B) A  2 A
2
2

(C) Beat frequency  f 2  f1 (D) Ratio 

 A1  A 2 
2
 A1  A 2 
41.(1) The general equation of a wave travelling along the positive x-direction is y = f(x  ct) where c is the wave velocity.
1
At t = 0 , y  (given) and the equation of the wave reduces to y = f(x)
1 x2
1 1
Now , at t = 1s : y  =  f (x  1)
2 2
2  2x  x 1  (x  1)
Comparing the equation with y = f(x - ct) at t = 1s, we get c = 1 m/s.
7
42.(2) Let f1 and f2 be the frequencies of tuning forks P and Q, Then | f1  f2 | =
2
Apparent frequency for O corresponding to signal directly coming from
 v  O Q Q
Q = f2  
 v  vq 
 
 v   2vq v 
Apparent frequency of the echo = f2    f2 = f2  2 2 
 v  vq 
   v  v q 
Since, f2 = 5 (given),
 f2 = 163.5 Hz. Now, f1 = 163.5  3.5 = 167 or 160 Hz.
When P is filed, its frequency will increase, since it is given that filed P gives greater number of beats with Q. It implies
that f1 must be 167 Hz.

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43.(4) Required beat frequency = |f1  f2|

Where, f1 = apparent frequency for the motorist corresponding to the Vm Vb
signals directly coming to him from source, and f2 = apparent
frequency for the motorist corresponding to the signals coming to him
after reflection. Wall
 V  Vm 
Now, f1 = f  
 V  Vb 
Where f  is the frequency at which signals from sources are incident on wall.
 V   V   V  Vm   V  Vm 
f  = f   f2 = f    f  
 V  Vb   V  Vb   V   V  Vb 
2Vb V  Vm  f
Hence, the beat frequency = |f1  f2| = .
V 
 Vb2 
44.(2) The new position of the 8 kg block
T sin  = 6400 N; T cos  = 4800 N
Squaring and adding T = (64)2  (48)2 = 80 N

T 80
Now velocity of transverse wave = = = 2  10-2 m/s= 2 cm/s.
 4
20  10
45.(3) mid point will be having maximum displacement (Antinode) when string will vibrate in 3rd harmonic (in second
harmonic mid point will be position of node)
46.(4) yR = y1 + y2 = 3Acos(t  kx) + A cos(3t  3kx)  yR = 4 A sin3(t  kx)  AResultant = 4 A

47.(3) Ymax  Y1(max)  Y 2(max)

2 2
 C  V1   C  V2   V1   V2   2V1 2V2  2
48.(7) Δf  f 0    f0 
 C  V1 
  f 0 1    f 0 1 
 C  V2   C  C 
 f 0 1 
 C
1
C 

 V  C
2

99
V1 V2   2m / s
50
49.(2) Velocity of the wave,
T  (16  105 )
V      2000 cm / s
 0.4
20
Time taken to reach to the other end   0.01 s
200
Time taken to see the pulse again in the original position  0.01 2  0.02 s
50.(4)  19.2  10 3 kg / m
From the free body diagram
T  4 g  4a  0 ; T  4(a  g )  (2  10)  48 N T
Wave speed :
T 48
v   50 m / s ; So n = 4
 19.2 10 3

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51.(2) Given that

x  40cos (50 t  0.02 y )  particle velocity
dx
vp   (40  50) {  sin(50t  0.02 y)}
dt
1
Putting x  25 and t  s
200
  1  
v p   (2000  cm / s ) sin 50    0.02 (25)   10 2 m / s
  200  
0.8 0.8
52.(4) y 2 2

(3 x  24 xt  48t  4) 3[ x  8 xt  16t 2 ]  4
2

0.8
  x  4t  x  vt  v  4m / s
3( x  4t )2  4
2 v F
53.(2) amax  2 A  g ;  , v
 
g  2  2
Amin    2  103 m  2 mm
4 2 F 4F
54.(3) f  T for strings.
On increasing the tension by 1%
f   101T
1
f 1.01T 1  f 
  (1  0.01) 2 1  ; Beat frequency, f   f  f   1  1
f T 200  f 
Number of beats in 3s 1 30  30
55.(7) f0  fc  2
 1 1 
V    2 or V / L  8 In the second case,
 2 L 4 L
V V 7V 7
f 0  f c     (8)  7
L 8L 8 L 8
p02
56.(1) Intensity is given by I 
2v
Here v and  are same for both. And also given that I is same both. So pressure amplitude is also same for both.
1
57.(7) Intensity from a point source varies with distance as I 
r2
Let at distance r1 10m , intensity is I1
I1
Then given 20  10 log (i)
I0
Let for r  r2 , sound level be zero. Then intensity at that point should be I 2  I 0 .

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2 2
I1  r2  I1  r2 
And      (ii)
I 2  r1  I 0  r1 
From, Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
2
r  r  r2
20  10 log  2   20  20 log  2   10  10r1  7 m
 r1   r1  r1
58.(8) The observer will hear a sound of the source moving away from him and another sound after reflection from the wall.
The apparent frequencies of these sounds are
 v   v 
f1    f , f2   f
 v  u   v u 
 v v  2uvf 2uf
Number of beats f 2  f1 =   f  2 2
 8
 v  u v  u  v u v

59.(4) Here I1 1.0  10 8 W / m 2

r1  5.0 m, I 2  ?, r2  25m
 1 
We know that I   2 
r 
I1r12 1.0  108  25
I1r12  I 2 r22 ; I2    4.0  1010 W / m 2
r22 625
60.(5) We can see from figure, in a stationary wave two successive of equal amplitude, if separated by equal distances then

this distance must be . Thus we have
4

 15cm Or   60 cm
4

Thus there are four loops in 120 cm length of string.

This corresponds to 3rd overtone oscillations. As
shown in figure if we consider origin O is at a node
then the amplitude of a general medium particle, at a
distance x from O can be given as
R  A0 sin kx
Where A0 is the maximum displacement amplitude. First point from the origin where amplitude is 3.5 mm is at

distance  7.5 cm . Thus we have
8
 2  3.5
3.5  A0 sin   7.5  or A0   3.5 2 mm  5mm
 60  sin( / 4)

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ELECTROSTATICS A 4m B
kq kq q
1.(C) = + Vind. 3m
5 4
C
 1  S
Vind. = –9 × 103   = – 0.45 kV
 20 
2.(C) If another shell is kept upside down over it complete a sphere, net field should become zero.
 qE 
3.(B) Net downwards acceleration on body of mass m =  g   = anet
m  
If E = uniform electric field in downwards direction
2v 2v
If it hits after time t = =
anet  qE  E
 g  m 
at maximum height vf = 0 planet

v2f = v2i – 2anet h  In uniform field (Gravitation + Electric field time to reach highest point = t / 2 ]
 qE 
v2 = 2  g  h
 m 
V between ground and highest point : V = (E) h
2v  qE  2v q 2v
anet =   g     E    g 
t  m  t m  t 
m  2v  v
E=  - g  and h = (average velocity) × t  h = t
q t  2
m  2v  v  mv  gt 
So V =  - g  t  = v  
q t  2  q  2
K (Q  q )
4.(C) If q denotes the charge in the medium from R to r, then E  2
r
q can be calculated by integrating the charge dq in a thin shell of radius r, thickness dr. This gives q = 2r2 – R2)
2 2
K (Q  2 ( r  R ))
i.e, E 2
r
kQ R2
Electric field will be uniform if coefficient of r is made zero   2k  Q  2R 2
2 2
r r
  dV  dx dx
5.(D) E=  =     dV   
20 x 20  3a  x  dx 2 0 x 3a  x

=

2 0 ln x
2a
a
  ln  3a  x  
2a
a  = 2 ln 2  ln 2 = 2 ·2 ln 2 = V
0 0
A – VB

q0 ln 2
 work = (VA – VB) q0 =
 0
6.(B) For earthed conductor [the inner shell], V = 0
1  q q '
Here V =  where q is charge that would appear on inner shell as it is grounded q = –q/3
4 0  3r r 
Hence, the charge flown to earth = 0 – (–q/3) = q/3

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7.(B) 1 =2 +
+
1 + 2
Enet  E  E 11  0 (q,) +
P+ E
 1
+ r dq
8.(A) r  2 R cos  +
+
E11 d
dq
dV  k
r
  2  2 R cos   2 R sin  d   
dq     2 r  dr  dV  k
2 R cos  r
R/2

V  dV   4k R 0
 0
.  sin  d  =

9.(B) The system can be treated as a system of two dipoles having dipole moment p = qa each. If you think a little, you
will realize that the dipoles are perpendicular to each other. Obviously, the net dipole moment is qa 2 .
Qx Qx
10.(D) E  x   (for x < < R) +Q
3/ 2
40 R 3 F

4 0 R  x 2 2

O –q
Qq 4 0 mR3
F  x (Towards mean position)  T  2
4 0 R3 Qq

11.(B) Charge distribution is as shown :

Q1 Q1  Q2 Q1  Q2  Q3
 (Q 1  Q1 2 )Q2  Q3 1 =  2 =  3  2
=
2
=
2
Q1  Q2 4 R 4  2 R  4  3R 
Q1 Q1 On solving we get ; Q1 : Q 2 : Q 3  1: 3 : 5
3
2 1

12.(C)

K  2Q KQ 7 KQ
13.(A) Field at P due to outside changes = 2
 2
 towards O
 2 R  4 R 16 R 2

r 3r  
 , , 0 p cos  
14.(A)  2 2   using V  r,   
 4 0 r 2 

30 r r r 3r  p cos 30 p cos 60
60  net potential at  , , 0  is 
r 2 2  4 0 r 2
4 0 r 3
p  
0, 0, 0 p

3p

p cos 60

p  3 1 

2 4 0 r 2  4 0 r 2
8 0 r 2

APP | Electrostatics 96 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes

2
Kq1q2 f K  q1  q2 
15.(B) f  and  where q1 and q2 be initial charges.
4  r 2 3 4 0 r 2 4
q1 1
 4q1q2  3q12  3q22  6q1q2 ; Let  x  3x 2  10 x  3  0  x  3 or
q2 3
16.(AC) If forces due to both the fields cancel out then (A). If forces due to both fields are along the same line and the
particle is given the initial velocity along the same line, then also (A).
In any other case, the net force acting on the particle will be uniform. From basic 2-D motion, we know that if
acceleration is uniform but not parallel to initial velocity, the trajectory of the particle is a parabola.
17.(AD) Net charge on the surface of conductor is zero. Hence, potential at the center, due to charges on the surface of
conductor is zero (as the center is equidistant from all points on the surface). Hence (A).
At point B, total potential is same as that at center since volume of a conductor is an equipotential volume.
Subtracting the contribution of point charge q from the total potential will give the potential at B due to charges
induced at the surface of sphere.
18.(ABD)For (A), use the fact that potential at center of sphere, due to Q2 will be exactly cancelled by charge –Q2 induced
on the surface of the cavity. Hence (A).
Potential at any point at surface of cavity is equal to potential at the centre of sphere. Also, electric field inside
cavity is known. So, potential at any general point inside cavity can be found be performing the line integral of
electric field from the surface of cavity upto that point. This will solve (B).
Potential outside the sphere cannot be found easily as the charge on the outer surface will be non-uniform. Hence C
is incorrect as the given answer for uniform Q2 + Q3.
(D)can be calculated by making the net potential at the center of sphere zero and finding new charge on sphere.

19.(AB) x0  deformation in equilibrium state.

 q
2Kx0  ·q  x0 
0 2 K 0
2K
Springs are connected in parallel Keq = 2K Angular frequency =
m
20.(AD) We know that for constant r, electric field due to a dipole is maximum at axial point and minimum at equatorial
point. Magnitude of electric field continuously decreases from 2KP/r3 to KP/r3 as we move from an axial point to an
equatorial point, keeping r constant. In the present case, if E = 10N/C at any point, then it cannot be less than 5N/C
or more than 20N/C at any point.
21.(BCD)Even if the metallic sphere is neutral, it will still be attracted towards the positive charge due to induced charges.
22.(BCD) (A) is incorrect by conservation of charge.
(B) is correct. The net field inside the sphere is zero only because the electric field due to induced
charges cancels the external electric field at all points inside the sphere.
(C) is a basic property of conductors
(D) As stated in part (B), the electric field lines are eliminated within the spherical region.
kq kq 2 6kq
23.(BC) E = 2
 Enet = 3E cos  = 3 × 2  (B)
a a 3 a
3kq
V= (C)
a

APP | Electrostatics 97 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes

24.(AC) Potential due to a uniformly charged spherical shell is given by:

KQ KQ
V for r  R and V for r  R
r R
Q2c
25.(AB) xa + xb + (Q2 + x) c = 0  x = Q2+x
a bc
Q  Q2 y x –x x –x y
Q1 = y + x + y – Q2 – x  y = 1
2 –Q2–x
Q2 ca
Potential different between A & B is V = .
(a  b  c) S 0
Similarly, p.d between C & D depends upon Q2
26.(B) In part B, difference is due to the mass of electrons. Part (C) will not be true for a curved electric field line.
27.(ABD) Ex = 10V/m, E  Ex
28.(ABCD) (A) Net charge enclosed by Gaussian surface is zero.
(B) Net charge enclosed by Gaussian surface is zero.
(C) As the change is displaced towards sphere amount of negative charge induced on right half of sphere will
increase hence net flux through right hemispherical closed Gaussian surface increases.
(D) Same reason as (C) and hence charge distribution on outer surface of sphere will change.
+
+ +
29.(AD) Uniform charge on outer surface –– –
+ –– –
q
– q –– +
therefore potential is
4 0 R +
+
30.(ABC) VA = VB  work = 0 +
+
31.(ABC) q +
If moved slightly along x-direction, say towards left, the attractive force of left wire will be more than the attractive
force of the right wire. Hence equilibrium will be unstable in this direction.
If moved in y-direction, the force will remain zero.
If moved in z-direction, electron will be attracted back towards the wires.
32.(ABCD) Charge on a1 = (r1 )  and Charge on a2 = (r2 ) 
r1
Ratio of charges =
r2
K [ (r1  ) ] KQ  KQ 
E1, Field produced by a1 = = ; E2, Field produced by a2 =
r12 r1 r2
as r2 > r1
Therefore E1 > E2 i.e. Net field at A is towards a2.

V1 =
K .(r1)
= K  V1 
 
k r2  
 k    V1  V 2 
r1 r2
33.(B) At C and E, the electric fields will be subtracted and at D they will be added.

APP | Electrostatics 98 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes

34.(AD) 35.(ACD)

36.(BC) Position A is position of equilibrium and B is critical position so

tension and speed during motion is maximum at A and minimum at B.

VMIN  VB  geff   2 g

VMAX  VA  5geff   5 2 g 

TMAX  TMIN  6mgeff  6 2mg

37.(AD) By conserving energy of the first ball,

q2  1 1 1 1 
0     .....    K1  0
40 r12 r13 r14 r1N 
And for the second ball,
q2  1 1 1 
0    .....    K2  0 [It can be observed K1  K 2 ]
40 r r
 23 24 r2N 
q2 1
 K  K1  K 2  d   q  40 dK
4 0  
38.(ABCD)Flux through two circular surfaces is
 
q  4R  q q q 4 q
  2 1 ; curved   
2 0   5  0 5 0 5  0
  3 R 2   4 R  2 
0

39.(AB) Consider a small element AB,  is very small. Then

AB  R (2)
Q Q
Change on AB is dQ   2 R  
2 R 
dQ.q Qq
2T sin   2

4 0 R 4 0 R2
2

Qq Qq
2T  2
or T 
4 0 R 8 0 R 2
2

40 (ACD)At steady state electric force is balanced by centrifugal force.

At r radial distance

M 2 r 2   eEr
 dV m2 R 2
Now integrate E  and get potential at centre
dr 2e

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 Vidyamandir Classes

41.(A) Let us assume that the cavity is filled with equal and opp. charge density    and    .
 
   C1C2
Ep 
2 0

C1P  PC2 = 
2 0
i.e. parallel to line joining C1 and C2 C2

  a C1
42.(A) | E p |  | C1C2 | 
2 0 2 0
For Q. 43 – 47
Let us consider forces acting on bead P as shown in Figure. These forces are :
(i) Weight mg vertically downwards
(ii) Tension T in the string
(iii) Electric force between P and Q given by
1 qq
F  . 1 2
40  2
(iv) Normal reaction N1
The net force along the string is (T  F ) . Bead P will be in equilibrium, if the net force acting on it is zero.
Resolving forces mg and (T  F ) parallel and perpendicular to plane AB, we get, when the bead P is in
equilibrium,
mg cos 60  (T  F ) cos  . . . .(i)
and N1  mg cos30  (T  F ) sin  . . . . (ii)
For the bead at Q, we have
mg sin 60  (T  F )sin  . . . . (iii)
and N2  mg cos 60  (T  F ) cos  . . . . (iv)
43.(C) Dividing Eq. (iii) by Eq. (1), we get
tan   tan 60 or   60 which is choice (C)
44.(C) Using   60 in (iii), we have
1 qq
mg sin 60  (T  F ) sin 60 Or T  F  mg  . 1 2  mg . . . . .(v)
40  2
So the correct choice (C)
45.(C) From Eq . (ii) we have (since T  F  mg )
N1  mg cos30 mg sin 60  2 mg cos 30  3mg ; Which is choice (C)
46.(A) From Eq. (iv) we have
N2  mg cos 60  mg cos 60  mg ; Thus is the correct choice is (A)
47.(D) When the string is cut, T  0 . Putting . Putting T  0 is Eq. (v), we get
1 qq
mg   . 1 22
4 0 
The right hand side of this equation should be positive which is possible if q1 and q2 have opposite signs. Thus, for
equilibrium the beads must have unlike charges. The magnitude of the product of the charges is
| q1 q2 |  (4  0 ) mg  2 ,
which is choice (D)

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 Vidyamandir Classes

kQ kQ kq q
48. [A q,r ; B-p,s,t ; C- p,q,t ; D- p,s,t] v= &E= 2 &U= 1 2
r r r

for by symmetry is | | to the axis is  as to the axis.

49. [A  pq ; B - s ; C- s ; D – r]
For small '' separation of balls = land hence, T = mg
  1 q2
Tsin =T =  q 2   3 , q   , T  2    
2 2 40  l 2
In satellite
1 q2
T= (geff = 0)  T   2 ,   
4 0  2l  2
50. [A q ; B p ; C- s ; D- r]
Kq K  2 q  Kq Kq
V0 = + = (Q, R) V0 (due to inner surface charge) = – (P, R)
R/2 2R R R
51.(9) When outer surface is grounded charge '–Q' resides on the inner surface of sphere 'B'
Now sphere A is connected to earth potential on its surface becomes zero.
Let the charge on the surface A becomes q
kq kQ a
– =0  q= Q
a b b
Consider the figure. In this position energy stored
2
1 a  Q2 1 a 
E1 =  Q  + + Q (Q )
80a  b  80 b 40b  b 
when 'S3' is closed, total charge will appear on the outer surface of shell 'B'. In this position energy stored
2
1 a  2
E2 = 1 Q
80b  b 
Q 2 a(b  a )
Heat produced (Q) = E1 – E2 = = 1.8 So, 5Q  5  1.8  9
8 0b3
52.(2) Takes all three bodies as system electrostatic force
(1) Apply law of conservation of momentum in direction y (2) Apply law of conservation of energy,
  
So m A v A  m B v B  mC vC  0  vC  2 v A (as VA = VB)
VC
A B

C VA VB

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Change in electrostatic P.E. = Increase in KE

kQ 2 kQ 2 1 1 1
– = mAvA2 + mBvB2 + mCvC2 [vA = vB, VC = –2vA ; So VC = 2 m/s
 2 2 2 2
 arˆ    1 1
53.(4) E  dV   E  d r  V  a   
r2  r 2 r1 
 
a a a a 2a 280
V =  = – = =2× = 16 V
r2 r1 5 7 35 35
kq kQ qR R
54.(2)  0  Q=– +
x R x q +
dQ qR  dx  103 12 + .
= 2  = = 0.5 × 10–3 = 0.5 × 10–6 Q
dt x  dt  2 2
 x
55.(3) Net Electric field t P
  
E  E1  E2 due to vertical wire
 1  2
E1 = in + y direction , E2  due to vertical wire in x direction.
2 0 y 2 0 x
E  / 2 0 y 1  x  x 
 angle of electric field with x direction tan  = 1 = 1  = 1  1  3; 1 =3
E2  2 / 20 x 3 2 y 2 y 2
56.(9) In uniform electric in vertical direction if (+ve) charge feels extra acceleration in downward direction, then (–ve)
charge will feel acceleration in upward direction.
vuncharged = 5 5 m / sec ; v = 0, h = height
v2 – u2 = –2(g) h ; – (5 5) 2 = –2gh
uq+ = 13 m/sec ; v = 0, h = h
 F   FE 
v2 – u2 = 2  g  E  h ; 0 – (13)2 = – 2  g  h
 m   m 
Let uq– = u(say) ; v = 0 h = ht
 F   FE 
v2 – u2 = 2  g  E  h  –u2 = 2  g   h ; u = 9 m/sec
 m  m 
57.(6) At a distance r from the center, take a thin shell of thickness dr. A charge dq = dv
will be trapped inside this shell. Now apply Gauss’ law on this volume (dv) to obtain the required result.
Q
58.(1) If it was complete sphere, then total f flux 
0
 if position is changed, then f lux through the two hemisphere is also interchanged    1
L L L
59.(3)  Net  YE  dq   YE   dY   E Y dY
  
0 0 0
2
EL
 Net 
2
 Net 3EL2 3E 
  
I 2ML2 2M
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 Vidyamandir Classes

60.(8) The bowl exerts a normal force N on each bead, directed along the radial line or at 60.0° above the horizontal.
Consider the free-body diagram of the bead on the left with the electric force Fe applied :
mg
 Ey  N sin 60  mg  0  N
sin 60
ke q 2 mg mg
 Fx   Fe  N cos 60  0 
R 2
 N cos 60 
tan 60

3
1
ke   9.0 109 Nm2 / C 2
40
1/2
 mg 
Thus, q  R
 k 3 
 e 

61.(5) Assume '  ' and '  ' in the cavity then
3 K  4 3
V  . R 
2 R  3 
 3
4 R 
K  .    
 3 2 
V   
R
2
K R 2 5K R 2
VC  V  V  2K R 2  
3 3
5R 2
V 
12 0

qin dq 
A dx A 1 3
62.(0.75)  
0

0

0

0
dx 
0 
[area under the curve] =
4
63.(2) Flux will be maximum when maximum length of ring is inside the sphere.

This will occur when the chord AB is maximum. Now maximum

length of chord AB= diameter of sphere. In this case the arc of ring

inside the sphere subtends an angle of at the centre of ring.
3
R

R R 
 charge on this arc = .   3  Solving ans 2
3 0 3 0

   dV
64.(1)  E .dA 
0

k r n  4 r 2 dr
 4k r x 3 k
 n  3 0  
E  4r 2   ; E r n 1 ; n 1  2
0 0 x  3
n 1

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 Vidyamandir Classes

65.(2.5) In the remaining three quadrants, put three more quarter sheets to convert this given arrangement to that of infinite
sheet. Now contribution from all the four quarters to the z-component will be same. Hence due to a quarter E.F. at
 1   z  z ˆ
point (0, 0, z) will be, E    kˆ  k.
4  2 0  z 8 0 z
Hence potential difference between points (0, 0,1) and (0, 0, 2) will be,
2d
     z ˆ
v2 d  vd    E.dl ; dl  dzkˆ; E  k
8 0 z
d
2d 2d
 z ˆ ˆ  z 
v2 d  vd    8 0 z
k .dz k  
8 0  z
dz ; vd  v2d 
8 0
d
d d
Substitute the value of σ and d
66.(4.8) E net at M  2 E1  2 E cos 
 
 2K   2K  1
 2 2 .
 a  a 5
5
 2  2
8 K  8 K  48 K 
   substituting values Ans is 4.8
a 5a 5a
67.(9) The value of flux is maximum through surface AB GH, because charge in front of this surface is maximum, and
9q
flux is = .
240
68.(4) Work done by magnetic force is zero so from work energy theorem
1 1
m p vB2  m p v A2  q v
2 2
and simultaneously there is no change of velocity component along the direction of perpendicular to electric.
v A sin   vB sin 
After solving v  16 Volt
69.(20) For maximum angular velocity, rotation is equal to 90º.
WEF  KE
 Ql 
2 
1 2(q ) E  2R   QlE
(qE ) R  (mR 2 ) 2 ;   substituting values Ans is 20
2 mR mR mR 2
E
70.(4) The force experienced by an electric dipole placed in a non-uniform electric field is given by, F  p where
l
E 
is directional derivative of E along the dipole moment. Here, dipole is placed along x-axis, so
l
E E
corresponding to component of is along x-axis.
l u
 
 E    E  
E p ˆ ˆ ˆ
 6 xi  6 yi  0k  F | p |    p(6  4iˆ  6  0 ˆj )  F  24 piˆ
x  x  x component

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DC CIRCUIT AND CAPACITOR

V2
1.(B) P= B
V2 V2 V2
   .... R1 R2
P1 P2 P3
2.(B) Equivalent circuit. A G C
R1 R4 R4
 R3
R2 R3 D
+ –

3.(D) (1680 + r) I = 20  (2930 + r) I = 30  2 × 2930 + 2r = 3 × 1680 + 3r  r = 820, I  8mA

4.(D)
r
r
A 2r (r) r
Resistors whose resistances are written in brackets are parallel.
2r
(r) r r
r r
2r r r/2 r 2r r/2 r B
A 2r B A
 
C D C D
r
r r
2r r 4r
C C
2r 2r 2r 2r
 A r/2  A
B B 
r
r r r r
D

4r 4r
5.(A) E = j [j = current density]
I
j= [r = radius of cross section at distance 'x' from left end]
πr 2

r = [a+
b  a  x ] Hence, E =
Vl 2ρ
l πR ( al   b  a  x ) 2
R
6.(A) Resistance of each part =
2n
R R
For 'n' such parts connected in series, equivalent resistance, say R1 = n   = . Similarly, equivalent resistance,
 2n  2
1 R  R
say R2 for another set of n identical resistors in parallel would be   =
n  2 n  2n2
R 1 
For getting maximum of R1 & R2, they should be connected in series & hence, Req = R1 + R2 = 1  2 
2 n 

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 Vidyamandir Classes

I  0.1Ω   18 
7.(A) 5  103 A   I  50mA 8.(C) 3  .1  0  R  3 
 0.2  0.3  0.5  3 R 
9.(C) V A  VB  voltage drop across capacitor + voltage drop across resistor
Q 16
 11   iR  11   i.3 103  i  5mA
C 4
Power delivered by capacitor P  iV  (5mA)(4V )  20mW
2E
10.(D) Initial charging rate = initial current in the line of capacitor =
5R
2 2 q 2
3 EC
5
Steady state p.d. across capacitor : V0 = E  q0 = CV0 = EC  t = 0 = = RC
3 3 i 2E
5R 3
11.(A) Suppose that the inner sphere is at a higher potential than outer sphere. Let the current be i.
Consider a thin shell of thickness dr at a distance r from the centre. Let voltage across it be dV. Then, applying
V  iR
dr dr 1
For thin shell: dV  i  2
 Edr  i  2

σ4πr 4πr kE
i C i
 E  where C 
4πkr 2 r 4π k
dV
Using, E 
dr
C dV
  C (nr )ba  Va  Vb
r dr
V  Va  Vb  C ln(b / a )
i V 2 4 k
V n(b / a )  i
4 k [np(b / a)]2
12.(D)  P.d. across C is zero  charge = 0

13.(D) Let n1 : no. of capacitors be connected in parallel, n2 : no. of such parallel combination connected in series.
1000 n1  8  F 
n2   4 and  16  F  n1  8  Total no. of capacitors required = 32
250 n2

14.(B)

Charge on C = sum of charges at 4&5 = 2 CV  2  2 10  40 C

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 Vidyamandir Classes

      1 
15.(B)  inside dielectric, field     
0 0   
  1  
 Force between A & M =   A.
   2 0

 2  1 A
(Using Eq = F) 
2 0

16.(B) Current is obviously constant, by charge conservation. Using i = n0eAvd, we can say that if A is non-uniform,
vd will be non-uniform. Similarly, since vd depends on electric field, electric field will also be non uniform.
17.(AC) Current is obviously constant, by charge conservation. Using i = n0eAvd, we can say that if A is non-uniform,
vd will be inversely proportional to A. Similarly, since vd increases with electric field, electric field at A will be
more than B.
18.(A) Mark the voltages as shown in figure:
By KCL, sum of all currents emerging from point P is zero
x 8 x 6 x 0 x  4
i.e.     0 . Solving this, we can get x.
2 5 4 3

19.(ABC) Let the point where jockey touches wire be called S. Then the direction of current shown in figure
indicates that voltage across QS is less that E2. This can happen if:
1. E1 is too low
2. r is too high ( if r is too high, it will take up more voltage and less will be left for QS).
20.(BD) Let the currents be as shown in the figure:
KVL along ABCDA  – 10 i – 2 + (2 – i)1 = 0  i = 0 A 10 B
Potential difference across S = (2 – i)1 = 2 × 1 = 2 V. 2 i

21.(ABCD) 2-i

1 D C
2

After redrawing the circuit

(a) 4 = 5A
(b) From loop (1)
– 8(3) + E1 – 4(3) = 0 E1 = 36 volt
(c) From loop (2)
+ 4(5) + 5(2) – E2 + 8(3) = 0
E2 = 54 volt
(d) From loop (3)
– 2R – E1 + E2 = 0
E2  E1 54  36
R= = =9
2 2

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22.(AC) Equivalent diagram is as shown. If P is moved 2cm right, then R1 = 12 Ω , R3 = 3 Ω

R1 R P
= 2 (Hence wheat stone will be balanced.) R1 R3
R3 R4 G
R S
5 10
If S is moved left by cm, then R3 = and R2 R4
3 3 Q
20 R R
R4 = hence 1 = 2 (hence wheatstone’s bridge will be balanced.)
3 R3 R4
R R  R2 R R  R2 R  R1 R
23.(AB)  1   1  R1  R2  3R and  2  R  R1  2 R2
AC CB L/4 3L / 4 2 / 3 /3
4R 5R
R2  and R1 
3 3
10 5

24. (AC) 3 2 
eq
1 1

3 2
5/6
 1V
5/6
6 1
req   i  0.5 A
5 4 6

5 5
4 4
P.d. = 0.5   0.4 V ; 0.5   0.4 V
5 5
3i1  10 1.0  0.4  0  i1   ve
0.4  2i2  5  0  i2   ve

25. (AB) If P is opened effective resistance would increase  A is correct & C is wrong. As drop across R1 is reduced 
B is correct. Battery is ideal hence D is wrong.

26.(AB) The effective emf of secondary is 0V

 A & B are correct and D is wrong. There will be current in 1V battery  C is wrong.
27.(ABC) B2 and B3 are in series,  i2  i3 ;

Also, V2  V3 V1

 P1  P2  P3  P4  P2  P3 or i22 R2  i22 R3  R2  R3

V1 V2 V2 V2 V2 V2
 V2  V3   1  1  1 and P3  3  1
2 R1 R1 36 R3 4 R3

V12 V2
  R3  9Ω  R
36 4 R3
2
 I4  2
P1  P4  I12 R1  I 42 R4 or    36  I 4 R4  R4  RΩ
3
 

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Voltage output of battery = V1  V4

 V2 V2 
 P1  4  1  V1 12V & P2  4  4  V4  4V   V1  V4  16V
 36 4 
VA  VB 10 5
28.(ABCD) i1   A  1A R
6 3 6
5 8 1A
1 F  2 i2
i2  i1  1   1  A E A
G
3 3 i3 i1
10 4 3 3 6
VE  VD  V A  VB  10  i3  A 2 + i1 + i3 i1 + i3
3 2A
H B
5 10 C 4 D
i1  i3    5A in loop F E D C
3 3
 2  3i3  4 i1  i3   3 2  i1  i3   0   2  51V in loop F G H C
1  4  2  3 2  i1  i 3   0  1  29 V
VA  VG  2  1
R   22 
1 1
29.(ABCD)
(1) 4 x  10 y  6( I  x)  0
(2) 3( x  y )  7( I  X  y )  10 y  0
(3) 6( I  x)  7( I  x  y )  2 I  49  0
259 5
x A  4.98 A y  4.98   0.34 A
52 74
5(4.98  0.34)
I  7.73 A
3
I  x  y  2.41A
I  x  7.73  4.98  2.75
30.(ACD) At t = 0, capacitor is uncharged and there will be no voltage across it. Hence it can be short-circuited in
solving the circuit. After a long time, no current flows through the branch containing capacitor. i.e. rest of
the circuit elements will be in series.
31.(ACD)
At steady state : I(3) + I(2) = 15
I=3
KVL C D  E  a  b  C
q q
(V/C) – I(3) + –7+ =0
11 5
q q
 + = 7 + 3 × 3 = 16  q = 55 C
11 5
q q 55
KVL : a  b  Va – 7 + = Vb  Va – Vb = 7 – = 7 – = –4V
5 5 5
q 55 q
P.d. across C1  = = 5V ; P.d. across C2  = 11V
11 11 5
P.d. across terminal = 15 – I(2) = 15 – 3 × 2 = 9V
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32.(AB) We know that the capacitance of an empty capacitor increases k times if a dielectric is inserted in it. Therefore, in
this case, the capacitance of combination will increase upon insertion of a dielectric. Also, by Q = CV, charge
supplied by battery also proportionately increases for keeping V constant.

33.(ABC) At t = 0, capacitor will have no voltage across it. Hence A. Voltage across capacitor will gradually increase
with time. Hence B. C can be calculated by the usual charging equation for capacitor.

34.(ACD) Q = CE
Wbattery = Uf – Ui + H
1
E · CE = CE2 + H
2
1 1
H = H1 = CE2 – CE2 = CE2
2 2
When switch is closed all the energy stored in capacitor is
released as heat (H2)
1
Hence H1 = H2 = CE2
2
35.(ABC) 2i1 + 3(i1 + i2 – i3) + 4(i1 + i2) – 10 = 6
i2 + 2i3 = 3
3(i1 + i2 – i3) – 6i3 = 0

36.(AC) Charge flown through battery = C1V  6  20  120 C

120 C 120C
After closing S2 , common potential VC  120  q
9 F C1 + 0 C1 + + q
– C2 – –
120 C2
Final C2  C2VC  3  40 C
9
initial final
2
 120   80 2 2
40 
Heat produced =      J  0.53 m J
 2  6   2  6 2  6 
Q1 2Q2
37.(ABCD) Q1  Q2  Q and 
C C
2Q
Q1  2Q2 ; Q1 
3
Q 2Q
Q2  and potential at point A is
3 3C

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E
38.(ACD) i 
5R
Equation of charging of capacitor
q  CEe  t /
q  ECe  t /5 RC
at t = 5 RC ln2
EC
q
2
U cap  H 2 R  H 3R
Q 2 (Q / 2) 2
  H 2 R  H 3R
2C 2C
3Q 2
 H 2 R  H 3R
8C
( H  i 2 R and i is same in series,  H  R)
2 2
3 3Q 9Q
H 3R   
5 8C 40C
9
 CE 2
40
39.(ABCD) Uncharged capacitor behave like zero resistance
36 36
I   12 amp
Req 3
6
IC   12  8 amp
9
In steady state, capacitor behave like a large resistance
36
I  9 amp
4
40.(ABCD) Initially capacitor behave like zero resistance.

V02 3
Pinitially   P
 2 2 0
2 V0
 
3  P0 

Finally capacitor behaves like large resistance.

V02 P
Pfinal   0
 V02  2
2 
 P0 
 
41.(ABCD) Potential difference across two plates must be equal to .
So potential difference across any point on plate-1 and any point on plate-2 will be constant
So electric field will be same.
42.(ABCD) Whenever a charged capacitor is connected to other charged or uncharged capacitor we have to distribute
charged by applying Conservation of Charge and equality of potential.

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43.(ABD)As Q1  Q2 or C1 E1  C2 E2 Hence (A) is correct.

t t
dq 1 1
q  Q0 e RC  Slope  Q0e RC   Slope 
dt RC RC
 R1C1  R2 C2 (B) is correct

R1C1  R2 C2 but C1 and C2 are not known hence (C) is incorrect As Q1  Q2 Hence (D) is correct.
44.(ABCD) By energy conservation A is correct.
B is correct as Current is max at t = 0 . Just before steady state voltage across C is same as battery hence C is
correct.
 ABCD
45.(ABC) Initial charge (before filling the dielectric slab) = 10 × 10 = 100 C
Final charge (after filling the dielectric slab) = 10 × 30 = 300 C
 Increase in charge = 200C.
V V
46.(A) Reading of C = V {i in that branch = 0} ; Reading of A = Ratio = R
R V/R
47.(D) VB = iRammeter = 0  Vcap. = 0

48.(C)
V

L R

2V
V
at t = 0 inductor is open circuit i 
2R
 
V V/2

O
3V/2

O V 3V
2V p.d. = 2V – 
2 2
49.(A) 50.(A) 51.(C)
 E2  E1  iR1  0 E1 E2
–
E2   i  x  R2  E2  0 C
R1 + R2
E1  E2 x
ix ; i
R1
i i–x

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VA  E1  E2  VB  VA  VB  E1  E2  constant .
 1   2  1 R2   2 R1
After long time, VC  1  I R1 (current through capacitor = 0)  1    R1 =
 R1  R2  R1  R2
 1 R2   2 R1 
Hence QC  VC . C  C  
 R1  R2 
E1RAB 2
52.(A) Potential gradient in AB when both k1 and k 2 are open   volts / cm.
 R1  RAB   AB 125
2
 E2  Pot.gradient   AJ   31.25  0.5 volts
125

53.(A) Equivalent diagram when both k1 and k 2 are closed is as shown 2V

2 1 0.5  2V
 V AJ  VCD   i1
  5  r  7.5Ω 1Ω J 9Ω
10 5  r A
J
A B C D
 AJ E 1Ω 9Ω r
54.(A) E2  E 1 .   AJ  2 AB 12.5 cm 0.5V
 AB E1 C D i2
r
0.5V
5Ω
5Ω
55.(C) Before closing switches
c
Q2 60  60 R
Energy stored =   J  300  J b
2  A 0 / d  26 Q
S Q
a
q1 q2 d 2q1d
56.(A) At time t R q1 KVL :   iR  0 . . . .(i)
A 0 A 0
q2
i q2 q1  q2  Q . . . .(ii)
dq1
i . . . .(iii)
dt
Q  q1 2q1 dq1
  R 0
C C dt
 A 0  dq1 3q1  Q
  C  R 
 d  dt C
q1 t
dq1 1 R  3q1  Q  t 3q1
 R  3q1  q  C  dt  n      1 e 3t / RC
3  Q  C Q
0 0
Q
 q1 
3
1  e 3t / RC
  201  e  C
500t

57.(D) q2  60  20  40C at t  

58. [A-qs ; B-p ; C-p ; D - t]

From charge conservation, current through any cross section remains constant. Current density is current/Area of
cross section. Only in option A cross sectional area is constant. Hence Q fits only with A.

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Similarly, from i = n0eAVd, drift velocity depends on the ratio of current and cross sectional area. So, the above
argument applies in part (S) as well.
59. [A - p r s ; B – p r s ; C – r ; D - q r]
Q C V
(A) a C0V0 C0 V0
C0V0 C0
d V0
2 2
C0V0 C0
c V0
2 2
C0V0 KC0 V0 ( K  1)
b 2 K 1 2K
C0
(B) d 0 0
2
C0 C0
a V0 V0
2 2
C0 C0
c V0 V0
2 2
C0V0 KC0 V0 ( K  1)
b
2 K 1 2K
KAε 0
(C) b 0 0
d
a KC0V0 KC0 V0
c KC0V0 KC0 V0
KC0
d KC0V0 (K + 1)V0
K 1
(D) a C0V0 C0 V0
b KC0V0 KC0 V0
KC0V0 KC0
d V0
K 1 K 1
KC0V0 KC0
c V0
K 1 K 1
60. [ A  p q ; B  s ; C  r ; D q]
It is easy to see that the capacitor will initially drive the current in the same direction as battery (Anti-clockwise).
The capacitor will discharge after some time. Then it will get charged in the opposite direction, the direction of
current remaining anti-clockwise throughout.
Graph between charge and current can be drawn from the KVL equation around the circuit.
61. [A-p, q] [B-q, s] [C-q, s] [D-q]
62.(1) Assuming potential at B  0
30  5 30  25
I2  1 ; I1  1
25 5
63.(5) The equivalent resistance at 0°C is

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R10 R20
R0  … (i)
R10  R20
The equivalent resistance at tC is
RR
R 1 2 … (ii)
R1  R2
But R1  R10 (1  t ) … (iii)
R2  R20 (1  2t ) … (iv)
And R  R0 (1   eff t ) … (v)
5
Putting the value of (i), (iii), (iv), (v) in eqn. (ii), ; eff  
4
64.(2) Let x  be the number of electrons striking the surface per unit time.
I
F = PA = nmv = mv
q
PAq 9.1  1  10 4  1.6  10 19
I= ; I= = 2 Ampere
mv 9.1  10 31  8  10 7
65.(1) Current in circuit
1
I= A = 0.2 A which will pass through 10  and 20 in both the cases.
5
66.(2) Taking potential at A to be zero, potential at B = 3V and potential
at B' = 3V and potential at C = 6V
Let VD be potential of point D then sum
of charges reaching point D is zero
VB  VD VB '  VD (V  VD )
+ + C =0  RV  RV  RV  R 
RV2 RV1 RV3  1 1 3 

3  VD 3  VD 6  VD
 + + =0  12 – 3VD = 0 ; VD = 4 volts  reading of V3 = 2 volts.
R R R
67.(3)

4  12
Req  Rin   3 (Max power delivered when internal resistance = External resistance)
4  12
68.(3) (1) x(9  r )  y (14  r )
(2) xr  7.5

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(3) yr  5
By (1), (2), (3)
9 x  7.5  14 y  5  24z  zr
So, 9 x 14 y  2.5 ; 14 y  9x  2.5
9 
7.5   1
 7.5  r   7.5(9  r )
So, 24 z  zr  9    7.5 ; z
 r  24  r r (24  r )

5 24  7.5  (9  r) 7.5(9  r )

So, 14    5  
r
  r (24  r ) (24  r )
(9  r )(7.5)  24   14  (9  r)(7.5)
  1 ; 5   1   5(14  r )  7.5(9  r )
(24  r)  r   r  r
 70  5r  67.5  7.5 r  2.5  2.5 r  r  1
 x  7.5  y  5  24 z  z  14(5)  5 ; 25z  75  z  3
Voltage across V3  zr  3
69.(0) Since potential difference across AD and across CD is same, so A & C are on same potential. Therefore energy
stored in the capacitor at given instant is zero.
b
 
70.(1) dR  dr ; R   dr
2 Lr a
2 Lr
71.(3) Current through branch containing capacitor is
dq
 I  3e  t amp. At t  0, I  3A
dt
72.(2.5) C
5
C 2,5 C
4  1,3 4
3 C
2 5CV
 q1 
1 3
q1 V
45 C/2
2, 4, 5 1, 3
Again
 C
5CV
3 C  q2 
2
2 q2
1 V
2
 5 5  5CV 5 2
 Work done by battery  V  q2  q1   CV 2     =  30  10   J  2.5mJ
2 3 6 6

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 Vidyamandir Classes

4C
C
11C
73.(1.57) Ceq  3 C 
7C 7
3

74.(3)

1
 1 1 1 24
Ceq       3
 8 12 8  3 2  3
75.(1.33)The network is equivalent to
Therefore equivalent capacitance

 2C  C  4C
= [2C series C] // [C series 2C]= 2  
 2C  C  3
76.(3) When switch is closed capacitor behaves as conductor and finally behaves like a very large resistance hence
potential drop across resistors will be zero at steady sate. Equivalent capacitance will be 3C and X =3.

77.(2) Let a be the side length of square and  be the position where galvanometer gives zero deflection. To have zero
deflection bridge is to be balanced.
RAB RBX
 
RAD RDC  RCX
[ RDC and RCX is in series]
400
a tan 
100 a

200 500  400 (a  a tan  )
a
1 400 tan 
 
2 500  400(1  tan  )
Solving tan   3 / 4 ,
t be the time taken from start,   t[ is radian]
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 Vidyamandir Classes

 
 37  t  t = 74 sec = 2 × 37 sec.
180 360

78.(22.5) 5
R

3
R3
On solving reading of voltmeter is v  22.5 volt
79.(1.4) Use result of Req. for cross symmetry
2 1 1 R1  R
 
1 R1R2 R2 R3 R3 R1
 R2  2 R
Req 1 1 2
  R3  R
R1 R2 R3
2 2 1 1 5
2
 2 2 2 
1
 2R 2R R  R  2   5 . 2R  5 Req. 
7R
Req 7 7 2 R2 7 7R 5
2R 2R
80.(3) During charging for 1  Req C
Req R3  R
1  RC
During discharge  2  Req C
R1 R2 3R
Req   R3 
R1  R2 2
3
2  RC
2
1 2 2
   n 3
2 3 n

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 Vidyamandir Classes

MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT

  Bilt Blq B 2l 2 q 2
1.(C) mv  i l  B t  Bilt  v    0  v 2  2 gh   2 gh
M M M2
0 I 2  I I dx 0 I1I 2 2 a dx 0 I1I 2
B  x  , dF  BI1dx  0 1 2 F ln 2
2 a x
2.(B)  =
2 x 2 x 2
mv qBR qBr qr
3.(A) R , 2R  r  V  V   0 ni
qB M 2M 2M

4.(C) The plane of motion of the particle is the z-x plane. It is a case of uniform circular motion  a .v  0
qL q 2 1
5.(C) Magnetic moment M =  mR 2  M  qR 2
2m 2m 5 5
 0 I  i k 
6.(C) B   
4 a 2  2 2 

 0 I1 0 I2
7.(B) B 2
k  j
210 2 2 10 2
2m 2 1 mv 11
8.(D) T   2s ; R   1m
qB 11 qB 11
1 E y q 2 1 1 1 2 2
x = 0, y  t    m
2 M 2 1 2
z = 2 R = 2m
 2 
Co-ordinates will be  0,
 ,2  m
 2 
9.(A) Force on PS  F  I  
2 R B Force on PQR  F'  I  2 R  B  F'  2 F
mv mv
10.(A) R  . Hence particle will enter in the region where magnetic field is absent. The return path will be
qB 2 qB
C
identical to path ABC. So required time t  2  t AB  t BC 
O V
  m mv / 2 qB 
= 2    R
 qB cos  V  
M
mv / 2qB 1 B
Also sin   from triangle BMO
mV / qB 2 A
 m m  m
Hence, t  2       4
 4qB q B  2 q B mv mv
2 qB 2 qB
11.(B) Speed can change only due to work done by electrostatic force.
1 1 20 q z
Hence qEZ  mv 2  10q Z  mv 2  V 
2 2 m

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 Vidyamandir Classes
dF
0 I1 0i1i2
12.(D) B , let the current in PQ be i2  dF  Bi2 dx = dx
2 2 x x
i2

0 i1i2 0i1i2 
 net anticlockwise torque on PQ is  dF . x    2
dx 
2 i1 P dx
B Q
0
0i1i2    mg
For equilibrium  mg  i2 
2 2 0i1

mV
13.(C) R is decreasing as v is decreasing
qB
 it enters at P  charge is negative  bending shows the direction of force

I I  2   
14.(B) i1  ; i2 
2 2

0i1  2r     i 
B1  and B2  0 2 .
2r 2 2r 2 z
0 I  2   
B1 and B2 are in opposite direction, but have same magnitude   net field is zero.
8 2 r

15.(A) B1 
KI
, B2 
KI

KI / a

 
2  1 KI
a 4a 2 4 4 a
KI 2 KI
B3    B3  B1  B2
a/ 2 a

     
16.(BCD)   m B  U  m . B
17.(BD) Electric field along the axis is non zero due to P.D. along axis.
18.(BCD) Force on ab will be stronger than bc.
1 mV
19.(ACD) K .E  qV  mV 2  R
2 qB
20.(AD) Use symmetry and Ampere’s law
0 2 xdx d 1 q
21.(AD) d B  ; B  0 2 dx
R  2 x 2 2 R
  mV
22.(ABC) ArcAB  r
3 3qB
 I    T  m
Time ' t '      
 2  3  6 3qB

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 Vidyamandir Classes

mv
23.(ABC)The particle will move along an arc which is part of a circle of radius r 
Bq
From the figure we can see r = R
mv r / 2 r mV m
 R ; T   rR T 
Bq V 2v Bq 2 Bq
 0ir i
24.(CD) For cylinder B  2
;ra  0 ;ra
2 R 2 r
We can consider the given cylinder as a combination of two cylinders. One of radius ‘R’ carrying current I in one
direction and other of radius R/2 carrying current I/3 in both directions.
0  I / 3  I 0  4 I / 3   R  0 I
At point A: B   0 0 At point B: B   0
2  R / 2  3 R 
2 R 2
 2 3 R
25.(ABC) y is speed of light x and z also have same dimension
  
26.(ABC) F  Il  B .
27.(AD) Normal force of the rail on the wire = Bil
100 3
 max force of friction at t = 0 is Biintial l.   2  . 1 .  30 N
5 4
But weight = 2 g  20 N  force of static friction at t = 0 is 20 N
100
Normal force at time t is Bil = 2  . 1  normal force is decreasing
5  0.5t
 friction is also decreasing max. value of force static
200 3
 When max. frictional force reduce to weight of the rod, it stats moving    20
5  0.50t 4
 30  20  2t  t  5 sec
28.(BC) Consider the solid cylinder as super position of solenoids.
L
29.(ABC) R , if we double radius and cross-sectional radius, then resistance will be halved.
A
30.(ACD) Due to sheet
0 k 0 (2bJ )
B   0 JB.
2 2
The slab is symmetrical under translation in y so field is independent of y.

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 Vidyamandir Classes

Symmetric under rotation by 180° around Z axis, so y component of field is odd function of x. consider the ampere
loop shown in diagram
2 Bh   0 (2 xhJ )  B   0 Jx
31.(AD)   I 
 Ma 2 2 
a
I 0 a 2 B0    2  M    2 
 12 2 

 Ma 2 Ma 2 
I 0 a 2 B0    
 6 2 

2
I 0 a 2 B0  Ma 2 
3
3I 0 B0

2M
32.(ABCD)
   
(A) We have F  q  E  (V  B ) 

F  q  aiˆ  ( xiˆ  yiˆ)  biˆ  ciˆ  dkˆ 


F  q iˆ(a  yd )  ˆj ( xd )  kˆ( xc  yb) 
(B) for c  0; d  0; y  0
F  qaiˆ
So particle will move along straight line with increasing speed
(C) for c  0; d  0; y  0
F  q[(a  yd ) i  yb kˆ]

| F |  q (a  yb)2  ( yb)2
So particle will moves along helix of varying pitch
 
(D) Here a  0, v  B  0
And v is perpendicular to B so particle will move in circular both.
33.(AB)

2m 2
34.(AC) T  
Bq B0

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 Vidyamandir Classes

 T
At t   ; velocity of particle is v0iˆ  v0 kˆ
B0 2
Speed will always remains constant  v0 2
2 2V0
At t   T ; displacement is equal to pitch, x  V0T 
B0 B0
2 2 2V0 
At t   T ; distance = speed T 
B0 B0
Arc 6.28
35.(ABC)   ; R 3
Radius 2
R3
 I
B 0
4R
40
Solving B   107 T
9
36.(A) First particle will travel along parabolic path OA. Let
qE
time from O to A is t. a y 
m
2
3mv 3mv
x  (2v cos 60)t0  t0 
qE qE
qE 3mv
v y  u y  a yt0  2v sin 60 ,  0
m qE
Hence at point A, velocity will be purely along x-axis and it will be 2v cos 60  v.
37.(B) Now magnetic field is switched on along y-axis. Now
its path will be helical as shown below with
mv
increasing pitch towards negative y-axis. r 
qB
mv mv mv  qB 
x  x0  r sin   (2v cos 60)t0  sin t v 3  sin  t
qB qE qB  m 
mv   qB 
38.(C) z-coordinate : z  (r  r cos )  1  cos  t 
qB   m 
39.(C) In triangle PMC
MP
cos 53 
MC
3 R

5 4 R
12 = 8R
3
R  m (R is the maximum radius of half – circle)
2
mu
Rmax  max  umax  3 m / s
qB

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 Vidyamandir Classes

mu
40.(B) R  24 m
qB
Let, MPQ  
By geometry
CPO  (37  )
In CPO
OC OP

sin(CPO ) sin(PCO )
20 24

sin(37  ) sin(180  37)
5 5 6 1
   sin(37  ) 
sin(37  ) 3 2
7 qB 7
 rad .       2rad / sec.  t sec.
180 m 360
 
41.(D) Since there is no current passing through circular path, the integral  B  d  along the dotted circle is zero.

42.(B) Let segment OB = OC and arc BC is a circular arc with centre at origin. Since the shown closed path ABCA
encloses no current, the path integral of magnetic field over this path is zero.
B C A
     
Hence  B  d   B  d   B d 0
A B C

Because B is perpendicular to segment AC at all points,
A
 
therefore  B  d  0
C
B B
    0 I OB() 0 I 1
Hence  B  d   B  d   tan 1
2 2  2 2
A C
43.(C) Consider two points P and Q lying on dotted circle and equidistant from origin O. We draw a circular arc QP with
 
centre origin O. The path integral of magnetic field, that is, B . d  along the dotted circle between two points P

 
and Q is also is equal to path integral  B  d  along the arc QP whose cenre is at origin.

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 Vidyamandir Classes
 
Therefore the path integral of magnetic field  B  d  along the dotted circle between two points P and Q
0 I OP ()  0 I
  
2  OP 2

The value of  will be maximum when chord OQ and chord OP will be tangent to the dotted circle, that is,   .
3
0 I
Hence the required maximum value  .
6
   mV
44. [A – s ; B - p ; C – q ; D – r] Use F  q V  B   R
qB
45. A-p, q; B-p, s; C-p, r; D-p
1 1 B2
46.(9) Energy density of electric field, u  0 E 2 Energy density of magnetic field. uB 
2 2 0
0 I 10
47.(5) Bz    107   105 T
4 R 10  102
 I 2 R 2 0 I R2
48.(3) Bp  0 
4 R 2  x 2 3/2 2 R 2  x 2 3/2
   
2 3
0 I 0 I 0 I R 1/2
Bc     8R3    R 2  x 2  
2R 16R 16 R  R  x 2  3/2
2  
 
2R  R 2  x 2  4R 2  R2  x 2  R  3x k 3
 
 
0 I 0 I  l 
49.(4) B1  , B  4
2  
l2 l l2
4 x 2  4 x 2   2 x 2  
4 4  4 
50.(5) Fm  qvB, and directed radially outward.
mv 2
 N  mg sin   qvB  (N will be max at   90 )
R
2mgR
 N max   mg  qB 2 gR  3mg  qB 2 gR
R
51.(7) The magnetic field due to ring in x-y plane is
  I
B1  0 kˆ
2R
the magnetic field due to ring in y-z plane is
  I
B2  0 iˆ
2R
and the magnetic field due to ring in x-z plane is
  I    
B3  0 ˆj  B  B1  B2  B3
2R

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  i 30 I 3  0 I 
2R

B  0 kˆ  iˆ  ˆj   B
2R
=
4  R 
Hence, X = 3 and Y = 4
52.(2) To enter region 2; Radius in region I should be greater than `d 
mV qBd 1.6 10 19  0.001 5 102 8
R d ; V ; V ; V  107
qB m 9 1031 9
To come out of region 2; diameter 2R  d
2mV qBd 1.6  10 19  0.002  5  1012
d ; V ; V
qB 2m 2  9  1031
8
V   107 ms 1
9
8
Hence for both region V   107 ms 1
9
53.(3) The magnitude o f magnetic moment is
M  iA  10  (10  102 )2 Am2  10  102  0.1 Am2
The normal on the loop is in x  z plane. It makes 60° angle with x-axis.
  M 3 ˆ
 M  M cos 60iˆ  M sin 60 ˆj  M  iˆ  Mj
2 2
 0.1 
 M 
2

iˆ  3 ˆj  ;  
M  (0.05) iˆ  3 ˆj Am 2 ; X  3

54.(4) Balancing torque

2R R 2
mg  I B
 2
 2R R 2 4
 (R)  g  I B : I
10  2 B
I 4
2R 2mV
55.(1) Pitch will be P  V| |  T and T 
V  qBV
2 m

qB
2m
T
qB
V 2 R
p  2
2 V
p  2R
p
R
2

56.(5)
 B  d  0inet
APP | Magnetic Effect of Current 126 Solution | Physics
 Vidyamandir Classes

r
 r
B  2r 0  J 0  2r 2 dr

0
 a

I
57.(7) J
(b  a 2 )
2

 B  d   0 Ienclosed
0 I  r 2  a 2 
B  (2r ) 0 [ J (r 2  a 2 )] ; B   
2 r  b2  a 2 
5.5 (0.21)
 2 10 7  2
 ;  7T
1.1  10 (3)
58.(2) Magnetic field is non zero only in the region between the two solenoids, where B  0 n2i2
B2  n2i 2
 Energy stored per unit volume   0 22
2 0 2
The energy per unit length = energy per unit volume × area of cross section where B  0
0 n22 i22  n2 i 2
[(r22  r12 )]  0 1 1 [(r22  r12 )]
2 2
(Since n1i1  n2i2 )
  
59.(3) E is parallel to B and v is perpendicular to both. Therefore, path of the particle is a helix with increasing pitch.
Speed of particle at any time t is
v  vx2  v 2y  vz2 . . . (i)
2
 qE 
Here, v 2y  v z2  v02 and vx2   t  and v  2v0
 m 
Substituting the values in eq. (i), we get
3mv0
t
qE
60.(4) A and P will have same momentum in magnitude and they will move in opposite direction. They will move in the
circle of same radius and the same centre but in opposite directions. If they meet after time t then
 At  P t  2
2 2
 t 
 A  P 2eB  2eB
4m ( A  4) m
4( A  4)m 2eB 4m( A  4)
t ;  A   At  
eBA 4m eBA
2( A  4) 48
    n  48
A 25

APP | Magnetic Effect of Current 127 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes

EMI & AC CIRCUIT

di di
1.(B) BVl  L 0 ; At maximum current 0  V 0
dt dt
1 1 m
Conservation of energy  mV02  LI m2  I m  V0
2 2 L
  
2.(A) Answer follows from concept of motional emf and F  q V  B  
3.(C) Let ‘O’ be the instantaneous centre of rotation.
 x  V1
V2 x  l
  x  l   V2    V2 x  V1x  V1l
V1 x
V1l V V  V  V  V
x ;  1 2 1  2 1
V2  V1 V1l l
1 2
Emf = B   l  x   x 2 
2  

4.(D) Fb  BIL

Induced current: I 
 Br 2
/2 
R
2
 B r  B r3 2
 Fb  B   r 
 2R  2R
FB B 2 r 3
To maintain constant angular velocity: F(r) = FB  r / 2   F  
2 4R
E L 4E
5.(C) Flux through a closed circuit containing an inductor does not change instantly  L    i   i 
R 4 R
2
  2i  2  a 
6.(B) The magnetic flux in inner loop due to current in outer loop is   BA   0 a    i cos t
 4 b 
  0 2b  0
 
d   a 2 i0 
e    0  sin t
dt  2b 
d dq 
7.(D) R q
dt dt r
i  0 nAi
8.(A)   0 An  q 
2r R 2rR
b b
0 I
9.(A) Induced emf  Bvdx   2 x
vdx
a a

0 Iv  b  E2
Induced emf = ln    Power dissipated =
2 a R

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 Vidyamandir Classes

2
E2 1  0 IV  b  
Also, power = F. V  F  F ln   
VR VR  2  a 
L2 B 2V
10.(A) W = (L) F = L ×ILB = L   1J
R
di i0 t / 

11.(A) The growth of current is given by i  i0 1  e t /     e
dt 
1 2
Energy stored in the form of magnetic field energy is: U B  Li
2
dU B di
Rate of increase of magnetic field energy is: R   Li
dt dt
dR Li02
This will be maximum when 0  e t /  1 / 2 Substituting: Rmax 
dt 
12.(C) Resultant voltage = 200 volt
Since V1 and V3 are out of phase 180°, the resultant voltage is equal to V2  V2 = 200 volt
Erms 130 Erms
13.(C) i1rms    10 A ; i2 rms   13 A
X c2  R12 13 X L2  R22
Power dissipated = i12rms R1  i 2 2 rms R2  102  5  132  6 W = power delivered by battery = 500 + 169×6 W
14.(B) For constant speed I B cos 30  m g sin 30
B
 B  V cos 30  Z
 
 R   
  B cos 30  mg sin 30  ind  B  v cos 30 (Side view)  30
I B
V I 30
2mg R 30 mg
 B
2
3v 
15.(B) When K1 and K3 are closed charge on capacitor and current in inductor is given by
 1
      e

q  c 1  et / RC  2  2 1  e t / 0.5  2  4 1  et = 4 1   at t  1 sec

Rt  2t
   4    1
I
R  2 
 

1  e L   1  e 2   2 1  e t = 2 1   at t  1 sec .
e
   
Now when K1, K3 are opened and K2 is closed then it is an L – C ckt and Let q0 be maximum charge.
From conservation of energy for L-C ckt
2
 1
42 1   2
q02  q2 1  q02  e 1  1  1
  L I 2     2  22  1    q0  4 2 1  
2C  2C 2  22 22 2  C  e
16.(A) I = 10 A, V = 1000 volt, VR = IR = 1000 V it, Vc = 200 V
2
V 2  VL  VC   VR2
2
 10002  VL  200   1000 2  V2  200 V (Resonance condition)

APP | EMI and AC Circuit 129 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes

17.(C) ind  B V  2  1  2  4 volt. I2 I1

4  3I1  2  I1  I 2   0
4V
4  6 I 2  2  I1  I 2   0 6 3
2
2 1  2 1
Solving I1  A, I2  A ; F   I1  I 2   B      1  2  2 N I1 + I2
3 3  3 3
18.(C)  ind is maximum when velocity is maximum.
L
x dx

 max  B d x Vmax =  B d x  A sin K x 
0
L
 cos K x  2 L B A  2  
=  BA .     K ,  L
 K 0    2 
19.(C) Let it takes time Δt to switch off the magnetic field
B R 2 B R 2 BR
 Included emf =  Field produced   2 R 
Δt ΔT 2Δt
Δt
BRq BRq q 2 5g
 Force experienced 
2t
 velocity gain   adt  2m  5gR  
m B R
0
I R
20.(B) tan   2 
I1 X C
 1 1 
I 2  I12  I 22  V12  2  2 
 R X C 

V02  V12  V22  2V1V2 cos  90   

I2 I R
  I 2 X L2  2  IX L
1 1 1 1 R  X C2
2
2
 2  2
R XC 2
R XC
 R2 X 2 2 X L RX C R 
V02  I 2  2 C 2  X L2  
R X R 2  X C2 
 C

 R2 
 I2  2 2
X 2
C  
2 X L X C  X 2
C  
 R  X C 
X C2  2 X L X C  0  XC  2XL
1 1
 2 L  2 
C 2 LC
2
21.(ACD) VR2  VC  VL   130  VR  50V , VR2  VL2  100
VC
22.(CD) i  5sin  t  53  23.(ABCD) xL  xC 24.(ABC) XC  ; VL  IX L
I
25.(A) Dependence of current, whether it will increase or decrease with change in L or C depends on the frequency.

APP | EMI and AC Circuit 130 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes

26.(ABD) Rate of work done by external agent is:

dw BIL.dx
= =BILv and thermal power dissipated in the resistor = eI = (BvL) I
dt dt
a2
27.(BD) Equivalent circuit is E  B
2
a2
E  B
2
2
B a 4
I
2  5r
t t
E  R E  R
28.(AC) i  1  e L  29.(AD) i  1  e L 
R   R  
d
30.(ABCD)   AB cos  AB cos  t ,     AB sin t
dt
0 I
31.(AC) B  x  
2 x
2a
 I 0 Ia
d   Badx ,   20 xadx  ln 2  MI
a
2
 a ln 2
M 0 Apply len’z law for direction of induced current.
2
32.(AC) Not required
33.(ABD) i  t   4 1  etl1  , PB  Vi  32 1  e t   PR  i 2 R
34.(AC) Len’z law
8
35.(BCD)   BA  8wb , av 
 80V
0.1
dB
36.(BCD)For r  R , E 2 r   r 2
dt
dB
For r > R, E 2 r   R 2 .
dt

Also apply lenz’ law for direction of E
dq di q
37.(ABC) i   4t Va  1   4i  Vd
dt dt 2
1
38.(AC) Va  Vb  Vc  Vb   Bl 2
2
39.(A) The equivalent diagram is:
The induced emf across the centre and any on the circumference is:
 1 B r 2
e  B l 2 
2 2

APP | EMI and AC Circuit 131 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes

20 
40.(AC) I upper  ;  ahead of voltage
100 2 4
20 
I lower  ;  behind voltage
50 2 4
1
I  I12  I 22   0.3 A
10
20
V100    100  10 2
100 2
41.(AD) In right ring emf induced in ABC part and CDA part will be same. Simplified diagram may be

So there will be current in each ring and so magnetic force on them will be non-zero.
42.(ABC)(A) t 0
iL  0
V
V
2
(B) t 
2V V V
i i2   VA 
3R 3R 3
(C) After opening
v
iA 
3R
V 2V
VL  VA  VR  2 R  
3R 3
V
VA 
3
2
43.(AC) X C  XL
5
R
Z  R2  ( X L  X C )2 ,  0.8
Z
Now solving get answer.
1
44.(AC) r   50 , f r  25 Hz
LC
R R r 50 1
Band width    250  ; Q    ; 2  1  250  and 12  2r
L 1 band width 250 5
25

(2  1 )  (2  1 )2  42r ;  (250  )2  4(2500  2 ) ;  72500  2  10  725

APP | EMI and AC Circuit 132 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes

Ldi Mdi Ldi Mdi

45.(CD)   iR     0
df dt dt dt
  iR  0

i
R
Leff 2
Time constant   0 & Power delivered by battery is constant P 
R R
46.(CD) If source AC or DC, LC oscillations will take place. So charge on capacitor will not be constant at any time.

47.(ABCD) rR
d 
E.2r   0nCt  r 2 
dt  
rR
d 
E.2r   0 nCt  R 2 
dt  
The line charge will produce radially electric field which is perpendicular to induced electric field
48.(ABCD)
At t  0 capacitor behave like conductor & inductor behave like insulator. At steady state capacitor behave like
insulator & inductor behave like conductor
49.(C) As the loop enters the region it will experience a magnetic force in a direction opposite to gravity but still
gravitational force may be greater than or less than the magnetic force hence speed may increase or decrease. Once
it gets completely inside the magnetic field then speed will increase after that instant.
q di
50.(ABC) For given situation L 0
C dt
2
d q q d 2q 2 d2x k
   0    q  0 compare this equation with  x0
dt 2 LC dt 2 dt 2 m
1
q  x, i  v, L  m, C 
k
Solving equation
 q  q0 cos t & i   q0  sin t
According to given conditions
q 2 1 2 q0 cos 2 t 1 2  2
 Li   Lq0  sin t  cot 2 t  1
2C 2 2C 2
 3 5 7  3 5 7
t  , , , ........ t  , , , ......
4 4 4 4 4 LC 4 LC 4 LC 4 LC
R  R2 dB
51.(B) E 2   F  qE
2 4 dt
dB dB r dB
52.(C)  6t 2  24  E 2 r   r 2 . 
dt dt 2 dt
dB dB 
53.(B)  6t 2  24 ;  30 T / s Apply Lenz’s law for direction of E
dt dt t 1s

APP | EMI and AC Circuit 133 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes

54.(D) 55.(C) 56.(A)

12
When connected with the DC source R   3
4
V 12
When connected to ac source I   2.4   L  0.08 H
Z 3   2 L2
2

2 2
Vrms Vrms R
Using I rmsVrms cos   cos   2
 24W
Z 
2 1 
R  L 
  C 

57. [A- q, s; B-p, r, s; C -p, r, s; D-q, s ]

(A) Due to current carrying wire, the magnetic field in lop will be inwards w.r.t. the paper. As current is
increased, magnetic flux associated with loop increase. So a current will be induced so as to decrease
magnetic flux inside the loop.
(B) option in (B) will be opposite of that in (A)
(C) when the loop is moved away from wire, magnetic flux decreases in the loop. Hence the options for this
case shall be same as in (B)
(D) when the loop is moved towards the wire, magnetic flux increased in the loop.
58. [A - p; B - r; C - s; D - s ]
59. A - s; B - p; C - s; D - s
60. A - s; B - q; C - p; D - p

61.(6) Use maxima-minima

62.(3) When current is maximum, vL  0
XL
63.(2) tan 60   X L  100 3   X C ZR
R
V 20
64.(5) I= R   5A
R 4
tR t
V  
L
V  RC
65.(0) I  I L  I C ; I L  1  e  ; I C  e
R   R
66.(5)  ind  BV  1
di
67.(8)  10e 4t  4   40e 4t
dt
di
VL   L
dt
BlV
68.(3) F  ilB , i
R
69.(8) B 0  t C/K    B. area   C  kt   a 2
2
d E 1 d 1 d d 0  C a 2 C  a 2 2  2 
E
dt
 i
R

R dt 
 q  idt   R dt
. dt  R

R

R


= 8 coulombs

1 R 3
70.(5) cos   ,   45 , tan   1  L  R ;   rad/sec = 500 rad/sec.
2 L 6  10 3

APP | EMI and AC Circuit 134 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes

71.(4) e  Bv
Bv
I
R
B2  2v
F  BI  
R
dv B 2 2v
v 
ds mR
0 s
B 2 2
  dv 
mR  ds
v0 0
s  4m
8 2
72.(2) e  B v   3  5  12 Volt  q  CE (1  et /  )  24  6  12(1  e t /  )  et /  
10 3

E t /  12 2
 e i   2
R 4 3
73.(5) Total magnetic flux through a super conductor is equal to zero.
 self  ext  0  self  ext

Li  B0 r 2

B0 r 2
i
L
74.(4) AC ammeter shows rms current
So, when both currents are flown simultaneously, AC ammeter gives

I AC  62  82  10 & DC ammeter gives,

I DC  6
Difference in readings  10  6  4

di
75.(4) L  vB
dt
Amperes force law opposes velocity
dv
iB   m
dt
Figure
di m d 2v

dt B dt 2

d 2v B 2 2 B
So  v  0 i.e.,  
dt 2 mL mL

APP | EMI and AC Circuit 135 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes

5
76.(3) I  R  4
R 1
20 3
2  L H
2
5  (20 L) 2 4
77.(4) P  V1i1  V2i2

10 103  25  V2

104
V2 
25
n1 8 104
Now V1   V2   V
n2 1 25
Erms Ev
78.(5) I rms    0.2 amp
Z 1 
2

2
R   L 
  C 

 H  I 2 Rt  2  10 or (0.2)2 100  t  20
20
 t  5sec
(0.2)2  100
79.(2) When velocity is maximum then net force acting on the conductor is zero.

80.(2) zRL  R 2  2 L2
2
 1 
zRLC  R 2   L 
 C 
R
cos  RL 
R  2 L2
2

According to question
2
 1  1
(L )2   L   C
 C   22 L

APP | EMI and AC Circuit 136 Solution | Physics

 Vidyamandir Classes

RAY OPTICS AND WAVE OPTICS

3
1.(B) sin c 
2
R
c  60  cos 60 
Rd
d = R.
2.(A) Coordinate of image formed by lens f
(f, 0)
For lens 2 :
u  2 f , h0   d
1 1 1
 
v u f
v2f
v 2f
m   1
u 2 f
hi   d
Coordinate of image  3 f  2 f , d  d 

3.(C) For y  0 For x0

x3 y 1
1 1 1
 
v u f
1 1 1
 
x 3 15
5
x
2
5 
Equation of line passing through (0, 1) &  , 0 
2 
y   0.4 x  1
4D
4.(D) The effective distance of the screen = 2D + 2D = 4D  Fringe-width  
d
5.(C) Iˆ  Nˆ  rˆ  nˆ
6.(B) The necessary and sufficient condition for all the rays to pass around the arc is that the ray with least angle of
incidence should get internally reflected.
From the figure, it becomes obvious that the ray with least angle of incidence is the
one which is incident almost grazingly with the inner wall.

For this ray, if ‘‘ be the angle of incidence


Rd
sin = where d is the diameter of tube .
R R

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Rd 1 d 1
But C  sin  sinC    1- 
R  R 
d 1 d 4  3/ 2 
 1  R   R  R  12 cm
R   1 1/ 2 
Hence the least radius required is 12 cm.
7.(B) There is no change of phase in the transmitted ray due to difference in refractive index. In the reflected ray, phase
change occurs when a ray is reflected from an optically denser medium.
d  2n  1 D
8.(C)   n  0, 1, 2,.....
2 2d
9.(D) AB  2 cm
From refraction at air-water boundary,
 1  3
1 
 2
  2  sin  or   30  BC 
2
cm.

10.(C) 3 cos   2 ( is the angular position of the point)

2 5
 cos    y D
3 2
2
11.(B) sin c 
1
2
 
1  cos 2 C   2 
 1 
2 2 2
2    4   2  2 3 3 3
1   nˆ  pˆ   2  ; 1        5  2 
 1   25   1  1 5
12.(C) For required condition the light ray should be parallel to principal axis after refraction through curved surface of
lens.
3/ 2 1 3/ 2 1
   x = 40 cm
 x  20
13.(B) For min , i should be maximum and maximum possible value of i  90 .
Hence if for i  90 ,  min  C then light ray does not cross the curved surface for any value of i.
Hence from Snell’s Law.
1  sini   sin  90    
i
 sin 90   sin  90   
1
  cos   1  cos    cos C  sin ce   C 

1 1 1 1 1
  1  sin 2 C   1  2
1    2  min  2
   2
 2

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14.(A) Optical path difference =  S2 O  n2   S1O  t  n2  tn3 

  
t  n2  n3  or t  n2  n2  which ever is positive

2  optical path diff. 2 t  n2  n3 

Wave length in vacuum = n11  phase diff. = =
Wavelength in vaccum n11
x
15.(C) I  I max cos 2

x x 1 x   D
 I max  I max cos 2  cos    . . . . . . for smallest x  x  
  2  3 3 3d

  9 D
16.(A) r  d sin    s  1 t  mm  n  17.(AC) 18.(BC)   19.(ABCD)

   16 d

20.(BD)


There is a dark fringe at O if the path different   ABO  AO ' O 
2
2d 2 d 2  D
 2 D2  d 2  2D     d min 
2D D 2 2
The bright fringe is formed at P if the path different  '  AO ' P  ABP  

 D  D2  x 2  D 2  d 2  D2   x  d    
2 x2 d 2
 

x 2  d 2  2 xd


2 D 2D 2D
D
Given, d  d min Solving, x  d min 
2
21.(ABCD)x at O = d [path difference is maximum at O]
7
So, if d  , O will be minima
2
d  , O will be maxima
5
d , O will be minima and hence intensity is minimum.
2
If d = 4.8, then total 10 minimas can be observed on screen, 5 above O and 5 below O, which correspond to
 3 5 7 9
x   ,  ,  ,  ,
2 2 2 2 2

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22.(AD) If the amplitude due to two individual sources at point P is A0 and 3A0 then the resultant amplitude at P, will be :
2 
A  A02   3 A0   2  A0  3 A0  cos  13 A0
3
Resultant intensity, I  13 A02
   
cos i cos i
23.(BC) Shift d  1   t1 sin i  1   t 2 sin i
 n 2
 sin 2 
i  n 2
 sin 2 
i
 1   2 
3 4
i  37n1  t1  4.5 cm n2  , t2  2 cm
2 3
   
   
 0.8 9  0.8 
d  1    0.6  1   2  0.6  1.129  0.39  1.5 cm  d  d1  d 2 

2 2 2
3 2   4 2 
    0.6      0.6 
  2     3  
24.(AC) From the geometry of prism : 1 = 60, r = 30
5 4 5 1 4
Then apply Snell’s law : sin r  sin 2   sin 2
3 3 3 2 3
5 5
 sin 2   2  sin 1   .
8 8
Total internal reflection at the point P is only possible if P > m
25.(BCD)
Apply Snell’s law :  2 sin i  1 sin r  sin i  k sin r
From the given graph, angle of deviation decreases and becomes zero at k  k 2

Hence, 1  r  i  (By geometry)
6
 at k = k2,   r  i  0 means, k2 = 1.

 when k  , r  0, by the Snell’s law, 2  r  i  i 
3
 k1 = must be less than k2 from the given graph.

26.(BD) There are two possibilities 2 = 90 (According to the question)  = 45

dy dy
 Slope of the tangent = tan   tan 45  1
dx dx
dy 2 L     x 
Now,    cos   (From the given equation)
dx   L   L 
dy x x 1  dy  x  2 L 2L
  2cos  cos   Since,  1   ,  x ,
dx L L 2 dx  L 3 3 3 3

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27.(BCD) From the displacement method : h0  h1 h2  9  4  6 cm. Hence, option (C) is correct
h1 9 3 h2 4 2
m1    ; m2   
h0 6 2 h0 6 3
From the displacement method :
d 3 2 d
m1  m2    … (i)
f 2 3 f
D 2  d 2 902  d 2
f   … (ii)
4D 4  90
On solving equation (i) and (ii) we get, d  18 cm, f  21.6 cm
Hence, option (D) is correct.
For the position of object :
x2  x1  d  8, x2  x1  D  90
 x1  36 cm, x2  54cm . Here x1 and x2 be the position of object for two positions of the lens.
Hence, option (B) is correct.
28.(ABCD) D = 96 cm
m1 1
 4 , also m1 m2 = 1  m1  2, m2 
m2 2
V1
Also  m1  V1  2u1
u1
Also V1 + u1 = 96
 3u1 = 96  u1 = 32  V1 = 64  u2 = 64, V2 = 32
Distance between two positions = u2  u1  32 = L

D 2  L2 962  322
Focal length =  = 64/3 cm
4D 4  96
For shorter image, V = V2 = 32 cm
n1 n
29.(AC)   sin 1 then  will also greater then sin 1 3 if n3  n1
n2 n2
If n3  n1 then C D At AB, n3 sin r  n2 sin 
r n2
 sin r  . sin 
A B n3

n2  n  n
 . sin  sin1 1   1
n3  n2  n3
n
 r  sin 1 1  TIR at CD
n3
1  1.4   1 1 
30.(BCD)   1   . . for biconcave  f = 24 cm
f  1  16  24 
1  1 1 
For concavo convex converging,  1.4  1     f  120 cm
f  16 24 

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1 5
Power =  D
1. 2 6
1  1. 4   1 1 
In medium of r. i  1.6,   1    f  76.8 cm
f  1.6   16 24 
1  3  1 1  1  3/ 2  1 1 
31.(AC)    1    ;   1   
f air  2   R1 R2  f water  4 / 3   R1 R2 
From these two equations we get,
f water  4 f air  4 f
In air object was inverted, real and magnified. Therefore, object was lying between f and 2f. Now the focal length
has changed two 4 f. Therefore, the object now lies between pole and focus. Hence, the new image will be virtual
and magnified.

32.(AC) The intensity of light is I ()  I 0 cos 2  
2
2  2 
Where   ( x )    ( d sin )
   
(i) For   30
c 3  108
   300 m and d = 150 m
v 106
 2  1   
  (150)     
 300  2 2 2 4
 I
 I ()  I 0 cos 2    0 (Option A)
4 2
(ii) For   90
 2   
  (150)(1)   Or  and I ()  0
 300  2 2

(iii) For   0,   0 or  0
2
I ()  I 0 (Option C)
33.(AD) Final image is formed at infinity if the combined focal length of the two lenses (in contact) becomes 30 cm or
1 1 1
 
30 20 f
f  60 cm
i.e., when another concave lens of focal length 60 cm is kept in contact with the first lens.
Similarly, let  be the refractive index of a liquid in which focal length of the given lens becomes 30 cm. Then
1  3  1 1 
   1    ……(1)
20  2   R1 R2 
1  3/ 2  1 1 
  1    ……(2)
30     R1 R2 
From equations (1) and (2), we get
9

8

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34.(BD) 21t  n
n 640  3
t n  240 n
21 2 4
t  240 nm, 480 nm,....
35.(BD) The condition for getting maxima is d sin   m. The wavelength of electron will be given as   h / mv.
The distance between successive maxima will increase if  becomes smaller. For this either d should be increased
or  should be decreased. For the latter we must increase the voltage V.
36.(B) Focal length of plano-convex lens
f  20cm
1 2

feq f
20
f eq    10 cm
2
37.(B) As mass of lens = mass of particle
m kx0 x
Time period T  2  2  2 0  .2
k gk g
T
At time t  , lens will come to same position (mean).
2
T
Distance travelled by particle in time
2
1 1 2
u  gt 2   10   0.1  0.05m  u = 5 cm
2 2
Velocity of particle v p  g  t  10  1  1 m/s
Velocity of lens v = 10 m/s
1 1 1
Location of image  
v u f
1 1 1
   v  10 cm
v   s  10
2
v
Velocity of image : vi / l    vo / l
u 
2
 10 
vi / l    10  1  vi / l  36 m/s
5

38.(C) r2
Ceiling
39-41. 39.(B) 40.(C) 41.(B)

1 1 2
sinc    cos c  300cm
 3 3 2
r r1
30 Water surface
r1  30 tan c  cm = 15 2 cm
2 30cm c 1 c
c

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r  10 3  r1 (Hence shadow of ring will be formed on roof)

Radius of shadow = r2  r  300 tan 2 = 10 3  300 tan 2

 10 3 1  1
Now from shell’s Law 3 sin 1  sin 2  tan 1     3  sin 2  tan 2  3
 30 3  2
Hence radius of shadow = 10 3  300 3  310 3 cm
rmax  r1 for which light will come out of liquid surface and shadow of ring will be formed on ceiling

42. [A-p, q] [B-q, r, s] [C-p, q, r] [D-q, r, s] 43. [A-p, t] [B-r, t] [C-s, t ] [D-s, t]
44. [A-q, t] [B-p, r, t] [C-p, q, s, t ] [D-p, r]
45. [A-p, r] [B-q] [C-p, s] [D-p, r]
At centre intensity will be maximum for both wavelengths.
d
For maxima:  n   n  0, 1, 2 .......
D
n D
 
d
  
= 0.2 mm, 0.4 mm,.......for 4000 A = 0.4 mm, 0.8 mm,.......for 8000 A 
  
For minima:   0.1mm, 0.3 mm,.......for 4000 A = 0.2 mm, 0.6 mm,.......for 8000 A 
46.(2) Ray diagram is shown
AOB    2r
1
Now, AMB    AOB  why? 
2
1 
 AMB       2r    r
2 2

 In AMB ; ir rir 
2
sin i  
 Now   sin i  3 sin  2i  
sin r  2
sin i 3 1
 sin i  cos 2i  2 3 sin 2 i  sin i  3  0  sin i  , .
sin r 2 3
Rejecting the negative sign
We get i = 60°.
1 1 
47.(4)   w … (i)
fair 50 u
1 1 1
and   … (ii)  f w  4 fair
fw 40   w u
4
48.(4) For plane surface up  
3
For curved surface up

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1  1    25 1
  ; v , u  4 ; R  25 cm = m.
v u R 8 4

2
49.(8) sin c 
3
At face AC, i is 60°
i  c

50.(4)

51.(16) In one case image is virtual (u = -10cm)

In another case image is real (u = -40cm)
uf 10 f 40 f
v1   ; v2 
u  f 10  f 40  f
In both situations, sign convention is opposite.
10 f 40 f
 v2  v1  v2   ; f  16cm
10  f 40  f

52.(10) hI1  hI 2  h02

h1 1
4hI21  h02  
h0 2
1 (45  x )

2 x
 x  90  2 x
x  30cm
1 1 1
   f  10cm
30 15 f
f f' f f'
53.(30) m1m2   
f x xf
 d  f '  xf  d ( f  x)  f '( f  x)
x f
 xf  dx  xf '  0 ; f  f '  d  30cm
1  1 1  1 1 1
54.(8)  ( rel  1)    and   2 
f  R1 R2  f meq fm'  f 
55.(1) From the information given, f1st lens  30cm
From lens formula (for second lens)
1 1 1 1 1 1
    
v u f 22  x 30  x 30

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17 8
56.(3) Given d  4 3cm sin 30  sin  sin  
16 17
AB  d sec 30  8 cm
4 8 4
tan    
t 15 t
 t  7.5cm  75 mm

nD n  750  10 9  1
57.(8) 1.5  102  
d 0.4 10 3
6 10 6 60
n   8 minima
7 7.5
7.5  10
 I
58.(209) I  I 0 cos2   , here I  0
2 4
  1   2
cos       
2 2 2 3 3
L 2 627
 2   L  nm ; L  209 nm
 3 3
3
59.(4) (1  1)t1  10    now (1  1)t1  (2  1)t2  t2  4 m
2

60.(3) I  4I 0 cos2
2
Case 1 :   0  I  4 I 0

3I    3   
Case 2 : I   4 I 0 cos 2  cos    ;
4 2 2 2 2 6 3
(  1)t  2  (  1) t  2  6000
Now,   ;  ;t ;t   2000 Å
 3  6(  1) 3

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MODERN PHYSICS
1.(C) Energy released = (80 × 7 + 120 × 8 – 200 × 6.5) = 220 MeV

1 1 1 1  1 1 
2.(A) ΔE  13.6Z 2  2  2   27.2  13.6 Z 2     4.25  x  13.6 Z 2   
 n1 n2   4 36   9 36 
27.2 4 8
By dividing we get,  12  x  5.95eV
4.25  x 18 3

3.(A) Maximum energy is liberated when transition is from n  5 to n  1 and minimum energy is liberated when transition
is from n  5 to n  4.
E1 E1 E1 9 9
 E1  52.224  E1  ( )54.4 eV and  2 E1   54.4
52 5 2
4 400 400
 1.224eV
Q ne It
4.(A) I  or, n
t t e
3
(3.2 10 ) (1)
 19
 2 1016
(1.6  10 )
P2 h2
5.(A) P  h / λ and K  
2m 2mλ2
For X-ray photons, it is also maximum energy
hc h2 2mλ2 c
So,  or, λ0 
λ 0 2mλ2 h

2  1 1 
6.(A) 13.6  3    w 4
2
3 42 
2  1 1
13.6  3     wV (w = work function)
2
4 52 
Solving V = 0.85 eV.
dN
7.(B) At time t;  t2   N
dt
d2 N dN  d2N   t02  2t0

dt 2
 2t  
dt
 2  0
 d t 
 
0  2t0   t02   N0   N0 
2

 1 1 1   n2  9 
8.(D) 13.6 1    13.6 z 2   2  z2  8  z  3 and n  9
 9  9 x   n2 
 
100  106
9.(A) No. of neutrons   2.5  7.8 1018
3.2  10 11

10.(A) Let the radius of the n th Bohr orbit be r and let the velocity of the electron in this orbit be v

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nh
Angular momentum of the electron, L  mvr 
2π
mv 2 KZe2
Also,  2
r r
2πKZe 2
Solving, we get v
nh
h nh 2
So, de Broglie wavelength of the electron, λn 

mv 2πKZme 2
For the first excited state in the Hydrogen atom, Z  1 and n  2 ,

h2
 λ
πKZme 2
11.(BC) K  20.4 eV  no excitation of hydrogen atom  collision will be elastic

12.(AB) im  intensity, eVs   hυ  o 

13.(ABC) K max  E  W
TA  4.25  WA
Given TB  TA  1.50  4.70  WB
On solving, WB  WA  1.95 eV
1  h 
λ as λ 
K  
2 Km 
λB KA

λA KB
1/ 2
 TA 
2 
 TA  1.5 
On solving, TA  2eV
WA  4.25  TA  2.25 eV
WB  WA  1.95  4.20 eV
TB  4.70  WB  0.50 eV

dU Ke2 Ke2 mv 2 nh
14.(AB) | F |  …… (1) ;  …… (2) ; mvr = …… (3)
dr r4 r 4 r 2
Solving (2) and (3) : T.E = KE + PE
Total energy  n6
–3
Total energy  m .

n2
15.(ACD) P.E.  2 K .E. and rn 
2
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16.(ABC) Two or more lighter nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus in fusion reaction.

17.(BC)

E1 5RH / 36 5
18.(ACD) c   
E2 3RH / 4 27
λ1 1 1
a  ,b 
λ2 c a
19.(ACD)
20.(ABCD) Under normal conditions total energy, potential energy and kinetic energy in ground state and first excited
state are –13.6 eV,–27.2 eV, 13.6 eV, –3.4 eV, –6.8 eV and 3.4 eV respectively. If potential energy in ground state is
taken to be zero, then kinetic energy will remain unchanged but potential and total energies are increased by 27.2 eV.
Therefore, the new values are 13.6 eV, 0, 13.6 eV, 23.8 eV and 3.4 eV respectively.
21.(AD) Two or more lighter nuclei are combined to form a relatively heavy nucleus to release the energy
1
22.(AC) R  R0 A 3
1
16
For O , R  R0 (16) 3
1
128 1/ 3  128  3 4 3
For 54 X , R '  R0 (128) ; R'    R  2R ; V' R  8V
 16  3
23.(BC) (1) Due to emission of   particles mass will almost remain unchanged.
(2) No. of   particles decayed  3  10 22 , so charge  3  10 22  1.6  10 19  4800 C .
24.(ABCD)
(A) Maximum potential will be equal to the stopping potential which depends on  and nature of
material.
KQ RV
(B) V Q
R K
Since V and K are constant, maximum positive charge appearing depends on R.
(C) As the sphere gets charged (which goes on increasing), it applies a force on the emanating
electrons thus reduces the velocity of emanating electrons.
(D) Initially the sphere in uncharged, thus KEmax of emanating electron is independent of radius of
sphere.
hc 1242
25.(BC) Energy of incident photons, E    6 eV
λ 207
Cut-off potential is given, VC  4 V
Therefore, kinetic energy of the fasting moving photoelectron, K max  eVC  4 eV
Work function of plate A, 0  E  K max  2 eV
Therefore, longest wavelength of light that can cause emission from plate A,
hc 1242
m    621 nm
0 2
Number of photons striking plate A per second,

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N ph 

Energy received at the plate per second  60  20  10

4
sin 30 

1
Energy per photon  6  e  100e
Number of electrons emitted from plate A per second,
Photoelectric current 5 10 4
Ne  
e e
N ph
Therefore one electron is emitted per photons, i.e., 20 photons.
Ne
1 2 mv h
26.(ACD) K mv , r , 
2 eB mv
27.(ABC) Radius of the orbit is proportional to n2  n4
 1 
Ionization energy  13.6  2   0.85 eV
4 
hc 1242  16 
λ   97.4 nm
1 1  13.6  15 
13.6  2  2 
1 4 
Energy of photon h 6.6 1034
pa  Momentum of photon =    6.78 1027 kg m/s
Speed of light λ 97.4 109
As the electron can at the most lose as much energy as it gained in the first transition, it can only emit a photon of
wavelength higher than 97.4 nm.
28.(BC)
(1) is a β - decay process, so the mass that converts to energy is just the mass of the parent nucleus minus the mass
of the daughter nucleus.
(2) is a β - decay process, so the mass that converts to energy is the mass of the parent nucleus minus the mass of
the daughter nucleus plus the mass of two electrons.
29.(AD)
30.(ACD)
2
hc  1
 13.6  
1 
 λ L is proportional to
 n  n  1 
λL   n  1 2 n2 
 
 2n  1
h
  p L is proportional to
 2n  1
p L = Momentum of emitted photon = 2
λL  n  n  1 
hc  1 
2
 13.6    λ M is proportional to  n  1
λM   n  1 2 
 

31.(B) Ground state energy (in eV) is E1.

Given condition, E2 n  E1  204 eV

 1 
E1  2  1  204 eV … (1) and E2n  En  40.8 eV
 4 n 

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 1 1 3E
E1  2  2    21  40.8 eV … (2)
 4n n  4n
 1 
1  4n 2 
By dividing equation (1) and (2), we get, 5
 3 
 4n2 
On solving, we get, n  2
4
32.(C) E1   n 2 (40.8)eV  217.6eV (Put n  2)
3
33.(B) E1  (13.6) Z 2  217.6 eV or, Z 4
E E1
Emin  E2n  E2 n1  2
 (Put n  2)
4n (2n  1) 2
E1 E1 7 E1
    10.58 eV
16 9 144
log e 2
34.(B) Decay constant for the decay of A into X, λ1 
T1
log e 2
Decay constant for the decay of A into Y, λ 2 
T2
dN
If the instantaneous number of nuclei A is N, then    λ1 N  λ 2 N     λ1  λ 2  N
dt
This means that the effective decay constant when both decay processes are going on simultaneously is λ = λ1  λ 2
log e 2 TT
So, effective half-life, T   1 2
λ T1  T2
35.(A) Let the instantaneous number of nuclei A, X and Y present be N A , N X and N Y .
dN X dNY
Then,  λ1 N A and  λ2 N A
dt dt
dN X λ
Dividing the two equations, we get  1
dNY λ2
NX λ N X T2
   1  
 λ 2 dN X   λ1dNY NY λ2 NY T1
36.(B) Maximum energy = Binding energy of products – Binding energy of reactants
 Emax   41.5 40    8.5 40   1320 keV
37.(D) Let the velocity of the Ca-40 nucleus and the beta particle (electron) after the disintegration be v1 and v2 respectively
1  v2
Conserving momentum,  40  v1     v2   0  v1 
 1800  72000

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1 1  2
Kβ   v2
2  1800  2
So, ratio of kinetic energies,    72000   5.18 109
KCa 1
 40  v12
2
38.(A) The energy liberated in the decay of a K-40 nucleus into a Ca-40 nucleus is,
Q   m  K-40   m  Ca-40    931.5  MeV

Here m  K-40  and m  Ca-40  denote the mass of a K-40 atom and a Ca-40 atom respectively.
Q
Therefore, m  Ca-40   m  K-40    39.9640  0.0014  39.9626 u
 931.5 
39. [A – p ; B – r; C – r ; D – r]

40. [A – s ; B – r; C – p; D – q]

P  P 
41.(1) r  Since, r  
q  Bq 
1
Given rα  re
2
Pα 1  Pe 
   or, Pα  Pe
2 2 1 
1  h
λ  Since, λ  
P  p
So, λα  λe or, n 1
42.(6) Given λ A N A  λ B N B
 ln 2  λ t  ln 2   λ Bt
  (4 N 0e A )  ( N 0 )   (e )
 TA   TB 
e(λ A λ B )t  8
(λ A  λ B )t  ln8  3(ln 2)
 ln 2 ln 2 
   t  3ln(2)
 1 2 

43.(7) x and y are number of α- decays and β- decays respectively

92  2 x  y  85
or, 2x  y  7 … (1)
Similarly, 238  4 x  210 … (2)
x7
 1 
44.(4) Ephoton  13.6 1   eV  13.0 eV
 25 
E / c  mv (Momentum conserved)

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E (13)(1.6  1019 )
v   4 m/sec.
mc (1.67)(1027 )(3)(108 )

λ1 ( Z 2  1) 2 1
45.(6)  [Since,  ( Z  1) 2 ]
λ 2 ( Z1  1) 2 λ
1 ( Z 2  1) 2

4 (11  1) 2
On solving Z 2  6
n( n  1)
46.(6) When electron jumps from nth state to ground state, number of possible emission lines  .
2
( n  1)(n  2)
Here, number of possible emission lines   10 (given)
2
On solving, n  6

47.(8) a  v2 / r
Z2
So, a
(1/ Z )
Thus, a  Z 3
3 3
a1  Z1   2 
    8
a2  Z 2   1 
48.(2) The shortest wavelength of Brackett series is corresponding to transition of electron between n1  4 and n2  .
Similarly, the shortest wavelength of Balmer series is corresponding to transition of electron between n1  2 and
n2  .
 13.6   13.6 
Thus, we have ( Z 2 )    or, Z 2
 16   4 
 n 2
n2 n 2 n2 1
.6 N0
49.(8)    hr N  N0 e 2  N 0 2 3  8
3 6 2 N

dN
50.(8)   N   N 0e  t
dt
dN
 n  n N 0  t . . . . (i)
dt

dN 4 3
From graph equation is : n  4   t  4
dt 6 4

dN 1
 n  t6 . . . . (ii)
dt 2

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Comparing (i) and (ii)

1
  and n   N 0   2
2
1
N0 N0 N0   4.16
 t
N  P  t
e e 2  e2.08  8 (using log table)
P N N 0e
51.(9) Let the velocity of the alpha particle before the collision be u1
Let the velocity of the alpha particle and the deuterium nucleus after the collision be v1 and v2 respectively.
Conserving linear momentum, 4u1  4v1  2v2
Newton’s experimental law, v2  v1  u1
u1 4u1
Solving, we get v1  and v2 
3 3
1
K 2
 4  u1 2
So,  2
9
K' 1  u1 
4 
2  3
1 1  1 127
52.(4) 13.6  2  2   12.7  1 2

1 n  n 136
1 9 136
 2
  n2 
n 136 9
 n2  15.11  n4

53.(1) Force 
 2  Power received  cos i    2   3 0.2  cos i    cos i   109 N
Speed of light 3  108
1
54.(1.18) Wavelength of K-alpha line is proportional to
 Z  12
2
Cr  25 
Therefore,   1.18
 Fe  23 
hc 1242  9 
55.(25.69)      25.69 nm
 1 1  13.6  4   8 
13.6  4   2  2 
1 3 
56.(7) (Mass + energy) of the system will remain conserved. Thus (5 + mass energy of A) + (3 + mass energy of B) = (KE of C
+ mass energy of C + excitation energy) [5  3  (35  34.99)  930  8.3]MeV  KE of C.
(17.3 – 10.3) MeV = KE of C.

57.(159) Radiation T 4
1
So T2  2T1 and by Wein’s displacement law  
T

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1 hc
So  2   3000Å; by Einstein’s photoelectric equation  eVs  
2 
hc hc  1 1 
f   eVs   (13.6eV )12  2  2   4.14  2.55
 3000 Å 2 4 
  
  1.59eV  1.59    or   159
 100 
hc 1240
58.(255) Energy of the photon    51  10.2 eV
 6200
Since six spectral lines are obtained, thus transition is from ground state to n = 4.
Also since the atom is not hydrogen, thus only possible atom is He .
6200
[Photon of   nm corresponds to transition from 4 to 2]
51
Thus E in collision = 51eV
For minimum kinetic energy of neutron, collision must be perfectly inelastic.
1 2 14 2 1 2
vrel  51eV  mv  51eV  mv  63.75 eV
2 25 2
[m = mass of neutron, v = velocity of neutron]
59.(4) The given wave is superposition of 3 waves with frequency, 0,   0 and 0  ; max  (0  )

(0  )
 Emax  hvmax  h
2
hvmax  KEmax      4eV

dN
60.(160) P  700 103  1.6 1019 
dt
dN 102 1 1012 ln 2 14  86400 1012
 10  10 3 ;     N 0 ;   N0   160 1015
dt 10 14 7 16 11.2 14  86400 11.2 ln 2

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